Medical Terminology Definitions Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of infection?

  • Introduction of the viral genome into a host cell
  • Presence of an organism in or on any body cell, tissue, organ, or system resulting in disease (correct)
  • Manifestation of signs and symptoms with known etiology, pathology, and prognosis
  • Introduction of an organism with growth or multiplication in or on any body cell, tissue, organ, or system

What is the meaning of tropism in the context of diseases?

  • Predilection to infect certain cells, tissues, organs, or systems (correct)
  • Presence of an organism with growth or multiplication in or on any body cell, tissue, organ, or system
  • Introduction of the viral genome into a host cell
  • Manifestation of signs and symptoms with known etiology, pathology, and prognosis

What is the distinction between colonization and infection?

  • Infection is always permanent while colonization may lead to disease
  • Colonization is clinically unapparent while infection results in disease (correct)
  • Colonization is caused by viruses while infection can be caused by any infectious agent
  • Infection leads to growth or multiplication of an organism while colonization does not

What is the definition of a reservoir in the context of infectious diseases?

<p>One or more epidemiologically connected populations or environments maintaining the pathogen permanently (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of viremia?

<p>The presence of virions in the blood (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the capacity of a virus to enter and cause damage to a tissue?

<p>Invasiveness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'attenuation' refer to?

<p>Loss of virulence (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'latent infection' refer to?

<p>Persistent infection characterized by the presence of an intact viral genome (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concept does 'oncogenesis' relate to?

<p>Process through which healthy cells become transformed into cancer cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 'persistent (chronic) infection' characterized by?

<p>Failure of the host to clear the infection (usually following an acute stage) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'productive infection' lead to?

<p>Viral infection that leads to the production of progeny virions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 'viral set point' in relation to viral infections?

<p>The viral load that the body settles at within a few weeks to months after infection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 'smoldering infection' characterized by?

<p>Low-level viral replication despite an efficient immune response (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'virulence factor' refer to?

<p>A nonessential gene which, when expressed, increases the virulence of an organism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of 'transforming infection'?

<p>Viral infection that leads to host cell immortalization (cell transformation) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'cytopathic effect' relate to?

<p>Morphologic change brought to the cell as a consequence of viral infection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between colonization and infection?

<p>Colonization always leads to disease, while infection may or may not lead to disease. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of tropism in the context of diseases?

<p>Tropism is the predilection to infect certain cells, tissues, organs, or systems. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'vector' refer to in the context of infectious diseases?

<p>Vector is an agent that transmits a disease organism from one host to another. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What constitutes a reservoir in the context of infectious diseases?

<p>Reservoir is one or more epidemiologically connected populations or environments in which the pathogen can be permanently maintained and from which infection is transmitted. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'quasispecies' refer to?

<p>Mixture of viruses present in a host at one time that are derived from the common ancestral virus that first infected the host (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 'invasiveness' in the context of viruses?

<p>The capacity of a virus to enter and cause damage to a tissue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of 'persistent (chronic) infection'?

<p>Failure of the host to clear the infection (usually following an acute stage) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 'latent infection' characterized by?

<p>Persistent infection characterized by the presence of an intact viral genome, little or no macromolecule synthesis, and the potential to reactivate and generate virion progeny (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'abortive (nonproductive) infection' refer to?

<p>Viral infection that does not lead to the production of progeny virions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 'virulence' in the context of organisms?

<p>An organism’s relative capacity to cause disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 'viral set point' in relation to viral infections?

<p>The viral load that the body settles at within a few weeks to months after infection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 'cytopathic effect' in the context of viral infections?

<p>Morphologic change brought to the cell as a consequence of viral infection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 'virus restriction'?

<p>Mutational load that leads to viral genome degradation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'transforming infection' refer to?

<p>Viral infection that leads to host cell immortalization (cell transformation) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 'smoldering infection' characterized by?

<p>Low-level viral replication despite an efficient immune response (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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