Medical Terminology: Joints
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Questions and Answers

What does 'arthr/o' refer to?

  • Stiff
  • Bend
  • Spine
  • Joint (correct)

    • What does 'spondyl/o' mean?

    spine/vertebra

    What does 'ankyl/o' signify?

    stiff

    What does 'scoli/o' stand for?

    <p>bent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the meaning of 'articulation'?

    <p>where two bones connect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by 'synarthrodial' joints?

    <p>immovable (sutures)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'amphiarthrodial' indicate?

    <p>slightly movable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes 'diarthrodial' joints?

    <p>freely movable - also called synovial joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are 'synovial joints'?

    <p>joints with a cavity lined with synovial membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are 'bursae'?

    <p>pads under the ligaments to protect underlying bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'flexion' refer to?

    <p>bend arm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is 'extension'?

    <p>straighten arm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'abduction' mean?

    <p>take arm away from body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is 'adduction'?

    <p>bring arm back to side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define 'rotation'.

    <p>twisting ankle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'supination' mean?

    <p>hands up</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is 'pronation'?

    <p>hands down</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'dorsiflexion' involve?

    <p>flexing foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is 'plantar flexion'?

    <p>pointing toe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'circumduction' refer to?

    <p>making a circle with arm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'arthralgia' mean?

    <p>joint pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is 'arthritis'?

    <p>inflammation of the joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does ankylosing spondylitis have?

    <p>arthritis that affects the vertebrae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the symptoms of ankylosing spondylitis?

    <p>arthralgia, malaise, kyphosis, loss of height</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment for ankylosing spondylitis?

    <p>anti-inflammatory drugs and physical therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define osteoarthritis.

    <p>degenerative joint disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the symptoms of osteoarthritis?

    <p>joint stiffness and pain, swelling, decreased range of motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment for osteoarthritis?

    <p>anti-inflammatory medications, physical therapy, and surgery if severe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes rheumatoid arthritis?

    <p>chronic, systemic, inflammatory disease affecting non weight-bearing joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis?

    <p>joint swelling, pain, stiffness, decreased range of motion, malaise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment for rheumatoid arthritis?

    <p>aspirin, other NSAIDs, rest, and physical therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is gout?

    <p>acute form of arthritis affecting the first metatarsal joint of the great toe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment for gout?

    <p>rest, ice, anti-inflammatory medications, allopurinol, diet change, increased fluids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a bunion?

    <p>abnormal swelling and displacement of the joint at the base of the great toe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the symptoms of a bunion?

    <p>pain and swelling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment for a bunion?

    <p>prevention, wide-toed shoes, orthotics, pads, bunionectomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'contracture' mean?

    <p>the joint is fixed in a flexed position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a dislocation of the joint?

    <p>displacement of a synovial joint causing loss of function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'subluxation' refer to?

    <p>partial dislocation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the symptoms of subluxation?

    <p>loss of function, pain, swelling, follows an injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment for subluxation?

    <p>closed reduction with immobilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a ganglion cyst?

    <p>synovial fluid leaking from a joint, collecting under the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the symptoms of a ganglion cyst?

    <p>a nodule usually on the wrist, dorsum of hand, or foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment for ganglion cysts?

    <p>rest, needle aspiration, ganglionectomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a herniated disc?

    <p>rupture of the nucleus of the disc that cushions the vertebrae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'sciatica' refer to?

    <p>if a herniated disc compresses the sciatic nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Medical Terminology for Joints

    • arthr/o: Refers to joints.
    • spondyl/o: Relates to the spine or vertebra.
    • ankyl/o: Indicates stiffness.
    • scoli/o: Denotes bent.
    • articulation: The point where two bones connect.

    Joint Types

    • synarthrodial joints: Immovable, such as sutures in the skull.
    • amphiarthrodial joints: Slightly movable, allowing limited motion.
    • diarthrodial (synovial) joints: Freely movable joints with a joint cavity.

    Synovial Joints

    • Characterized by a joint cavity lined with synovial membrane and filled with synovial fluid.
    • Held together by ligaments, with bones cushioned by articular cartilage.
    • Associated with bursae that protect underlying bones from friction caused by ligaments during movement.

    Joint Movements

    • flexion: Bending the arm.
    • extension: Straightening the arm.
    • abduction: Moving the arm away from the body.
    • adduction: Bringing the arm back to the side.
    • rotation: Twisting the ankle.
    • supination: Turning the hands upward.
    • pronation: Turning the hands downward.
    • dorsiflexion: Flexing the foot.
    • plantar flexion: Pointing the toes.
    • circumduction: Creating a circular motion with the arm.
    • arthralgia: General term for joint pain.
    • arthritis: Inflammation of the joints; includes various disorders affecting millions.
      • ankylosing spondylitis: A form of arthritis affecting the vertebrae with symptoms like pain, malaise, kyphosis, and loss of height. Treatment involves anti-inflammatory drugs and physical therapy.
      • osteoarthritis: The most common type of arthritis, degenerative in nature, mainly affecting weight-bearing joints such as hips and knees. Symptoms include stiffness, pain, and decreased range of motion (ROM); treatment involves medications, physical therapy, and possibly surgery.
      • rheumatoid arthritis: A chronic inflammatory disease predominantly affecting non-weight-bearing joints, most commonly seen in women aged 20-40. Symptoms include joint swelling, pain, and stiffness, which may lead to deformity. Treatment options include NSAIDs, rest, and physical therapy, with potential joint replacement.
      • gout: An acute form of arthritis primarily affecting the first metatarsal joint of the great toe, related to poor uric acid metabolism. Treatment consists of rest, ice, anti-inflammatory medications, and dietary changes.
      • bunion: Abnormal swelling at the base of the great toe due to genetics or ill-fitting shoes, presenting with pain and swelling. Treatment includes preventive measures, orthotics, and possible bunionectomy.

    Joint Issues

    • contracture: A condition where the joint is fixed in a flexed position, leading to muscle shortening and atrophy.
    • dislocation: Displacement of a synovial joint, resulting in loss of function.
    • subluxation: Partial dislocation associated with loss of function and pain, often following an injury, treated with closed reduction and immobilization.
    • ganglion cyst: A fluid-filled nodule that forms under the skin, often on the wrist, caused by leakage of synovial fluid. Treatment options include rest, needle aspiration, or removal.
    • herniated disc: The nucleus of the intervertebral disc ruptures, causing nerve compression, which can lead to sciatica if the sciatic nerve is affected.

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    Test your knowledge of medical terminology related to joints with these flashcards. This quiz covers essential terms like 'arthr/o' and 'spondyl/o', helping you understand their meanings in the context of anatomy. Perfect for students and professionals alike!

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