Medical Treatment for Aortic Valve Stenosis

A systolic murmur is heard over the aortic area.

The murmur may be described as high pitched and smooth.

A palpable vibration is caused by smooth blood flow across the narrowed valve orifice.

Cardiac imaging is not used to diagnose or monitor the progression of aortic stenosis.

Left ventricular hypertrophy cannot be observed on a 12-lead ECG or an echocardiogram.

Echocardiography is not used to diagnose and quantify the severity of mitral stenosis.

Electrocardiography (ECG) is not used to help determine the severity of mitral stenosis.

A high-pitched, rumbling diastolic murmur is best heard at the apex in patients with mitral stenosis.

Patients with mitral stenosis may have a strong and regular pulse if they develop atrial fibrillation.

Cardiac catheterization with angiography is not used to help determine the severity of mitral stenosis.

Aortic valve stenosis is usually caused by rheumatic endocarditis.

Surgery is recommended only for patients with significant left ventricular dilation, regardless of symptoms.

Calcification in aortic valve stenosis may be caused by inflammatory changes similar to those in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

Congenital leaflet malformations are the most common causes of aortic valve stenosis in adults.

Valve replacement is advised for asymptomatic patients to prevent volume overload.

Echocardiography is used to diagnose and monitor progression of mitral regurgitation.

Patients with mitral regurgitation who develop pulmonary congestion are not managed with medications used for heart failure.

Mitral stenosis results in increased blood flow from the left atrium into the left ventricle.

Rheumatic endocarditis is a common cause of mitral stenosis.

Surgical intervention by mitral valvuloplasty is not considered in cases with symptoms of heart failure.

Mitral valve prolapse can only be diagnosed through ECG.

A systolic click is an early sign that a valve leaflet is ballooning into the right atrium.

Mitral regurgitation may cause signs and symptoms of heart failure.

Most patients with mitral valve prolapse require medication.

Echocardiography is not used to diagnose mitral valve prolapse.