Medical Terminology Final Exam

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Questions and Answers

What is gastrectomy?

removal of the gallbladder

inflammation of the stomach lining

surgical incision of the stomach

gastric resection (correct)

What does osteitis mean?

inflammation of a bone

What is cystoscopy?

visual examination of the urinary bladder

What does hepatoma refer to?

tumor of the liver Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not an endocrine gland?

Mammary gland Signup and view all the answers

What does iatrogenic mean?

pertaining to produced by treatment Signup and view all the answers

What is an electroencephalogram?

record of electricity in the brain Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of diagnosis?

is made on the basis of complete knowledge about the patient's condition Signup and view all the answers

What is a cancerous tumor called?

carcinoma Signup and view all the answers

What does biopsy refer to?

microscopic examination of living tissue Signup and view all the answers

What does cerebral mean?

pertaining to the largest part of the brain Signup and view all the answers

What is adenectomy?

removal of a gland Signup and view all the answers

What does anemia refer to?

decrease in the number of red blood cells or hemoglobin within red blood cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a pathologist?

one who performs autopsies and reads biopsies Signup and view all the answers

What does arthralgia mean?

pain in a joint Signup and view all the answers

What does leukemia indicate?

increase in numbers of malignant white blood cells Signup and view all the answers

What is an ophthalmoscope used for?

instrument to view the eye Signup and view all the answers

What is a thrombocyte?

a platelet Signup and view all the answers

What does psychosis mean?

abnormal condition of the mind Signup and view all the answers

What does rhinitis refer to?

inflammation of the nose Signup and view all the answers

What is cytology?

study of cells Signup and view all the answers

What does transhepatic mean?

pertaining to through the liver Signup and view all the answers

What does nephrosis refer to?

abnormal condition of the kidney Signup and view all the answers

What does ostectomy mean?

incision of a bone Signup and view all the answers

What is hyperglycemia?

high level of sugar in the blood Signup and view all the answers

What does catabolism mean?

the process by which food is burned to release energy Signup and view all the answers

What is the endoplasmic reticulum's function?

part of the cell where formation of proteins occurs Signup and view all the answers

What does metabolism encompass?

sum of the chemical processes in a cell Signup and view all the answers

What is a karyotype?

picture of nuclear structures arranged in numerical order Signup and view all the answers

What are mitochondria?

part of a cell where catabolism primarily occurs Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cell membrane?

allows materials to pass into and out of the cell Signup and view all the answers

What does the diaphragm do?

muscular wall separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities Signup and view all the answers

What is the mediastinum?

the space in the chest between the lungs Signup and view all the answers

What does adipose mean?

pertaining to fat Signup and view all the answers

What is the pharynx?

throat Signup and view all the answers

What does sarcoma refer to?

malignant tumor of flesh tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is a craniotomy?

incision of the skull Signup and view all the answers

What does a histologist study?

tissues Signup and view all the answers

What is an epithelial cell?

skin cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the pleural cavity?

space between the membranes around the lungs Signup and view all the answers

What does viscera refer to?

internal organs Signup and view all the answers

In which cavity is the pituitary gland located?

cranial Signup and view all the answers

What does larynx refer to?

voice box Signup and view all the answers

What is the tailbone also known as?

coccyx Signup and view all the answers

What does supine mean?

lying on the back Signup and view all the answers

What are the hypochondriac regions?

the upper lateral regions of the abdomen, beneath the ribs Signup and view all the answers

What does the RUQ contain?

Liver Signup and view all the answers

What does distal mean?

pertaining to a plane that divides the body into right and left portions Signup and view all the answers

What is a disk in anatomy?

a piece of cartilage between backbones Signup and view all the answers

What does amniocentesis refer to?

surgical puncture to remove fluid from the sac around the embryo Signup and view all the answers

What does tonsillitis refer to?

inflammation of lymph tissue in the throat Signup and view all the answers

What does -ptosis mean?

falling, dropping, prolapse Signup and view all the answers

What is ischemia?

blood is held back from an area Signup and view all the answers

What does necr/o refer to?

death Signup and view all the answers

What does acromegaly mean?

enlargement of extremities after puberty due to pituitary gland problem Signup and view all the answers

What does otalgia mean?

pain in the ear Signup and view all the answers

What does chronic mean?

continuing over a long period of time Signup and view all the answers

What is an arteriole?

small artery Signup and view all the answers

What does -scope refer to?

instrument to visually examine Signup and view all the answers

What does cystocele mean?

hernia of the urinary bladder Signup and view all the answers

What does osteogenic sarcoma refer to?

tumor of bone marrow (cancerous) Signup and view all the answers

What is a myelogram?

x-ray record of the spinal cord Signup and view all the answers

What does -cocci mean?

berry-shaped (spheroidal) bacteria Signup and view all the answers

What is a polymorphonuclear leukocyte?

neutrophil Signup and view all the answers

What does -graph mean?

instrument to record Signup and view all the answers

What does -oid mean?

resembling Signup and view all the answers

What is an eosinophil?

leukocyte Signup and view all the answers

What does intercostal mean?

pertaining to between the ribs Signup and view all the answers

What does contralateral mean?

pertaining to the opposite side Signup and view all the answers

What is exophthalmos?

protrusion of an eyeball Signup and view all the answers

What is syndactyly?

a congenital anomaly Signup and view all the answers

What is parasitism in biology?

an example of symbiosis Signup and view all the answers

What does syndrome mean?

symptoms precede an illness Signup and view all the answers

What does ante cibum mean?

before meals Signup and view all the answers

What are antibodies?

protein substances made by leukocytes Signup and view all the answers

What does symphysis refer to?

bones grow together, as in the pelvis Signup and view all the answers

What is ultrasonography?

sound waves and echoes are used to create an image Signup and view all the answers

What does metamorphosis mean?

change in shape or form Signup and view all the answers

What does hypertrophy refer to?

increase in cell size, increased development Signup and view all the answers

What does hyperglycemia mean?

excessive sugar in the blood Signup and view all the answers

What does retroperitoneal mean?

behind the abdomen Signup and view all the answers

What are antigens?

substances that provoke an immune response Signup and view all the answers

What does relapse mean?

return of disease symptoms Signup and view all the answers

What does dia- mean?

complete, through Signup and view all the answers

What is an abductor muscle?

carries a limb away from the body Signup and view all the answers

What does dyspnea refer to?

difficult breathing Signup and view all the answers

What does brady- mean?

slow Signup and view all the answers

Where are the parathyroid glands located?

on the dorsal side of an endocrine gland in the neck Signup and view all the answers

What is recombinant DNA?

gene from one organism is inserted into another organism Signup and view all the answers

What does tachycardia mean?

rapid heartbeat Signup and view all the answers

What does epithelium refer to?

surface cells that line internal organs and are found in the skin Signup and view all the answers

What does percutaneous mean?

through the skin Signup and view all the answers

What does duoden/o refer to?

the combining form for the first part of the large intestine Signup and view all the answers

What does celiac mean?

pertaining to the abdomen Signup and view all the answers

What does peristalsis refer to?

muscular wave-like movement to transport food through the digestive system Signup and view all the answers

What does pulp refer to?

part of the tooth that contains a rich supply of nerves and blood vessels Signup and view all the answers

What does gingiv/o refer to?

gums Signup and view all the answers

What does buccal mean?

pertaining to the cheek Signup and view all the answers

What does hyperbilirubinemia refer to?

high blood levels of a pigment released by the liver with bile Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Medical Terminology Study Notes

Gastrectomy: Surgical procedure involving gastric resection.
Osteitis: Condition marked by inflammation of bone tissue.
Cystoscopy: Procedure for visual examination of the urinary bladder.
Hepatoma: Tumor located in the liver, often associated with liver disease.
Endocrine Glands: Notably, the mammary gland is not classified as an endocrine gland.
Iatrogenic: Refers to conditions generated by treatment methods or procedures.
Electroencephalogram: Diagnostic test that records electrical activity in the brain.
Diagnosis: Determined based on comprehensive knowledge of a patient's medical status.
Carcinoma: Type of cancerous tumor affecting epithelial tissues.
Biopsy: Microscopic examination of living tissue for diagnostic purposes.
Cerebral: Pertains to the largest part of the brain responsible for higher cognitive functions.
Adenectomy: Surgical procedure involving the removal of a gland.
Anemia: Condition characterized by a decrease in the number of red blood cells or hemoglobin.
Pathologist: Medical professional who conducts autopsies and interprets biopsy results.
Arthralgia: Pain experienced in a joint.
Leukemia: Malignancy resulting in an increase of abnormal white blood cells.
Ophthalmoscope: Instrument used to view the interior of the eye.
Thrombocyte: Another term for platelets, essential for blood clotting.
Psychosis: An abnormal mental condition characterized by a disconnection from reality.
Rhinitis: Inflammation of the nasal passages.
Cytology: The study of individual cells, their structure, and function.
Transhepatic: Refers to conditions or procedures that occur through the liver.
Nephrosis: Abnormal kidney condition, can refer to a range of renal diseases.
Ostectomy: Surgical incision made into a bone.
Hyperglycemia: Elevated sugar levels in the bloodstream.
Catabolism: Biochemical process where food is broken down for energy.
Endoplasmic Reticulum: Cell organelle involved in protein synthesis and processing.
Metabolism: The total of all chemical reactions within cells.
Karyotype: Visual representation of a cell’s nuclear structures, organized by chromosome number.
Mitochondria: Cell organelles responsible for energy production through catabolic processes.
Cell Membrane: Biological barrier that regulates the entry and exit of substances in cells.
Diaphragm: Muscular structure separating the thoracic and abdominal cavities, critical for respiration.
Mediastinum: Chest space located between the lungs, contains vital organs including the heart.
Adipose Tissue: Connective tissue that stores fat; "adipose" means pertaining to fat.
Pharynx: Anatomical term for the throat, part of the digestive and respiratory tracts.
Sarcoma: Cancerous tumor originating from connective tissues such as bone or muscle.
Craniotomy: Surgical procedure involving an incision into the skull.
Histologist: Specialist who studies tissues and their cellular composition.
Epithelial Cells: Cells that form the outer layer of the skin; crucial for barrier and protective roles.
Pleural Cavity: Space surrounding the lungs, vital for respiratory function.
Viscera: Refers to internal organs in the body, especially those within the abdominal cavity.
Cranial Cavity: The cavity within the skull containing the brain, where the pituitary gland is located.
Larynx: Also known as the voice box, essential for phonation and respiration.
Coccyx: Commonly known as the tailbone, the remnant of vertebrate tail structure.
Supine: Term used to describe a position lying on the back.
Hypochondriac Regions: The upper lateral abdominal areas located beneath the ribs.
RUQ (Right Upper Quadrant): Contains major organs such as the liver.
Distal: Anatomical term indicating a position away from the center of the body or point of attachment.
Disk: Cartilage structure located between vertebrae providing cushioning and support.
Amniocentesis: Procedure to extract amniotic fluid for testing during pregnancy.
Tonsillitis: Condition characterized by inflammation of the tonsils in the throat.
-ptosis: Suffix indicating falling or drooping, often used in medical terminology.
Ischemia: Condition where blood supply is restricted to tissues, causing oxygen deprivation.
Necr/o: Prefix indicating death, commonly used in terms related to necrosis or death of tissue.
Acromegaly: Disorder marked by abnormal enlargement of the extremities, often arising from a pituitary issue.
Otalgia: Medical term for ear pain.
Chronic: Describes a condition persisting over an extended period.
Arterioles: Small vessels branching off arteries, playing a key role in controlling blood flow.
-scope: Suffix denoting an instrument used for visual examination.
Cystocele: Herniation of the urinary bladder, often associated with pelvic floor issues.
Osteogenic Sarcoma: A type of malignant tumor originating in the bone marrow.
Myelogram: Imaging technique that produces an X-ray of the spinal cord and its surrounding structures.
-cocci: Suffix referring to berry-shaped (spherical) bacteria, common in microbiology.
Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte: A type of white blood cell known as a neutrophil, vital for immune response.
-graph: Instrument used for recording data, typically in medical imaging.
-oid: Suffix meaning resembling or like.
Eosinophil: A category of white blood cell effective in combating parasites.
Intercostal: Pertaining to muscles or structures located between the ribs.
Contralateral: Refers to structures or functions on the opposite side of the body.
Exophthalmos: Condition characterized by the protrusion of one or both eyeballs.
Syndactyly: A congenital anomaly where two or more fingers or toes are fused together.
Parasitism: Biological relationship where one organism benefits at the expense of another, a type of symbiosis.
Syndrome: A collection of symptoms that often occur together, indicating a specific health issue.
Ante Cibum: Latin term meaning "before meals", often used in medical advice.
Antibodies: Proteins produced by leukocytes to fight infections and foreign substances.
Symphysis: Joint structure where bones grow together, as seen in the pelvic area.
Ultrasonography: Imaging technique using sound waves to visualize internal structures.
Metamorphosis: Process of change in the shape or form of an organism, often used in developmental biology.
Hypertrophy: Increase in cell size leading to tissue or organ enlargement.
Hyperglycemia: Condition of excessive blood sugar levels, commonly related to diabetes.
Retroperitoneal: Anatomical term indicating a position behind the abdominal cavity.
Antigens: Substances that can provoke an immune response, often linked to specific pathogens like streptococci.
Relapse: Recurrence of disease symptoms after a period of improvement.
Dia-: Prefix meaning complete or through, often used to indicate thorough action or processes.
Abductor Muscle: Muscle functionally responsible for moving a limb away from the body's midline.
Dyspnea: Medical term for difficulty in breathing, indicative of respiratory distress.
Brady-: Prefix indicating slowness, often used in medical terms to describe heart rates or movements.
Parathyroid Glands: Small glands located behind the thyroid, responsible for regulating calcium levels in the blood.
Recombinant DNA: Genetic material formed by combining DNA from different sources, critical in biotechnology.
Tachycardia: Medical term for an unusually rapid heartbeat.
Epithelium: Tissue forming the outer layer of organs and skin, involved in protection and absorption.
Percutaneous: Term indicating procedures performed through the skin.
Duoden/o: Combining form for the duodenum, the first part of the small intestine.
Celiac: Adjective related to the abdomen, often used in medical diagnoses.
Peristalsis: Wave-like muscular contractions that facilitate the movement of food through the digestive tract.
Pulp: Soft tissue within teeth containing nerves and blood vessels, crucial for tooth vitality.
Gingiv/o: Combining form referring to the gums.
Buccal: Pertaining to the cheek area within the oral cavity.
Hyperbilirubinemia: Condition of elevated bilirubin levels in the blood, often leading to jaundice.

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