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Questions and Answers
A systolic murmur is heard over the aortic area.
True
The murmur may be described as high pitched and smooth.
False
A palpable vibration is caused by smooth blood flow across the narrowed valve orifice.
False
Cardiac imaging is not used to diagnose or monitor the progression of aortic stenosis.
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Left ventricular hypertrophy cannot be observed on a 12-lead ECG or an echocardiogram.
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Echocardiography is not used to diagnose and quantify the severity of mitral stenosis.
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Electrocardiography (ECG) is not used to help determine the severity of mitral stenosis.
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A high-pitched, rumbling diastolic murmur is best heard at the apex in patients with mitral stenosis.
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Patients with mitral stenosis may have a strong and regular pulse if they develop atrial fibrillation.
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Cardiac catheterization with angiography is not used to help determine the severity of mitral stenosis.
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Aortic valve stenosis is usually caused by rheumatic endocarditis.
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Surgery is recommended only for patients with significant left ventricular dilation, regardless of symptoms.
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Calcification in aortic valve stenosis may be caused by inflammatory changes similar to those in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
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Congenital leaflet malformations are the most common causes of aortic valve stenosis in adults.
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Valve replacement is advised for asymptomatic patients to prevent volume overload.
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Echocardiography is used to diagnose and monitor progression of mitral regurgitation.
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Patients with mitral regurgitation who develop pulmonary congestion are not managed with medications used for heart failure.
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Mitral stenosis results in increased blood flow from the left atrium into the left ventricle.
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Rheumatic endocarditis is a common cause of mitral stenosis.
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Surgical intervention by mitral valvuloplasty is not considered in cases with symptoms of heart failure.
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Mitral valve prolapse can only be diagnosed through ECG.
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A systolic click is an early sign that a valve leaflet is ballooning into the right atrium.
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Mitral regurgitation may cause signs and symptoms of heart failure.
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Most patients with mitral valve prolapse require medication.
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Echocardiography is not used to diagnose mitral valve prolapse.
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