27 Questions
What is the primary distinction between disease and infection?
Disease is the adverse effect on the host, while infection is the invasion and multiplication of a pathogen.
What is the term for the study of the cause of a disease?
Etiology
Who developed the pasteurization process and the rabies and anthrax vaccine?
Louis Pasteur
What is the term for a disease that can be spread via direct or indirect contact from one animal to another?
Communicable disease
What is the primary purpose of 'Koch's Postulates'?
To confirm the cause of a disease
What is a characteristic of commensal pathogens?
They can skip the step of entering the host as they are already present.
Which of the following best describes zoonotic pathogens?
Zoonotic pathogens are transmitted to humans from animals.
What is necessary for pathogens to establish a unique habitat within the host?
They must cross physical barriers of the host or breach the host's natural defenses.
What is the relationship between exposure and infection?
Exposure does not necessarily mean infection.
What is the most common outcome of viral infections?
Development of immunity.
What is true about the multiplication of pathogens within the host?
It typically causes disease within the host.
What is a fundamental limitation of Koch's Postulates?
It assumes the pathogen can be grown in a pure culture
Which of the following types of microbes is capable of causing disease?
Any microbe, regardless of its relationship with the host
What percentage of microbes are capable of causing disease?
Less than 5%
What is the primary characteristic that defines a pathogen?
Its ability to cause disease
What is the smallest type of microbe?
Prion
What type of pathogen always causes disease in order to transmit and survive evolutionarily?
Obligate pathogen
Which type of pathogen is typically found in the indigenous microbiota of a host?
Commensal pathogen
What type of pathogen causes disease only when the host has an impairment in immunity?
Opportunistic pathogen
Which type of pathogen can replicate within the environment and is capable of infecting and multiplying within a host?
Facultative pathogen
What type of pathogen is transmitted from the environment into the host, where it can cause disease?
Environmental pathogen
What occurs when there is overgrowth of a commensal pathogen?
Disease is caused
What are the possible outcomes if a host is infected with a pathogen, regardless if they have clinical and or non-clinical signs?
The host will eliminate the pathogen from its system or will become a carrier of the pathogen
During which stage of infectious disease are general, non-specific signs present?
Prodromal
During which stage of infectious disease are signs and symptoms more severe and specific?
Illness
Which of the following is only possible within a host that is experiencing clinical signs (and is therefore not possible in a host without clinical signs)?
The host can die
During which stage of infectious disease does the host return to normalcy?
Convalescence
Test your knowledge of medical terminology related to infection and disease. Learn about the definitions of infection, disease, infectious diseases, and communicable diseases. Understand the concept of etiology and etiological agents.
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