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Questions and Answers
Which medication is associated with a side effect of sweating?
Which medication is associated with a side effect of sweating?
- Isoniazid (correct)
- Ketoconazole
- Chloramphenicol
- Metronidazole
Which of the following medications can cause blurred vision as a side effect?
Which of the following medications can cause blurred vision as a side effect?
- Metronidazole (correct)
- Griseofulvin
- Sulfonamide
- Chlorpropamide
What is the term for shortness of breath that occurs while lying flat and is relieved by sitting or standing?
What is the term for shortness of breath that occurs while lying flat and is relieved by sitting or standing?
- Orthopnea (correct)
- Dyspnea
- Hypoxia
- Pleurisy
Which medication is associated with a side effect of throbbing headache?
Which medication is associated with a side effect of throbbing headache?
Which of the following is a safe laxative in pregnancy?
Which of the following is a safe laxative in pregnancy?
Which of the following medications can cause chest pain as a side effect?
Which of the following medications can cause chest pain as a side effect?
Which medication is associated with a side effect of vertigo?
Which medication is associated with a side effect of vertigo?
What is the concentration of sodium chloride used for wound cleansing with no antiseptic properties?
What is the concentration of sodium chloride used for wound cleansing with no antiseptic properties?
Which of the following medications can cause hyperventilation as a side effect?
Which of the following medications can cause hyperventilation as a side effect?
What is the main element of Vitamin B12?
What is the main element of Vitamin B12?
Which medication is associated with a side effect of weakness?
Which medication is associated with a side effect of weakness?
Which of the following is an osmotic diuretic?
Which of the following is an osmotic diuretic?
Where are the sensory receptors for hearing located?
Where are the sensory receptors for hearing located?
Which of the following medications is not associated with severe diarrhea as a side effect?
Which of the following medications is not associated with severe diarrhea as a side effect?
What is responsible for maintaining ear equilibrium?
What is responsible for maintaining ear equilibrium?
Which of the following is a characteristic of the layer of skin that is the rate limiting step for topical drug absorption?
Which of the following is a characteristic of the layer of skin that is the rate limiting step for topical drug absorption?
What is the primary use of Dimercaprol?
What is the primary use of Dimercaprol?
What is the result of zinc deficiency?
What is the result of zinc deficiency?
What is the daily recommended allowance of calcium for women?
What is the daily recommended allowance of calcium for women?
What is Rhabdomyosarcoma?
What is Rhabdomyosarcoma?
What is the purpose of Lactulose?
What is the purpose of Lactulose?
What is Nosocomial?
What is Nosocomial?
What is the recommended dose frequency for flu vaccinations?
What is the recommended dose frequency for flu vaccinations?
What is the most protective layer of skin?
What is the most protective layer of skin?
Which of the following medications is NOT associated with a lab test or organ?
Which of the following medications is NOT associated with a lab test or organ?
Which lab test is associated with the liver?
Which lab test is associated with the liver?
Which of the following organs is associated with the lab test Cr Cl?
Which of the following organs is associated with the lab test Cr Cl?
Which lab test is associated with the thyroid?
Which lab test is associated with the thyroid?
Which of the following lab tests is associated with the heart?
Which of the following lab tests is associated with the heart?
Which of the following medications is associated with a lab test?
Which of the following medications is associated with a lab test?
Which of the following organs is associated with the lab test Alkaline phosphatase?
Which of the following organs is associated with the lab test Alkaline phosphatase?
Which of the following medications can cause hypokalemia?
Which of the following medications can cause hypokalemia?
Which lab test is associated with both the liver and bone?
Which lab test is associated with both the liver and bone?
What is a common symptom of hypokalemia?
What is a common symptom of hypokalemia?
Which medication can be used to remove excess potassium from the intestine in cases of hyperkalemia with no ECG change?
Which medication can be used to remove excess potassium from the intestine in cases of hyperkalemia with no ECG change?
Which of the following diuretics is safe to use in patients with a sulfa allergy?
Which of the following diuretics is safe to use in patients with a sulfa allergy?
What is the term for drugs that have a dose-dependent effect?
What is the term for drugs that have a dose-dependent effect?
Which of the following medications can have its action decreased by antacids?
Which of the following medications can have its action decreased by antacids?
What happens to the dose of clozapine when a patient quits smoking?
What happens to the dose of clozapine when a patient quits smoking?
What is a common symptom of hyperkalemia?
What is a common symptom of hyperkalemia?
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Study Notes
Dimorphism and Fungi
- Dimorphism is the process of changing fungi from hyphae to yeast.
Medical Terms
- Orthopnea: shortness of breath (dyspnea) that occurs while lying flat and is relieved by sitting or standing.
- Docusate: a safe laxative in pregnancy; a stool softener and anionic SAA.
Medications
- Sodium chloride with 0.9% concentration is used for wound cleansing with no antiseptic properties.
- Chlorobutanol: a preservative, sedative, hypnotic, and weak local anesthetic similar to chloral hydrate.
Diseases and Disorders
- Encephalopathy: a reversible deterioration, while Nephropathy and Retinopathy are irreversible.
- Magnesium toxicity treatment: Calcium gluconate and/or furosemide.
Vitamins and Minerals
- Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin): cobalt is the main element.
Diuretics
- Mannitol: an osmotic diuretic (forced diuresis), contraindicated in CHF and pulmonary edema.
Anatomy and Physiology
- Sensory receptors for hearing: hair cells located on the basilar membrane of the cochlea.
- Inner ear part that maintains equilibrium: saccule.
- Equilibrium is controlled by the inner ear, vestibuolar system, and semicircular canals.
- Regulation of body temperature: hypothalamus.
- Vasomotor and respiratory centers are located in the medulla.
Skin and Skin Functions
- Keratin: present in the outer layer of skin.
- Stratum corneum: the rate-limiting step for topical drug absorption.
- Eoiderms: the most protective layer of skin.
Miscellaneous
- Vitamin A (Trans Retinol): teratogenic, not recommended in pregnancy.
- Dimercaprol: chelation treatment for toxic exposure to arsenic, mercury, gold, and lead.
- Varenicline: a partial nicotinic agonist used in smoking cessation.
- Zinc deficiency: leads to poor wound healing.
- Rhabdomyosarcoma: a type of soft tissue sarcoma that develops from skeletal (striated) muscle cells.
- Hiccups: similar to Tourette syndrome, but unrelated.
- Vitamins K: Vit.K1 (Phytomenadione), K2 (Menaquinone), and K3 (Menadione).
- Lactulose: decreases blood ammonia levels, used in the treatment of hyperammonemia.
Infections and Inflammations
- Nosocomial: infections acquired in hospitals or other healthcare facilities.
- Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS): a rare, serious disorder of the skin and mucous membranes, typically a reaction to medication.
Medication Interactions and Side Effects
- Benzoyl peroxide counseling: avoid contact with hair or clothes.
- Hypokalemia: caused by Thiazides, Loop diuretics, Acetazolamide, and other medications, symptoms include dry mouth, tachycardia, and muscle cramps.
- Hyperkalemia: caused by ACEIs, ARBs, Spironolactone, and other medications, symptoms include bradycardia, paralysis, and paresthesia.
- Antacids decrease the action of certain medications, such as cimetidine, ranitidine, isoniazid, and others.
- Smoking reduction drugs: require higher doses when quitting smoking, includes clozapine, olanzapine, and others.
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