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Questions and Answers
What is the meaning of the prefix 'bi-' in medical terms?
What is the meaning of the prefix 'bi-' in medical terms?
Which medical term refers to the inflammation of the trachea?
Which medical term refers to the inflammation of the trachea?
What does the term 'adipose' relate to?
What does the term 'adipose' relate to?
What is the surgical removal of the tonsils called?
What is the surgical removal of the tonsils called?
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Which of the following prefixes means 'one'?
Which of the following prefixes means 'one'?
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What does 'hyperglycemia' refer to?
What does 'hyperglycemia' refer to?
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What is the process of breaking down proteins into smaller peptides called?
What is the process of breaking down proteins into smaller peptides called?
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Which term refers to the dilation of blood vessels?
Which term refers to the dilation of blood vessels?
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What is the function of the appendix in the digestive system?
What is the function of the appendix in the digestive system?
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Which part of the colon travels upward along the right side of the abdomen?
Which part of the colon travels upward along the right side of the abdomen?
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Which of the following conditions is caused by infection of the appendix?
Which of the following conditions is caused by infection of the appendix?
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What condition is indicated by the presence of occult blood in stool?
What condition is indicated by the presence of occult blood in stool?
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What is peptic ulcer disease characterized by?
What is peptic ulcer disease characterized by?
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What is a hernia?
What is a hernia?
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Which condition is characterized by twisting of the intestine?
Which condition is characterized by twisting of the intestine?
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What is gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) primarily caused by?
What is gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) primarily caused by?
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What is the primary function of the male urethra?
What is the primary function of the male urethra?
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What medical term describes the presence of stones in the gallbladder or bile ducts?
What medical term describes the presence of stones in the gallbladder or bile ducts?
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Which of the following is part of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?
Which of the following is part of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?
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What structures are responsible for carrying impulses toward and away from the cell body of a neuron?
What structures are responsible for carrying impulses toward and away from the cell body of a neuron?
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Which of the following is a characteristic complication of cirrhosis?
Which of the following is a characteristic complication of cirrhosis?
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Which part of the nervous system is responsible for maintaining homeostasis?
Which part of the nervous system is responsible for maintaining homeostasis?
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What type of surgical procedure is most commonly used to remove the gallbladder?
What type of surgical procedure is most commonly used to remove the gallbladder?
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What is the composition of the cerebrum mainly characterized by?
What is the composition of the cerebrum mainly characterized by?
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Which enzyme levels are usually increased in acute pancreatitis?
Which enzyme levels are usually increased in acute pancreatitis?
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What is the innermost layer of the heart wall called?
What is the innermost layer of the heart wall called?
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Which structure receives sensory information and directs it to the cerebral cortex?
Which structure receives sensory information and directs it to the cerebral cortex?
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In the human heart, which chambers are referred to as the atria?
In the human heart, which chambers are referred to as the atria?
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What is the basic functional unit of the nervous system?
What is the basic functional unit of the nervous system?
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What divides the cerebrum into two hemispheres?
What divides the cerebrum into two hemispheres?
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What is the primary function of the right side of the heart?
What is the primary function of the right side of the heart?
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Which part of the heart separates the two atria?
Which part of the heart separates the two atria?
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What is a common clinical method to diagnose meningitis?
What is a common clinical method to diagnose meningitis?
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Which type of tumor is characterized by originating from neuroglia?
Which type of tumor is characterized by originating from neuroglia?
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What characterizes a meningioma?
What characterizes a meningioma?
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What is a common symptom associated with infection of the meninges?
What is a common symptom associated with infection of the meninges?
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What condition is characterized by demyelination of CNS axons?
What condition is characterized by demyelination of CNS axons?
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What is the term for the inflammation of the urethra?
What is the term for the inflammation of the urethra?
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Which of the following symptoms might indicate the presence of a tumor in the brain?
Which of the following symptoms might indicate the presence of a tumor in the brain?
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Why do urinary tract infections (UTIs) occur more frequently in women than men?
Why do urinary tract infections (UTIs) occur more frequently in women than men?
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Which cancers are most likely to metastasize to the brain?
Which cancers are most likely to metastasize to the brain?
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Recurrent seizures caused by abnormal brain activity are characteristic of which condition?
Recurrent seizures caused by abnormal brain activity are characteristic of which condition?
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Which statement about chronic renal failure is true?
Which statement about chronic renal failure is true?
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What causes hematuria in glomerulonephritis?
What causes hematuria in glomerulonephritis?
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What component is NOT typically found in urine formed as a waste product?
What component is NOT typically found in urine formed as a waste product?
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What does pyelonephritis involve?
What does pyelonephritis involve?
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What is a common cause of urinary tract infections in hospitals?
What is a common cause of urinary tract infections in hospitals?
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What is oliguria?
What is oliguria?
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Study Notes
Medical Terminology
- Medical terminology is a specialized vocabulary used by healthcare professionals for effective and accurate communication.
- Word components fall into three categories: root, suffix, and prefix.
- The root is the fundamental unit of a medical word, establishing its basic meaning.
- A suffix is a short word part or series of parts added at the end of a root to modify its meaning.
- A prefix is a short word part added before a root to modify its meaning.
- Compound words contain more than one root.
- Combining forms are created when a suffix begins with a consonant, and a vowel is inserted between the root and the suffix.
- A combining vowel is added between a root and a suffix to aid in pronunciation when a suffix beginning with a consonant is added.
- When a suffix is added to a word ending in 'x', the 'x' is changed to 'g' or 'c'.
- When a suffix beginning with 'rh' is added to a root, the 'r' is doubled.
- Medical words use derived words from other languages, which may be helpful to understand the meaning.
- Some examples of medical words and their meanings are provided.
- Medical terminology covers different parts of the human body and their corresponding specialties, their processes and structure.
- Medical terminology uses different suffixes to denote different medical specialities:ist, -er, -iatrics, -ology.
- Surgical procedures are referenced, with the suffix -ectomy, meaning surgical removal.
Surgical Procedures
- Medical terms often refer to surgical procedures.
- Suffixes such as -ectomy (surgical removal), -centesis (surgical puncture), -lysis (loosening), -pexy (surgical fixation), and -plasty (surgical repair) provide insight into the type of procedure performed.
- Examples of word associations for different types of surgical procedures are used to illustrate their meaning.
Four Techniques in Physical Examination
- Physical examination is a means of gathering clinical data from the client using the examiner's senses: sight, hearing, and touch.
- Inspection is a technique in which eyes are used to observe.
- Palpation is a technique in which hands are used to feel for the texture and consistency.
Body Structures and Systems
- Body structures and systems are described in medical terminology terms.
- Combining forms are associated with medical specialities and used in naming different parts of the body.
- Examples of organ systems and components are given, as well as their function.
- Organs and their corresponding word associations are provided.
Body Organs and Organ Systems
- Body organs are arranged into tissues and systems.
- Tissues group into organs, and organs group into organ systems.
- Systems serve specific functions related to the human body.
- Examples of organ systems are given to explain their roles.
Numbers and Quantities
- Medical terminology uses prefixes for numbers frequently.
- Examples of various prefixes and their meanings and word associations are provided.
Miscellaneous Word Parts
- Various word parts in medical terminology are described.
- Word parts and their meanings and associations are given as examples
Blood and Immunity
- Blood is a vital body fluid that circulates through vessels, carrying oxygen and nutrients to cells.
- Blood has a liquid portion (plasma) and formed elements (blood cells).
- Erythrocytes are red blood cells, crucial for oxygen transport.
- Leukocytes, or white blood cells, play a role in the immune system.
- Platelets are crucial for blood clotting.
- The breakdown of blood vessel valves and chronic swelling are related to varicose veins.
Respiratory System
- The respiratory system's primary function is to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide.
- Air is inhaled, warmed, filtered, and moistened.
- Air passageways include the nose and pharynx.
- Air is exchanged in the lungs through bronchioles and alveoli.
- Respiratory system conditions such as pneumonia and rhinitis are mentioned.
Nervous System
- The nervous system is the body’s control center, which has two parts: CNS and PNS.
- CNS is composed of the brain and spinal cord.
- PNS consists of all nervous tissue outside of the brain and spinal cord.
- The nervous system includes somatic and autonomic nervous systems.
- Structures and their function in the nervous system are described.
- Neurons and neuroglia are the major types of cells within the nervous system.
Cardiovascular System
- The heart has three layers: endocardium, myocardium, and epicardium.
- Fibrous sac, the pericardium, surrounds the heart.
- The heart has four chambers: right and left atria, and right and left ventricles.
- Blood flow and circulation through the heart are described.
- Blood vessels: Arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins are included.
- The vascular system, blood pressure (BP), and blood disorders like atherosclerosis, thrombosis, and embolism are discussed.
- Heart function, heart rate (bpm), and disorders like heart failure are highlighted.
Infections in the Digestive/Urinary System
- Infections can impact the gastrointestinal and urinary tracts.
- Examples like ulcers, inflammation, infections are described.
- Common organisms causing infections are outlined.
Diagnosis of Respiratory Disorders
- Methods used for diagnosing respiratory disorders are discussed.
The Digestive Tract
- The gastrointestinal (GI) tract (digestive tract) is a long tube of modified organs, with special functions..
- The activities of organs in the digestive tract and their functions are described.
The Large Intestine
- The large intestine forms, stores, and eliminates undigested materials. Structures, functions, and aspects of the digestive tract are described in the notes.
The Urinary System
- The urinary system filters metabolic waste from the blood, regulates blood composition and volume, and maintains acid-base balance.
- Components of the urinary system, such as the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra are outlined.
- Kidney structure, location, and function are included.
- Infections and related conditions are described.
Transport and Removal of Urine
- Urine is drained from the renal pelvis, channeled to urine collecting points, stored in the bladder, and finally expelled through the urethra.
Neoplasms
- Tumors of nonconducting support cells (neuroglia) in the nervous system are termed gliomas.
Anxiety Disorders
- Disorders involving chronic or extreme fear, worry, and dread are referenced.
Psychosis
- Gross misperception of reality, involving delusions and hallucinations, is mentioned.
Infections
- Infections of the meninges, also known as meningitis, are detailed.
- Lumbar puncture, a diagnostic procedure used for infections in the meninges
Degenerative Diseases
- Diseases like multiple sclerosis, parkinsonism, and epilepsy are mentioned, as well as the conditions that accompany these diseases.
Sleep Disturbances
- Sleep disturbances, like excessive sleepiness, insomnia, and sleep apnea are mentioned.
Head Injury
- Injuries to the head, and problems like contusions and concussions are described
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Description
This quiz covers the essential components of medical terminology, including roots, prefixes, and suffixes. Understanding these components is crucial for healthcare professionals to communicate effectively. Test your knowledge of how these elements combine to form medical vocabulary.
