Medical Terminology: Joints

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Questions and Answers

What does 'arthr/o' refer to?

Stiff

Bend

Spine

Joint (correct)

What does 'spondyl/o' mean?

spine/vertebra

What does 'ankyl/o' signify?

stiff

What does 'scoli/o' stand for?

bent Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of 'articulation'?

where two bones connect Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'synarthrodial' joints?

immovable (sutures) Signup and view all the answers

What does 'amphiarthrodial' indicate?

slightly movable Signup and view all the answers

What describes 'diarthrodial' joints?

freely movable - also called synovial joints Signup and view all the answers

What are 'synovial joints'?

joints with a cavity lined with synovial membrane Signup and view all the answers

What are 'bursae'?

pads under the ligaments to protect underlying bone Signup and view all the answers

What does 'flexion' refer to?

bend arm Signup and view all the answers

What is 'extension'?

straighten arm Signup and view all the answers

What does 'abduction' mean?

take arm away from body Signup and view all the answers

What is 'adduction'?

bring arm back to side Signup and view all the answers

Define 'rotation'.

twisting ankle Signup and view all the answers

What does 'supination' mean?

hands up Signup and view all the answers

What is 'pronation'?

hands down Signup and view all the answers

What does 'dorsiflexion' involve?

flexing foot Signup and view all the answers

What is 'plantar flexion'?

pointing toe Signup and view all the answers

What does 'circumduction' refer to?

making a circle with arm Signup and view all the answers

What does 'arthralgia' mean?

joint pain Signup and view all the answers

What is 'arthritis'?

inflammation of the joints Signup and view all the answers

What impact does ankylosing spondylitis have?

arthritis that affects the vertebrae Signup and view all the answers

What are the symptoms of ankylosing spondylitis?

arthralgia, malaise, kyphosis, loss of height Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for ankylosing spondylitis?

anti-inflammatory drugs and physical therapy Signup and view all the answers

Define osteoarthritis.

degenerative joint disease Signup and view all the answers

What are the symptoms of osteoarthritis?

joint stiffness and pain, swelling, decreased range of motion Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for osteoarthritis?

anti-inflammatory medications, physical therapy, and surgery if severe Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes rheumatoid arthritis?

chronic, systemic, inflammatory disease affecting non weight-bearing joints Signup and view all the answers

What are the signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis?

joint swelling, pain, stiffness, decreased range of motion, malaise Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for rheumatoid arthritis?

aspirin, other NSAIDs, rest, and physical therapy Signup and view all the answers

What is gout?

acute form of arthritis affecting the first metatarsal joint of the great toe Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for gout?

rest, ice, anti-inflammatory medications, allopurinol, diet change, increased fluids Signup and view all the answers

What is a bunion?

abnormal swelling and displacement of the joint at the base of the great toe Signup and view all the answers

What are the symptoms of a bunion?

pain and swelling Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for a bunion?

prevention, wide-toed shoes, orthotics, pads, bunionectomy Signup and view all the answers

What does 'contracture' mean?

the joint is fixed in a flexed position Signup and view all the answers

What is a dislocation of the joint?

displacement of a synovial joint causing loss of function Signup and view all the answers

What does 'subluxation' refer to?

partial dislocation Signup and view all the answers

What are the symptoms of subluxation?

loss of function, pain, swelling, follows an injury Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for subluxation?

closed reduction with immobilization Signup and view all the answers

What is a ganglion cyst?

synovial fluid leaking from a joint, collecting under the skin Signup and view all the answers

What are the symptoms of a ganglion cyst?

a nodule usually on the wrist, dorsum of hand, or foot Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for ganglion cysts?

rest, needle aspiration, ganglionectomy Signup and view all the answers

What is a herniated disc?

rupture of the nucleus of the disc that cushions the vertebrae Signup and view all the answers

What does 'sciatica' refer to?

if a herniated disc compresses the sciatic nerve Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Medical Terminology for Joints

arthr/o: Refers to joints.
spondyl/o: Relates to the spine or vertebra.
ankyl/o: Indicates stiffness.
scoli/o: Denotes bent.
articulation: The point where two bones connect.

Joint Types

synarthrodial joints: Immovable, such as sutures in the skull.
amphiarthrodial joints: Slightly movable, allowing limited motion.
diarthrodial (synovial) joints: Freely movable joints with a joint cavity.

Synovial Joints

Characterized by a joint cavity lined with synovial membrane and filled with synovial fluid.
Held together by ligaments, with bones cushioned by articular cartilage.
Associated with bursae that protect underlying bones from friction caused by ligaments during movement.

Joint Movements

flexion: Bending the arm.
extension: Straightening the arm.
abduction: Moving the arm away from the body.
adduction: Bringing the arm back to the side.
rotation: Twisting the ankle.
supination: Turning the hands upward.
pronation: Turning the hands downward.
dorsiflexion: Flexing the foot.
plantar flexion: Pointing the toes.
circumduction: Creating a circular motion with the arm.

arthralgia: General term for joint pain.
arthritis: Inflammation of the joints; includes various disorders affecting millions.
- ankylosing spondylitis: A form of arthritis affecting the vertebrae with symptoms like pain, malaise, kyphosis, and loss of height. Treatment involves anti-inflammatory drugs and physical therapy.
- osteoarthritis: The most common type of arthritis, degenerative in nature, mainly affecting weight-bearing joints such as hips and knees. Symptoms include stiffness, pain, and decreased range of motion (ROM); treatment involves medications, physical therapy, and possibly surgery.
- rheumatoid arthritis: A chronic inflammatory disease predominantly affecting non-weight-bearing joints, most commonly seen in women aged 20-40. Symptoms include joint swelling, pain, and stiffness, which may lead to deformity. Treatment options include NSAIDs, rest, and physical therapy, with potential joint replacement.
- gout: An acute form of arthritis primarily affecting the first metatarsal joint of the great toe, related to poor uric acid metabolism. Treatment consists of rest, ice, anti-inflammatory medications, and dietary changes.
- bunion: Abnormal swelling at the base of the great toe due to genetics or ill-fitting shoes, presenting with pain and swelling. Treatment includes preventive measures, orthotics, and possible bunionectomy.

Joint Issues

contracture: A condition where the joint is fixed in a flexed position, leading to muscle shortening and atrophy.
dislocation: Displacement of a synovial joint, resulting in loss of function.
subluxation: Partial dislocation associated with loss of function and pain, often following an injury, treated with closed reduction and immobilization.
ganglion cyst: A fluid-filled nodule that forms under the skin, often on the wrist, caused by leakage of synovial fluid. Treatment options include rest, needle aspiration, or removal.
herniated disc: The nucleus of the intervertebral disc ruptures, causing nerve compression, which can lead to sciatica if the sciatic nerve is affected.

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Test your knowledge of medical terminology related to joints with these flashcards. This quiz covers essential terms like 'arthr/o' and 'spondyl/o', helping you understand their meanings in the context of anatomy. Perfect for students and professionals alike!