Medical Terminology - Eye Quiz

Medical Terminology - Eye

• Ophthalmo/Oculo: Related to the eye
  • Examples: Ophthalmology (medical specialty), Ophthalmologist (specialist), Ophthalmoscopy (examining eye fundus), Xerophthalmia (dry eye)
• Eye Anatomy:
  • Iris: Colored part of the eye
  • Pupil: Opening in the iris
  • Cornea: Transparent front part of the eye
  • Lens: Focuses light
  • Vitreous: Jelly-like substance filling the eye
  • Retina: Light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye
  • Macula: Central part of the retina essential for sharp vision
  • Optic Nerve: Carries visual signals to the brain

Eye Diagnostic Tools

• Ophthalmoscope: Device used to examine the interior of the eye through the pupil

Eye Conditions

• Exophthalmos: Bulging of the eyeball outside the eye socket
• Endophthalmos: Displacement of the eyeball back into the eye socket
• Endophthalmitis: Inflammation of intraocular fluids (vitreous and aqueous)
• Panophthalmitis: Inflammation of all the eye coats including intraocular structure

Eye Prefixes & Suffixes

• Oculo: Eye
  • Examples: Ocular nerve, Ocular muscles, Extraocular muscles
• Mio/Myo: Decrease pupil size
• Mydriasis/Mydriatic: Increase pupil size

Conjunctiva

• Conjunctive: Mucous membrane covering the sclera
  • Examples: Conjunctivitis, Conjunctival hemorrhage

Kerato

• Kerato: Cornea
  • Example: Keratitis (Inflammation of the cornea)
• Keratoplasty: Reconstruction of the cornea using a corneal graft

Keratoconjunctivitis

• Keratoconjunctivitis: Inflammation of the cornea and conjunctiva

Irido

• Irido/Iris: Iris
  • Examples: Iritis, Iridectomy, Iridocyclitis
• Cyclo/Ciliary body: Ciliary body
  • Examples: Cyclitis, Cycloplegia, Cyclospasm

Blephar

• Blephar: Eyelid
  • Example: Blepharitis (inflammation of the eyelid)

Lens

• Cataract: Progressive opacity of the lens of the eye

Other Eye Conditions

• Glaucoma: Disease of the eye characterized by increased intraocular pressure, leading to optic nerve atrophy and blindness if untreated
• Myopia (Nearsightedness): Parallel rays are focused in front of the retina
• Hypermetropia (Farsightedness): Parallel rays are focused behind the retina;
• Presbyopia: Similar to hypermetropia but occurs with aging.