Medical Terminology: Basic Word Structure
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Questions and Answers

What is the combining vowel most commonly used in medical terminology?

  • O (correct)
  • I
  • A
  • E

    • Which of the following terms correctly represents the process of studying blood?

  • Hematopathy
  • Hematosis
  • Hematology (correct)
  • Hematogenesis

    • When is a combining vowel used between a word root and a suffix?

  • Only with prefixes
  • When the suffix begins with a consonant (correct)
  • It is never used
  • When the suffix begins with a vowel

    • What is the meaning of the root 'hepat'?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms is built without a word root?

    <p>Hypertrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the combining form 'hepat/o' refer to?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which combining form indicates the study of the mind?

    <p>Psych/o</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the term 'gastroenterology', what is the purpose of the combining vowel?

    <p>To connect the two roots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which combining form means 'to cut'?

    <p>Sect/o</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the combining form 'cyst/o' refer to?

    <p>Bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which suffix would most likely indicate a procedure or operation?

    <p>-ectomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which combining form refers to 'joint'?

    <p>Arthr/o</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'cytology' study?

    <p>Cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'pathogenic' refer to?

    <p>Pertaining to producing disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which combining form refers to the uterus?

    <p>hyster/o</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the meaning of 'hyperthyroidism'?

    <p>Condition of an increase in thyroid hormone levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'hematology' study?

    <p>The process of studying blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes a 'tumor of the liver'?

    <p>Hepatoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a prefix in a medical term?

    <p>To modify the meaning of the root.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a condition of low blood sugar?

    <p>Hypoglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which word represents the 'uppermost layer of the skin'?

    <p>Epidermis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about a suffix is true?

    <p>It appears at the end of a medical term.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a combining vowel typically used for?

    <p>To link roots to suffixes or other roots.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'excision' mean?

    <p>The process of cutting out completely</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should complex medical terms be read for their meanings?

    <p>From the end to the beginning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a combining form of a medical term?

    <p>It's the root combined with a combining vowel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of learning medical terminology?

    <p>It helps in maintaining a global communication standard.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the term 'Hematology', what does 'Hemat' represent?

    <p>Root word.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the suffix play in the word 'Endometritis'?

    <p>It conveys the meaning of inflammation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the suffix '-algia' indicate in medical terminology?

    <p>Condition of pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which prefix means 'no, not, without'?

    <p>A-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the suffix '-ectomy' mean in medical terms?

    <p>Excision, removal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to a specialist in the endocrine system?

    <p>Endocrinologist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the prefix 'hyper-' convey in medical language?

    <p>Excessive, more than normal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the meaning of the suffix '-oma'?

    <p>Tumor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the prefix 'peri-' indicate?

    <p>Surrounding, around</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the suffix '-scopy' represent in terms of medical procedures?

    <p>Process of visual examination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms indicates a condition that is usually abnormal?

    <p>Nephrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'transurethral' indicate based on the prefix?

    <p>Passing through the urethra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Medical Terminology: Basic Word Structure

    • Communication in Healthcare: Medical professionals and related individuals use specific terminology for effective communication.
    • Medical Literature Uses Medical Language: The medical field relies heavily on established terms for clarity and understanding.
    • Global Language: Medical terminology acts as a universal language for healthcare professionals worldwide.
    • Breaking Down Complex Terms: Understanding the components of medical terms helps interpret long, unfamiliar words.

    The Basics of Medical Terms

    • Prefix: The beginning of a medical word, modifying its meaning.
    • Root: The core of a term, representing a body part, action, or concept.
    • Suffix: The ending of a word, indicating a procedure, condition, disorder, or disease.
    • Combining Vowel: Typically the letter "o", used to link a root to a suffix or another root.
    • Combining Form: A root combined with a combining vowel ("o").

    Identifying and Understanding Components

    • Reading from Suffix to Beginning: Begin analyzing a medical term by deciphering the suffix and then working backwards.

    Root Words - Key Definitions

    • Root Examples:
      • Hemat - Blood
      • Cis - To cut
      • Kardia (Greek) - Heart
      • Gaster (Greek) - Stomach
      • Hepar (Greek) - Liver
      • Osteon (Greek) - Bone

    Combining Vowels

    • Purpose: Facilitate pronunciation by smoothly linking word parts.
    • Common Combining Vowel: "O"
    • Example:
      • cardi/o - Cardio

    Combining Forms

    • Root and Vowel Combination: A root plus a combining vowel forms the combining form.

    Basic Combining Forms

    • aden/o: Gland
    • arthr/o: Joint
    • bi/o: Life
    • carcin/o: Cancerous, cancer
    • cardi/o: Heart
    • cephal/o: Head
    • cerebr/o: Cerebrum
    • cis/o: To cut
    • crin/o: To secrete
    • cyst/o: Bladder
    • cyt/o: Cell
    • derm/o, dermat/o: Skin
    • electr/o: Electricity
    • encephal/o: Brain
    • enter/o: Intestines (small)
    • erythr/o: Red
    • gastr/o: Stomach
    • gnos/o: Knowledge
    • gynec/o: Woman, female
    • hemat/o, hem/o: Blood
    • hepat/o: Liver
    • iatr/o: Treatment, healing
    • leuk/o: White
    • log/o: Study of
    • nephr/o: Kidney
    • neur/o: Nerve
    • onc/o: Tumor
    • ophthalm/o: Eye
    • oste/o: Bone
    • path/o: Disease
    • ped/o: Child
    • psych/o: Mind
    • radi/o: Radiation
    • ren/o: Kidney
    • rhin/o: Nose
    • sarc/o: Flesh
    • sect/o: To cut
    • thromb/o: Clot, clotting
    • ur/o: Urinary tract, urine

    Basic Suffixes

    • Purpose: Typically indicate a procedure, condition, disorder, or disease.
    • Attached After Root: Suffixes are always added to the root word to complete the term.
    • Example:
      • neur/o: Nerves
      • Neural: Pertaining to nerves
      • Neuralgia: Painful condition of nerves

    Basic Suffix Definitions

    • -ac: Pertaining to
    • -al, -ar: Pertaining to
    • -ic, -ical: Pertaining to
    • -algia: Condition of pain
    • -cyte: Cell
    • -ectomy: Excision, removal
    • -emia: Blood condition
    • -genic: Pertaining to producing
    • -globin: Protein
    • -gram: Record
    • -ion: Process
    • -ist: Specialist
    • -itis: Inflammation
    • -logy: Process of study
    • -oma: Tumor
    • -opsy: Process of viewing
    • -osis: Condition, usually abnormal
    • -pathy: Disease condition
    • -scope: An instrument for visual examination
    • -scopy: Process of visual examination
    • -sis: State of or condition of
    • -tomy: Process of cutting

    Basic Prefixes

    • Purpose: Typically indicate a number, measurement, position/direction, color, or status.
    • Not All Terms Have Prefixes: Some medical words do just have a root and a suffix.

    Basic Prefix Definitions

    • A-, An-: No, not without
    • Auto-, Aut-: Self, own
    • Dia-: Through, complete
    • Endo-: In, within, inside
    • Epi-: Upon, above
    • Ex-: Out
    • Exo-: Outside of, outward
    • Hypo-: Below, less than normal
    • Hyper-: Excessive, more than normal
    • In-: Into, in
    • Peri-: Surrounding, around
    • Pro-: Before, forward
    • Re-: Back, backward, again
    • Retro-: Behind
    • Sub-: Below, under
    • Trans-: Across, through

    Determining the Meaning of Medical Terms

    • Steps:
      • 1. Define the Suffix
      • 2. Define the Prefix
      • 3. Define the Root

    Example Term Breakdown

    • Transhepatic: Pertaining to across the liver
    • Hypoglycemia: Blood condition of low sugar

    Points to Remember

    • Multiple Accepted Spellings: Some words have different spellings depending on region.
    • Similar Meaning Combining Forms: Multiple combining forms can have the same meaning.
    • Similar Sounding Forms with Different Meanings: Be cautious as some forms have similar sounds but distinct meanings.
    • Homophones: Terms with identical pronunciation but different spellings and meanings.

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    Related Documents

    Medical Terminology TERM 201, Semester -1, 2024-2025 PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the fundamental components of medical terminology, focusing on prefixes, roots, and suffixes. Understanding these elements is essential for effective communication in healthcare. Additionally, it highlights how medical language serves as a universal communication tool across the global healthcare community.

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