Classification of Infectious Diseases Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What are symptoms?

  • Changes in body function felt by a patient (correct)
  • Objective changes observed by a physician
  • Group of symptoms accompanying a disease
  • Infection that does not cause noticeable illness

    • What are signs in a medical context?

  • Conditions that develop slowly
  • Live microbial cultures intended to benefit health
  • Objective changes that can be measured (correct)
  • Subjective changes felt by patients

    • What is a syndrome?

  • A single symptom
  • An infection in a small area of the body
  • Group of symptoms or signs that are associated with a disease (correct)
  • A type of communicable disease

    • What defines a communicable disease?

    <p>Disease that is easily spread from one host to another (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes a contagious disease?

    <p>It is easily spread from one person to another (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an incidence?

    <p>The number of people in a population who develop a disease during a certain time period.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is prevalence?

    <p>The number of people in a population who develop a disease at a specified time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define a sporadic disease.

    <p>A disease that only occurs occasionally (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is endemic disease?

    <p>A disease that is constantly present in a population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of an epidemic?

    <p>Disease that affects many hosts in a short period of time (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does pandemic refer to?

    <p>An epidemic occurring worldwide (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an acute disease?

    <p>A disease that develops rapidly and lasts only a short period of time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a chronic disease?

    <p>A disease that develops slowly with less severe symptoms and can recur for long periods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a latent disease?

    <p>A disease that is inactive for a period of time but can later produce symptoms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is herd immunity?

    <p>When most people within a community are immune to a disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a local infection?

    <p>An infection that is limited to a relatively small area of the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is systemic infection?

    <p>An infection where microorganisms spread throughout the body via the blood or lymph.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a focal infection?

    <p>Agents of a local infection spreading to distant sites (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is sepsis?

    <p>A toxic inflammatory condition arising from the spread of microbes from an infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is septicemia?

    <p>A systemic infection caused by the multiplication of pathogens in the blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is bacteremia?

    <p>The presence of bacteria in the blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is toxemia?

    <p>The presence of toxins in the blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is viremia?

    <p>The presence of viruses in the blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a subclinical infection?

    <p>An infection that does not cause noticeable illness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is normal flora?

    <p>Microorganisms that colonize a host without causing disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are transient microbiota?

    <p>Microorganisms that are present in an animal for a short time without causing disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is etiology?

    <p>The study of the cause of a disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is pathogenesis?

    <p>The manner in which a disease develops.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is infection?

    <p>Growth of microorganisms in the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is disease?

    <p>An abnormal state where part or all of the body is not properly adjusted or incapable of performing normal functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is symbiosis?

    <p>Living together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is commensalism?

    <p>One organism is benefited while the other is unaffected (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is mutualism?

    <p>Both organisms benefit (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are probiotics?

    <p>Live microbial cultures applied or ingested for beneficial effects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is parasitism?

    <p>One organism benefits while the other is harmed (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are opportunistic pathogens?

    <p>Microorganisms that do not cause disease under normal conditions but can become pathogenic under certain circumstances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a predisposing factor?

    <p>A factor that makes the body more susceptible to disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a reservoir of infection?

    <p>A habitat in which pathogens live and multiply.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Classification of Infectious Diseases

    • Symptoms: Subjective changes in body function felt by a patient due to a disease.
    • Signs: Objective alterations that can be observed and measured by a physician.

    Disease Patterns

    • Syndrome: A collection of symptoms and signs that consistently occur together with a specific disease.
    • Communicable Disease: Diseases that can be transmitted from one host to another, either directly or indirectly.
    • Contagious Disease: A category of communicable diseases that spread easily from person to person.
    • Non-communicable Disease: Diseases that cannot be spread between hosts.

    Disease Metrics

    • Incidence: The rate of new cases that develop in a population during a defined time frame.
    • Prevalence: The total number of cases present in a population at a specific time, regardless of when they arose.

    Disease Occurrence

    • Sporadic Disease: Occurs infrequently and irregularly within a population.
    • Endemic Disease: Constantly present in a particular geographic area or population.
    • Epidemic: Rapid increase in the number of cases within a short time frame across a larger population.
    • Pandemic: An epidemic that spreads globally, affecting a large number of people.

    Disease Duration and Severity

    • Acute Disease: Develops quickly but has a short duration.
    • Chronic Disease: Progresses slowly with less severe symptoms, often recurring over an extended period.
    • Subacute Disease: Features symptoms or signs that are intermediate between acute and chronic.
    • Latent Disease: The disease agent is inactive for a time, but can reactivate leading to symptoms.

    Infection and Immune Response

    • Herd Immunity: When a significant portion of a population is immune, thus offering protection to susceptible individuals.
    • Local Infection: Infection confined to a specific area of the body.
    • Systemic Infection: Dissemination of microorganisms throughout the body via blood or lymph.
    • Focal Infection: Local infection agents enter the bloodstream, spreading but remaining confined to specific areas.

    Infection Consequences

    • Sepsis: A toxic inflammatory condition from the spread of pathogens or their toxins, can be life-threatening.
    • Septicemia: Systemic infection due to the proliferation of pathogens in the bloodstream.
    • Bacteremia: The presence of bacteria circulating in the blood.
    • Toxemia: The presence of toxins in the bloodstream.
    • Viremia: The presence of viruses in the bloodstream.

    Types of Infections

    • Subclinical Infection (Inapparent): An infection that does not manifest noticeable symptoms.
    • Normal Flora (Normal Microbiota): Microorganisms that inhabit a host without causing disease.
    • Transient Microbiota: Temporary microorganisms in a host that do not cause illness.

    Disease Foundations

    • Etiology: The study of the causes of diseases.
    • Pathogenesis: The progression and development of diseases.
    • Infection: The growth of pathogens within the body.
    • Disease: A state of abnormal body function or health deviation.

    Biological Interactions

    • Symbiosis: A close association between two living organisms.
    • Commensalism: One organism benefits while the other remains unaffected.
    • Mutualism: Both organisms derive benefits from the relationship.
    • Probiotics: Live beneficial microbial cultures that promote health.
    • Parasitism: One organism benefits at the expense of another.

    Risk Factors

    • Opportunistic Pathogens: Normally non-pathogenic microorganisms that can cause disease in certain conditions.
    • Predisposing Factors: Conditions that increase susceptibility to diseases and influence their course.
    • Reservoir of Infection: A habitat where infectious agents live and multiply, potentially spreading to hosts.

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    Description

    This quiz provides flashcards on key terms related to the classification of infectious diseases. Each card defines essential concepts such as symptoms, signs, and syndromes. Test your knowledge and understanding of these fundamental topics in infectious disease.

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