Medical Terminology FINAL EXAM Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What does the root word 'Phleb/o' refer to?

Vein

What does '-poiesis' mean in medical terms?

Production/formation

What is indicated by the suffix '-scopy'?

Viewing

What does '-capnia' refer to?

Carbon dioxide in blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the medical term for Tympanic membrane?

Myring/o Signup and view all the answers

What does the root 'Kerat/o' refer to?

Cornea Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix '-plasty' refer to?

Plastic surgery Signup and view all the answers

What does '-itis' signify?

Inflammation of Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Hyper-' mean?

Excessively Signup and view all the answers

What does '-emia' refer to?

Condition of having such blood Signup and view all the answers

What does the prefix 'Endo' mean?

Within Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix '-ectasis' indicate?

Dilation/expansion Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Arthr/o' refer to?

Joint Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'Bronch/o'?

Bronchial tubes Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix '-ptysis' signify?

Spewing/expectoration Signup and view all the answers

What does the prefix 'Dys-' mean?

Abnormal Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix '-pnea' indicate?

Breathe Signup and view all the answers

What does 'phren/o' refer to?

Mind/diaphragm Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of 'rhin/o'?

Nose Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Leuk/o' signify?

White Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix '-penia' indicate?

Deficiency of Signup and view all the answers

What does 'xer/o' mean?

Dry Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Cutane/o' refer to?

Skin Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Kal/i' refer to?

Potassium Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Myel/o' refer to?

Spinal cord or bone marrow Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix '-cyte' mean?

Cell Signup and view all the answers

What does '-blast' refer to?

Embryonic/immature cell Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix '-lysis' signify?

Breakdown, separation, destruction, loosening Signup and view all the answers

What does 'PA/Lateral' stand for?

Posterior-Anterior, lateral Signup and view all the answers

What does 'CT Scan' refer to?

Computed Tomography scan Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Ultrasound (sonography)' use to produce images?

High-frequency sound waves Signup and view all the answers

What is 'Moh's Surgery' used for?

Treatment of skin cancer Signup and view all the answers

What is a 'Myelogram'?

X-ray study with dye injection into the spinal canal Signup and view all the answers

What are 'Cardiac Enzymes' used to monitor?

Heart muscle damage Signup and view all the answers

What is an 'Echocardiogram'?

Record obtained by echocardiography Signup and view all the answers

What is a 'Linear Accelerator'?

Device for accelerating charged particles Signup and view all the answers

What does 'In Vitro' mean?

Test done in glass in laboratory Signup and view all the answers

What is 'MRI' used for?

Producing detailed images using magnetic fields and radio waves Signup and view all the answers

What does 'WBC differential' determine?

Number of white blood cells and their percentage Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Hematocrit' measure?

Proportion of blood volume composed of red blood cells Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Albumin Level' indicate?

Main protein in human blood Signup and view all the answers

What is 'Alopecia'?

Hair loss Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Diaphoresis' refer to?

Sweating Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Erythema' mean?

Redness of the skin or mucous membranes Signup and view all the answers

What is 'Mucositis'?

Inflammation and ulceration of mucous membranes Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Fibrosis' refer to?

Increase in interstitial fibrous tissue Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Cyanosis' indicate?

Bluish discoloration Signup and view all the answers

What is 'Anaphylaxis'?

Severe allergic reaction Signup and view all the answers

What is 'Cushing Syndrome'?

Complex hormonal condition Signup and view all the answers

What is 'Graves Disease'?

Autoimmune disease leading to overproduction of thyroid hormones Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Diabetes mellitus' signify?

Disorder of carbohydrate metabolism Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Gynecomastia' refer to?

Excessive breast development in males Signup and view all the answers

What is 'Tetralogy of Fallot'?

Congenital heart defect Signup and view all the answers

What is 'Mitral Valve Prolapse'?

A disorder of the mitral valve Signup and view all the answers

What is 'DVT (Deep Vein Thrombosis)'?

Formation of a thrombus in a deep vein Signup and view all the answers

What is 'Anemia'?

Deficiency of red blood cells Signup and view all the answers

What is 'Osteoporosis'?

Decrease in bone mass and density Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Osteomyelitis' refer to?

Infectious inflammatory disease of bone Signup and view all the answers

What is 'Osteomalacia'?

Softening of the bones in adults Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Albinism' refer to?

Condition of lacking pigment Signup and view all the answers

What is 'Psoriasis'?

Chronic skin disease Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Pruritis' mean?

Localized or generalized itching Signup and view all the answers

What is 'Herpes'?

Inflammatory disease caused by herpesviruses Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Myopia' refer to?

Nearsightedness Signup and view all the answers

What is 'Otitis media'?

Inflammation of the middle ear Signup and view all the answers

What is 'Glaucoma'?

Disease causing loss of vision due to eye pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is 'Macular degeneration'?

Loss of central vision Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Tinnitus' refer to?

Ringing or roaring sounds heard internally Signup and view all the answers

What is a 'Bedsore'?

Sore from prolonged pressure on the skin Signup and view all the answers

What does 'COPD' stand for?

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Signup and view all the answers

What is 'Ischemia'?

Deficient blood supply to a body part Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Hodgkin's Disease' signify?

Neoplastic disease affecting lymph nodes Signup and view all the answers

What does 'HIV' stand for?

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Signup and view all the answers

What is 'Scoliosis'?

Lateral curvature of the spine Signup and view all the answers

What is 'Hemophilia'?

Serious bleeding disorder Signup and view all the answers

What is 'Kaposi Sarcoma'?

Neoplastic disease common in HIV patients Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'Cochlea'?

Part of the inner ear Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Modality' refer to in medical terms?

Therapeutic method or agent Signup and view all the answers

What is 'Radiation' used for?

Treatment of diseases Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Metastasis' refer to?

Spread of disease from initial site Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Remission' mean?

Period of health improvement during illness Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'orthopneic position'?

Sitting propped up in bed Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'Humerus'?

Long bone of the upper arm Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Atrophy' mean?

Gradual loss of muscle or flesh Signup and view all the answers

What is 'laminectomy'?

Surgical removal of the vertebra's posterior arch Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'Mandible'?

Lower jawbone Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Acetabulum' refer to?

Cup-shaped socket of the hip bone Signup and view all the answers

What is 'Bulla'?

Hollow, thin-walled bony prominence Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Atopy' mean?

Genetic predisposition to develop allergies Signup and view all the answers

What is 'endarterectomy'?

Surgical removal of the inner layer of an artery Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'Mitral Valve' do?

Guards opening between left atrium and left ventricle Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'SA node'?

Small mass of tissue serving as the heart's pacemaker Signup and view all the answers

What is 'Heparin' used for?

Prolonging the clotting time of blood Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'Spleen' do?

Filters blood and serves as a reservoir Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Interstitial' mean?

Situated within but not restricted to Signup and view all the answers

What is a 'Diuretic'?

Drug that causes water loss Signup and view all the answers

What is an 'anticonvulsant'?

Drug used to prevent seizures Signup and view all the answers

What is an 'Antipyretic'?

Pain reliever, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug Signup and view all the answers

What is a 'Beta Blocker'?

Drug that decreases heart rate and blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is a 'tranquilizer'?

Drug used to reduce anxiety and tension Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Medical Terminology Study Notes

Phleb/o: Refers to a vein; essential for understanding vascular terminology.
-poiesis: Indicates production or formation, commonly used in blood-related contexts (e.g., hematopoiesis).
-scopy: Denotes the act of viewing or examining, often used in diagnostic procedures (e.g., endoscopy).
-capnia: Relates to carbon dioxide levels in the blood, significant in respiratory and metabolic conditions.
Myring/o: Pertains to the tympanic membrane (eardrum), important in otology.
Kerat/o: Indicates the cornea, crucial for understanding eye anatomy and conditions (e.g., keratitis).
-plasty: Refers to surgical repair or reconstruction, utilized in various surgical contexts (e.g., rhinoplasty).
-itis: Signifies inflammation of an organ or tissue, critical in diagnosing inflammatory diseases (e.g., appendicitis).
Hyper-: Means excessively or above normal levels, used in various medical conditions (e.g., hypertension).
-emia: Indicates a condition of the blood, often used to describe types of blood disorders (e.g., anemia).
Endo-: Indicates "within" or "inside," often used in anatomical contexts (e.g., endoscopy).
-ectasis: Means dilation or expansion; relevant in respiratory and vascular contexts (e.g., bronchiectasis).
Arthr/o: Refers to a joint; key for understanding musculoskeletal disorders (e.g., arthritis).
Bronch/o: Relates to bronchial tubes; essential for respiratory system terminology.
-ptysis: Indicates spewing or expectoration, often used in respiratory contexts.
Dys-: Indicates abnormality, significant in medical descriptions of dysfunctions (e.g., dysphagia).
-pnea: Refers to breathing, used in various respiratory conditions (e.g., apnea).
Phren/o: Relates to diaphragm or mind, important in both respiratory and psychological contexts.
Rhin/o: Refers to the nose; important in otorhinolaryngology terminology.
Leuk/o: Indicates white, often used in contexts related to blood cells (e.g., leukemia).
-penia: Refers to deficiency of a substance; frequently used in hematology (e.g., leukopenia).
Xer/o: Signifies dryness, used in dermatological and other medical contexts (e.g., xerostomia).
Cutane/o: Refers to skin; vital for understanding dermatological conditions (e.g., cutaneous lesions).
Kal/i: Refers to potassium, essential in discussing electrolyte balance (e.g., hypokalemia).
Myel/o: Pertains to spinal cord or bone marrow, important in neurology and hematology contexts.
-cyte: Refers to a cell; a fundamental concept in cellular biology.
-blast: Indicates an embryonic or immature cell; key in developmental biology (e.g., osteoblast).
-lysis: Means breakdown, separation, or loosening; significant in medical diagnoses (e.g., hemolysis).
PA/Lateral: Stands for posterior-anterior view and lateral view, important in radiographic terminology.
CT Scan: Computed Tomography scan; produces detailed images of internal organs using X-rays.
Ultrasound (sonography): Imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize structures within the body.
Moh's Surgery: Treatment designed for skin cancer, focusing on removing cancerous tissue while preserving healthy tissue.
Myelogram: An X-ray study that involves dye injection into the spinal canal to assess nerve roots.
Cardiac Enzymes: Proteins from heart muscle cells; elevated levels indicate heart muscle injury.
Echocardiogram: A record obtained from echocardiography, crucial for assessing cardiac function.
Linear Accelerator: Device that accelerates charged particles for medical treatment, particularly in radiotherapy.
In Vitro: Tests or procedures conducted in a controlled environment outside a living organism.
MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Utilizes magnetic fields and radio waves to create detailed images of soft tissues and bones.
WBC differential: Determines the number and percentage of different types of white blood cells in blood analysis.
Hematocrit: Proportion of total blood volume composed of red blood cells, important for assessing anemia.
Albumin Level: Reflects the main protein in blood, key in regulating osmotic pressure.
Alopecia: Refers to hair loss; commonly discussed in dermatology.
Diaphoresis: Indicates excessive sweating, often related to medical conditions or physical responses.
Erythema: Redness of the skin or mucous membranes, significant in diagnosing inflammatory conditions.
Mucositis: Inflammation of mucous membranes lining the digestive tract; often seen in chemotherapy patients.
Fibrosis: Increased interstitial fibrous tissue; relevant in chronic diseases and organ dysfunction.
Cyanosis: Bluish discoloration of the skin, indicative of oxygen deprivation.
Anaphylaxis: Severe, life-threatening allergic reaction requiring immediate medical attention.
Cushing Syndrome: A complex hormonal condition affecting multiple body systems, often related to cortisol levels.
Graves Disease: Autoimmune disorder causing overproduction of thyroid hormones, leading to metabolic disturbances.
Diabetes mellitus: Disorder of carbohydrate metabolism characterized by insufficient insulin secretion or utilization.
Gynecomastia: Excessive breast development in males; often endocrinological in nature.
Tetralogy of Fallot: Congenital heart defect characterized by four specific heart abnormalities.
Mitral Valve Prolapse: Disorder where mitral valve flaps close incompletely, potentially causing sounds like clicks or murmurs.
DVT (Deep Vein Thrombosis): Condition involving thrombus formation in deep veins, may be asymptomatic or cause pain.
Anemia: Deficiency in red blood cells, leading to fatigue and weakness.
Osteoporosis: Condition characterized by decreased bone density, common in older women.
Osteomyelitis: Infectious disease of bone, often bacterial, leading to severe pain and potential tissue death.
Osteomalacia: Softening of bones in adults, akin to rickets in children.
Albinism: Genetic condition leading to a lack of pigmentation in skin, hair, and eyes.
Psoriasis: Chronic skin disease leading to red patches covered with scales, prevalent in dermatology.
Pruritis: Itching sensation due to nerve irritation, a common symptom in many dermatological conditions.
Herpes: Inflammatory skin diseases caused by herpesviruses, featuring clusters of vesicles.
Myopia: Condition where visual images focus in front of the retina, commonly known as nearsightedness.
Otitis media: Inflammation of the middle ear, often causing pain and potential hearing loss.
Glaucoma: Disease characterized by increased intraocular pressure leading to vision loss.
Macular degeneration: Gradual loss of central vision, often associated with aging.
Tinnitus: Perception of ringing or roaring sounds without external sound sources.
Bedsore (Decubitus ulcer): Sore from prolonged pressure on the skin, common in immobile patients.
COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease): Chronic condition causing irreversible airway obstruction.
Ischemia: Deficient blood supply to an area, typically due to arterial blockage.
Hodgkin's Disease: Neoplastic disease characterized by lymph node enlargement and progressive anemia.
HIV: Virus responsible for causing AIDS, affecting immune function.
Scoliosis: Lateral curvature of the spine, often requiring management for correction.
Hemophilia: Serious disorder causing prolonged bleeding due to clotting factor deficiencies.
Kaposi Sarcoma: Neoplastic disease associated with HIV and herpesvirus, often affecting skin and mucous membranes.
Cochlea: Inner ear structure responsible for hearing by converting sound waves to nerve signals.
Modality: Therapeutic methods or agents, exemplified by surgery or chemotherapy.
Radiation: Controlled application of energy used in treatment to target disease processes.
Metastasis: Spread of disease (e.g., cancer) from the primary site to other body locations.
Remission: Period during serious illness where signs and symptoms significantly diminish or disappear.
Orthopneic position: Sitting position propped by pillows to facilitate easier breathing.
Humerus: Long bone in the upper arm; vital for understanding arm anatomy.
Atrophy: Gradual muscle or tissue loss due to disuse or disease.
Laminectomy: Surgical procedure involving removal of part of a vertebra.
Mandible: Lower jawbone, crucial for dental and facial anatomy.
Acetabulum: The socket in the hip joint that receives the femur.
Bulla: A rounded, fluid-filled

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