Questions and Answers
What condition is associated with high alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels?
Which hormone is classified as a corticosteroid?
What is the major cation found in intracellular fluid?
Which vitamin deficiency can lead to pellagra?
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What biomarker is associated with thyroid cancer?
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Which condition is characterized by proteinuria?
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A high level of which ion is the most abundant in the extracellular fluid?
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What type of bilirubin is primarily elevated in obstructive jaundice?
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What is the primary nitrogenous waste product found in the human body?
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Which test is used for the quantification of electrolytes?
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Which condition is characterized by symptoms such as polyuria, weight loss, and high glucose levels?
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What is commonly noted in patients with Wilson disease?
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What is the marker most commonly associated with alcoholic liver disease?
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Which type of imaging technique utilizes nitrocellulose?
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Which symptom is associated with hypercortisolism (Cushing's syndrome)?
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What is the main medium used in electrophoresis?
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What causes gray patches around the cornea in individuals?
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What is the primary component of the bilirubin elevated in obstructive jaundice?
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Study Notes
Liver Enzymes & Conditions
- High GGT level indicates cholestasis.
- Elevated ALP is commonly associated with Paget's disease of bone.
- GGT is a marker for alcoholic liver disease.
Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders
- Symptoms of diabetes mellitus (DM) include polyuria, weight loss, and high glucose levels.
- Pellagra is caused by a deficiency of Vitamin B3 (niacin).
Electrolytes & Intracellular Components
- Sodium (Na) is the normal highest electrolyte, with a range of 135 – 145 mEq/L.
- Potassium (K) is the major cation of intracellular fluid.
- Sodium is also the most abundant cation in extracellular fluid.
Hormones & Endocrine Disorders
- High prolactin levels can lead to infertility.
- Cortisol is the primary corticosteroid hormone associated with stress.
- Hyperthyroidism is characterized by elevated thyroid hormone levels.
- Calcitonin is a marker for thyroid cancer.
Pathological Conditions
- Proteinuria is a key finding in nephrotic syndrome.
- Wilson's disease is associated with excessive copper accumulation in the body.
- Direct bilirubin levels are elevated in cases of obstructive jaundice.
- High LDL levels contribute to the development of atherosclerosis.
- Rickets results from Vitamin D deficiency.
- Moon facies or a buffalo hump is indicative of hypercortisolism (Cushing syndrome).
Immunology & Genetics
- IgG is a component of gamma globulin.
- BRCA1, BRCA2, and HER2 are genetic markers for breast cancer.
Laboratory Techniques
- Medium for electrophoresis is agarose gel.
- Ion selective electrodes are used for the quantification of electrolytes.
- Nitrocellulose membranes are used in Southern blotting and immunoblotting.
- Ethidium bromide is utilized for DNA staining.
- The CK-MB index is calculated by CK-MB/CK x 100.
Neurological Conditions
- Tetanus (caused by tetanospasmin neurotoxin) presents with lockjaw symptoms.
Miscellaneous
- Transferrin is the protein responsible for iron binding.
- Cold agglutination in samples requires warming at 37°C before rerunning.
- Gray patches around the cornea can suggest familial hypercholesterolemia.
- Chicago disease is caused by blastomycosis.
Liver Enzymes & Conditions
- High GGT level indicates cholestasis.
- Elevated ALP is commonly associated with Paget's disease of bone.
- GGT is a marker for alcoholic liver disease.
Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders
- Symptoms of diabetes mellitus (DM) include polyuria, weight loss, and high glucose levels.
- Pellagra is caused by a deficiency of Vitamin B3 (niacin).
Electrolytes & Intracellular Components
- Sodium (Na) is the normal highest electrolyte, with a range of 135 – 145 mEq/L.
- Potassium (K) is the major cation of intracellular fluid.
- Sodium is also the most abundant cation in extracellular fluid.
Hormones & Endocrine Disorders
- High prolactin levels can lead to infertility.
- Cortisol is the primary corticosteroid hormone associated with stress.
- Hyperthyroidism is characterized by elevated thyroid hormone levels.
- Calcitonin is a marker for thyroid cancer.
Pathological Conditions
- Proteinuria is a key finding in nephrotic syndrome.
- Wilson's disease is associated with excessive copper accumulation in the body.
- Direct bilirubin levels are elevated in cases of obstructive jaundice.
- High LDL levels contribute to the development of atherosclerosis.
- Rickets results from Vitamin D deficiency.
- Moon facies or a buffalo hump is indicative of hypercortisolism (Cushing syndrome).
Immunology & Genetics
- IgG is a component of gamma globulin.
- BRCA1, BRCA2, and HER2 are genetic markers for breast cancer.
Laboratory Techniques
- Medium for electrophoresis is agarose gel.
- Ion selective electrodes are used for the quantification of electrolytes.
- Nitrocellulose membranes are used in Southern blotting and immunoblotting.
- Ethidium bromide is utilized for DNA staining.
- The CK-MB index is calculated by CK-MB/CK x 100.
Neurological Conditions
- Tetanus (caused by tetanospasmin neurotoxin) presents with lockjaw symptoms.
Miscellaneous
- Transferrin is the protein responsible for iron binding.
- Cold agglutination in samples requires warming at 37°C before rerunning.
- Gray patches around the cornea can suggest familial hypercholesterolemia.
- Chicago disease is caused by blastomycosis.
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Description
Test your knowledge on important medical terms and concepts with this quiz. Topics include liver enzymes, diabetes, electrolytes, hormones, and much more. Perfect for students studying medicine or healthcare professionals looking to refresh their knowledge.
