59 Questions
What is the least severe clinical manifestation of hypovolemia?
Thirst
Which transport mechanism is stimulated by the binding of a substance to a transporter?
Facilitated diffusion
What can cause cellular swelling to the point of rupture in hypernatremia?
Hypertonic solution infusion
Which hormone, produced in the hypothalamus, regulates fluid volume by controlling total body water excretion?
ADH
What are the manifestations of hypercalcemia?
Confusion and irritability
What is the stimulus for transport mechanisms based on chemical or electrical gradients?
Active transport
Which category of dehydration involves fluid shifts from intravascular to extravascular compartments?
Hyponatremic dehydration
In which dehydration category are there no fluid shifts?
Isotonic dehydration
Which ions are examples of cations?
Na, Ca, H, K
What manifestations are associated with hypophosphatemia?
Muscle weakness, tremor, paresthesia
Which ions are examples of anions?
Cl, HCO3, SO4, PO4
What manifestations are associated with hypovolemia?
Cardiac arrhythmia, hypotension
What type of transport involves a carrier system moving particles across the membrane as an outcome?
Cation exchange
Which manifestation is associated with hypermagnesemia?
Diminished reflexes
What type of sodium concentration is considered hypernatremic?
>150mEq/L
Which solution has the osmotic gradient directed outward, causing water to leave the cell?
Hypertonic
What are the manifestations of hyperkalemia?
Flaccid paralysis
What is the primary determinant of blood osmolality?
Sodium
Which manifestation is associated with hypokalemia?
Enhanced neuronmuscular irritability
What is a treatment method for cirrhosis?
Intravenous albumin
Which condition involves fluid shifts from extravascular to intravascular compartments?
Hypernatremia
What is a clinical manifestation of hypernatremia?
Restlessness and altered consciousness
Which transport mechanism is stimulated by a concentration gradient?
Osmosis
Which electrolyte disorder involves hypertonic fluid loss?
Hypernatremia
What is the stimulus for transport mechanisms based on chemical or electrical gradients?
Facilitated diffusion
Which manifestation is associated with hypercalcemia?
Constipation
What can cause cellular swelling to the point of rupture in hypernatremia?
Rapid rehydration
Which ions are examples of cations?
Sodium and Calcium
Which transport mechanism is stimulated by a concentration gradient?
Facilitated diffusion
What is the primary determinant of blood osmolality?
Electrolyte concentrations
Which type of dehydration category involves fluid shifts from intravascular to extravascular compartments?
Hyponatremic
Which ions are examples of cations?
Na, Ca, H, K
What is the primary outcome of flow of water directed by osmotically active particles?
Osmosis
Which electrolyte disorder involves hypertonic fluid loss?
Hypernatremia
What type of transport mechanism is stimulated by a concentration gradient?
Passive transport
What are some manifestations of hypophosphatemia?
Muscle weakness, tremor
What are the manifestations of hypermagnesemia?
Tetany, seizures, cardiac arrhythmias, and weakness
Which electrolyte disorder involves hypertonic fluid loss?
Hyperchloremia
What is the primary determinant of blood osmolality?
Sodium
What can cause cellular swelling to the point of rupture in hypernatremia?
Hypotonic solution
Which transport mechanism is stimulated by the binding of a substance to a transporter?
Facilitated diffusion
In which dehydration category are there no fluid shifts?
Isotonic dehydration
What is the primary clinical manifestation of hypermagnesemia?
Cardiac arrest
Which treatment approach is commonly used for hypokalemia?
Oral potassium supplements
What is a common sign of hypocalcemia?
Positive Chvostek's sign
Which electrolyte disorder is associated with muscle twitching, cramps, and tetany?
Hypocalcemia
What is the primary cause of hypervolemia?
Excessive sodium intake
Which electrolyte imbalance can result from excessive vomiting?
Hypokalemia
What is a common symptom of hypernatremia?
Confusion and lethargy
What electrolyte imbalance can cause laryngospasm?
Hypocalcemia
What is the osmolality characteristic of a hypertonic solution?
Higher than intracellular fluid osmolality
What is a common treatment modality for cirrhosis to address ascites?
Paracentesis
What is the primary clinical manifestation of hypokalemia?
Muscle weakness and cramps
Which electrolyte imbalance can lead to enhanced neuromuscular irritability, anxiety, and laryngospasm?
Hypophosphatemia
What electrolyte disorder involves hypertonic fluid loss?
Hypernatremia
Which of these is a characteristic of extracellular distribution of Cl?
5-7 mEq/L
What is the outcome of energy moving particles against a gradient across the membrane?
Active transport
Which treatment approach is commonly used for hypervolemia?
Fluid restriction
What manifestations are associated with hypermagnesemia?
Muscle weakness, hypotension, confusion, muscle cramps
Test your knowledge on medical terms related to fluid and electrolyte imbalances. Identify key terms and concepts related to osmotic pressure, ascites, hypovolemia, and hyponatremia.
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