American Allied Health Practice Exam
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following body systems protects vital organs and gives body structure?

  • Skeletal System (correct)
  • Circulatory System
  • Nervous System
  • Muscular System

    • What position should the bevel of the needle be in before entering a vein?

    Facing upward

    The correct term for 'decrease in the number of circulating red blood cells' is:

    Anemia

    The correct term that refers to the destruction of blood cells is:

    <p>Hemolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The correct term for 'white blood cells' is:

    <p>Leukocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For blood gas collections, which gauge needles are most often used?

    <p>21g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which specimen requires chilling during transfer to the lab?

    <p>Arterial blood gases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Phlebotomy skills would not include?

    <p>Handling patient correspondence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does CBC stand for?

    <p>Complete blood count</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the functional unit of the nervous system?

    <p>Neuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What promotes the breakdown of glycogen back into glucose?

    <p>Glucagon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    One group of inherited disorders marked by increased bleeding times is known as:

    <p>Hemophilia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what angle should a venipuncture needle puncture the skin?

    <p>15 to 30 degrees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where should blood never be collected from a patient?

    <p>AV shunt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What test is used to diagnose whooping cough, croup, and pneumonia mainly in children?

    <p>NP culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The correct term for 'a cell that aids in the blood clotting process' is:

    <p>Platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The middle and ring fingers are the most common digits used to obtain a dermal puncture in adults.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The most common procedure for collecting many types of urine specimens is known as the:

    <p>Midstream clean catch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    HIPAA is:

    <p>Designed to keep personal health information private</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is not a laboratory test that assesses for muscle disorders?

    <p>C&amp;S</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hepatitis involves which organ?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If you encounter a hazardous chemical that you need more information about, where can you quickly and accurately locate that information?

    <p>Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Being free from contamination or germs is referred to as what term?

    <p>Asepsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Implied consent form a patient to draw blood would be obtained by which action?

    <p>The patient extends their arm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When collecting a sample to determine blood alcohol levels, what color tube should be used?

    <p>Gray</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a sample needs to be diluted, what should be added?

    <p>Diluent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Potassium EDTA binds to what element in the blood?

    <p>Calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A failure to fast when ordered can impact a blood sample in which of the following ways?

    <p>Increasing its turbidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If you notice that the name of a patient is spelled differently on the requisition and a patient's armband, what is the best course of action?

    <p>Visit with your manager to verify the information and have it corrected</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Anchoring a vein properly requires which of the following actions?

    <p>Placing the thumb of your free hand below the vein and stretching the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The most common cause of contamination in blood cultures is which of the following?

    <p>Improper site preparation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another name for a thrombocyte?

    <p>Platelet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Inserting a needle at the point of divergence between veins can result in what?

    <p>An increased chance of a hematoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Approximately how many liters of blood is generally found in the adult human body?

    <p>5 liters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A failure to allow alcohol to completely dry during site preparation can lead to what?

    <p>Hemolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process of maintaining control of a specimen from the point of collection until testing is complete is referred to as what?

    <p>Chain of custody</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not required on a correctly completed requisition?

    <p>Patient history</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Workplace safety in a lab is governed by which agency?

    <p>Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the proper sequence for putting on PPE?

    <p>Gown, Mask, Gloves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should a sharps container be disposed of?

    <p>When it is 3/4 full</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The additive 3.2% sodium citrate results in what?

    <p>The prevention of clotting by binding calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Prior to drawing from a sleeping patient, what should be done?

    <p>Gently wake them up, and when they are ready, request they provide verification of their identity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of draw is generally performed for patients in infancy?

    <p>Heel stick</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following would not be required for a finger stick?

    <p>Syringe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of capillaries?

    <p>They are found in every square inch of the human body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action can prevent bruises from forming due to a blood draw?

    <p>Applying firm pressure immediately after and keeping a bandage on for several hours.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test order should be given the most priority?

    <p>STAT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a primary method of venipuncture?

    <p>Lancet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is blood drawn in a specific order?

    <p>To avoid cross-contamination of additives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When a sample is rejected for QNS, what is the appropriate response?

    <p>Collect another sample with sufficient quantity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in dealing with a patient that appears nervous?

    <p>Assess their cause for concern and provide reassurance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can reduce your risk of infection after being exposed to a bloodborne pathogen such as Hepatitis B or HIV?

    <p>Taking a post-exposure prophylaxis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When a patient's vein is small, thin, or fragile, what would be the most appropriate equipment selection?

    <p>Syringe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following needle gauge sizes has the largest bore (opening)?

    <p>18 G</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long should a tube be pre-warmed in an incubator prior to collecting a warmed specimen, such as Cold Agglutinins?

    <p>30 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cleansing agent is typically not used on venipuncture for the collection of blood cultures or blood alcohol specimens?

    <p>Isopropyl alcohol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an acceptable method of patient identification?

    <p>Requesting that the patient provide their name and date of birth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a patient indicates previous experiences of fainting during venipuncture, what should be done?

    <p>You may move them to an area in which they can lie down during the draw.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following tests does not require fasting?

    <p>Complete blood count (CBC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the smallest veins in the human body?

    <p>Venules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following actions is standard practice when collecting a blood smear?

    <p>Cleaning a slide with isopropyl alcohol and letting it dry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the smallest gauge needle used for venipuncture?

    <p>23g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is not impacted by fasting?

    <p>Blood culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a standard vacuum tube size?

    <p>20 ml</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of blood culture contamination?

    <p>Improper skin preparation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what circumstances should a tube be pre-labeled?

    <p>Never</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many unsuccessful attempts at venipuncture are allowed before seeking additional assistance is required?

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For elderly patients, in what circumstances would a capillary puncture be performed rather than venipuncture?

    <p>The patient has a tendency to form clots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What test requires that it be chilled in ice right after collection?

    <p>Arterial gases, ammonia, lactic acid, pyruvate, and ACTH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If one is used, when should the tourniquet be removed?

    <p>Prior to withdrawal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum depth a heel stick should penetrate?

    <p>2.0 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what location are nutrients and gases exchanged in the body?

    <p>Capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Septicemia can be detected by what type of test?

    <p>Blood culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which color tube needs to be filled completely?

    <p>Blue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be done to make drawing easier on a patient with rolling veins?

    <p>You can anchor the vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If an intoxicated person refuses a blood sample to determine the presence of alcohol or drugs at the request of a police officer, what is the best course of action?

    <p>Request that the officer get a warrant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When performing quality control checks, tubes should be discarded under which circumstances?

    <p>The stopper has small cracks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should tubes be labeled?

    <p>After the draw, but before exiting the patient's room</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long should you observe the site prior to bandaging?

    <p>5 seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When washing your hands, why is it important to stand back from the sink?

    <p>Contamination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antiseptic should not be used on pre-term infants or those under 2 months of age?

    <p>Chlorhexidine gluconate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When preparing to draw a gentamycin peak and trough, what element should the phlebotomist pay particular attention to?

    <p>The timing instructions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What field is unnecessary on an infant's blood sample label?

    <p>Infant's first name</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test requires the collection of both blood and urine at specific intervals?

    <p>Glucose tolerance testing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test requires the sample to be protected from light?

    <p>Bilirubin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For adult patients, what is the maximum length lancet that should be used for a fingerstick?

    <p>2.2 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If you experience a patient pumping their fists during a blood draw, what can you do?

    <p>Politely explain to them that this can elevate ionized calcium and potassium levels and request that they stop</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During blood coagulation, what is formed?

    <p>A fibrin clot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The veins of patients undergoing chemotherapy are especially challenging for venipuncture due to what characteristics?

    <p>They are smaller, less elastic, and sometimes sclerosed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When performing a dermal puncture, where should the puncture be made?

    <p>Perpendicular to the fingerprints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood vessels are a single cell in thickness?

    <p>Capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To protect blood constituents that are light-sensitive, the phlebotomist should:

    <p>Wrap the tube in aluminum foil after collection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following veins is the most common second choice, after the median cubital vein, when drawing a blood sample?

    <p>Cephalic vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The most common HAI (previously known as nosocomial) laboratory infection is:

    <p>Hepatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What test is used to diagnose hypoglycemia?

    <p>5 hour oral GTT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Timed specimens are most frequently collected to monitor:

    <p>Medication levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum amount of time an infant heel warming device should be applied for?

    <p>3-5 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the functional unit of the kidney known as?

    <p>Medulla</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common chemistry test performed by means of POCT?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Plasma consists of what percentage of total blood volume?

    <p>45</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Body Systems and Terminology

    • The Skeletal System provides structure and protects vital organs.
    • Anemia refers to a decrease in circulating red blood cells.
    • Hemolysis is the destruction of blood cells.
    • Leukocytes are white blood cells essential for immune response.

    Phlebotomy Techniques

    • Before entering a vein, the needle's bevel should face upward.
    • A 21g needle is standard for blood gas collections.
    • Venipuncture should be performed at an angle between 15 to 30 degrees.
    • Blood should never be collected from an AV shunt.

    Patient Safety and Preparation

    • Asepsis means being free from contamination or germs.
    • Patients must be properly identified by asking for their name and date of birth.
    • When dealing with nervous patients, reassure them and identify their concerns.
    • If a patient has a history of fainting, move them to a lying position during the draw.

    Sample Collection Procedures

    • Arterial blood gases require chilling during transport.
    • A Midstream clean catch is commonly used for urine samples.
    • For blood alcohol levels, a gray tube should be used.
    • The Chain of custody is crucial for specimen control from collection to testing.

    Safety Regulations

    • HIPAA is focused on the privacy of personal health information.
    • OSHA governs workplace safety in laboratory settings.
    • Contaminated blood cultures often result from improper site preparation.

    Effective Practices

    • Apply firm pressure after blood draws to prevent bruising.
    • Tubes should be labeled after the draw, but before leaving the patient's room.
    • Sharps containers should be disposed of when 3/4 full.

    Laboratory Tests and Conditions

    • The Complete Blood Count (CBC) does not require fasting.
    • Blood culture contamination is frequently due to inadequate skin preparation.
    • Conditions like thrombocytopenia can be indicated by the presence of platelets during a sample analysis.

    Equipment and Techniques

    • A heel stick is used for infants; the maximum penetration depth is 2.0 mm.
    • Capillaries are where nutrient and gas exchange occurs; they are a single cell thick.
    • Use a syringe for patients with fragile veins.

    Additional Important Facts

    • The most common laboratory infection from HAIs is Hepatitis.
    • The functional unit of the nervous system is a Neuron.
    • Plasma constitutes approximately 45% of total blood volume.

    Special Tests and Considerations

    • The 5-hour oral glucose tolerance test (GTT) is utilized to diagnose hypoglycemia.
    • A Bilirubin test sample must be protected from light.
    • The most common chemistry test conducted via POCT is Glucose.

    Personal Care and Follow-Up

    • When interacting with a patient, ensure comfort and proper communication.
    • Assess for potential risks of infection post-exposure to bloodborne pathogens.
    • Always proceed with dignity and respect for the patient's condition during procedures.

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    Test your knowledge with this comprehensive practice exam for American Allied Health. These flashcards cover essential topics such as body systems, medical terminology, and procedures. Perfect for students preparing for their health care certifications.

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