80 Questions
What is an extrinsic factor of asthma mentioned in the text?
House dust mite faeces
Which factor is classified as an intrinsic factor of asthma?
Bronchial hyper-reactivity an atopy
What is a characteristic symptom of asthma according to the text?
Decreased FEV1/FVC ratio and Morning dipping
How can asthma be detected based on the information provided?
Allergen provocation test
Which management approach is NOT listed for managing asthma in the text?
Antibiotics
What fungal infection can be caused by an asthma inhaler according to the text?
Oral candidiasis
What type of dyspnoea occurs when a person is awakened by shortness of breath?
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnoea
Which upper respiratory tract infection is characterized by laryngeal oedema and a hoarse voice?
Laryngo-tracheo-bronchitis
What causes sinusitis, leading to pain and inflammation in the sinuses?
Obstructed antral ostia
Which virus causes the common cold?
Rhinovirus
What is the main characteristic noise associated with upper airway obstruction during inhalation?
Stridor
Which upper respiratory tract infection is commonly known as a sore throat?
Pharyngitis
What is the characteristic feature of asthma related to airway responsiveness?
Hyper-responsive airways
Neuraminidase in Orthomyxovirus is responsible for:
Breaching the mucosal membrane
Haemagglutinin in Orthomyxovirus is primarily for:
Adhesion to surfaces
What type of dyspnoea occurs when a person is awakened by shortness of breath?
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnoea
Which upper respiratory tract infection is characterized by laryngeal oedema and a hoarse voice?
Laryngo-tracheo-bronchitis
What causes sinusitis, leading to pain and inflammation in the sinuses?
Mucosal oedema
Which virus causes the common cold?
Rhinovirus
What is the main characteristic noise associated with upper airway obstruction during inhalation?
Stridor
What is a characteristic feature of asthma related to airway responsiveness?
Reversible airway obstruction
What is an extrinsic factor of asthma mentioned in the text?
Viral infection
Neuraminidase in Orthomyxovirus is responsible for:
Breaching the mucosal membrane
Haemagglutinin in Orthomyxovirus is primarily for:
Surface antigens for adhesion
Neuraminidase in Orthomyxovirus is responsible for:
Breaching the mucosal membrane
Which factor is most likely to exacerbate asthma symptoms in atopic patients?
Dust mites fecal matter
What is the main reason behind the characteristic 'morning dipping' of asthma symptoms?
Circadian rhythm-based worsening of inflammation and mucus secretion
Which of the following would be an intrinsic factor contributing to bronchial hyper-reactivity in asthma?
Atopy related to a specific gene on chromosome 11
How can asthma inhaler use lead to a fungal infection, and what preventive measure is recommended?
Resulting in oral candidiasis - Using a spacer with the inhaler
Which of the following should be avoided in dental treatment of asthmatic patients due to the risk of candida overgrowth?
Administration of NSAIDs
What component of asthma management is focused on maintaining adequate airway hydration?
Intravenous hydration
'Barrel chest' is a sign seen in asthmatic patients due to:
Decreased lung movements and hyperinflation
'Quietening of voice' in asthmatic patients could be attributed to:
Increased mucus secretion in the vocal cords
'Allergen provocation test' is a method used for detecting asthma by:
Exposing patients to suspected allergens under controlled conditions
What can be a significant cause for worsening asthma symptoms over time?
Heightened sensitivity to allergens triggering bronchoconstriction
What is the primary cause of excess mucus production in asthmatic patients?
Increased mucus secretions
Which factor contributes to asthma by inducing inflammation in the airway walls?
Pollution
What is a common symptom of asthma that is often worse in the early morning?
Wheezing
Which sign of asthma is characterized by a decrease in movements and hyperinflation of the chest (barrel chest)?
Increased expiratory time
How can asthma exacerbation be avoided during dental treatments?
Using a corticosteroid inhaler like beclomethasone with rinsing
What is an effective preventive measure to avoid oral candidiasis caused by asthma inhalers?
Rinsing after using the inhaler
What is the primary cause of sinusitis according to the text?
Obstruction of antral ostia due to mucosal oedema
Which upper respiratory tract infection is characterized by inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi?
Laryngo-tracheo-bronchitis
What is the common cause of pharyngitis as mentioned in the text?
Viral infection
Which respiratory condition is characterized by coughing up blood?
Tuberculosis
What defines the sound known as 'wheeze' in the context provided?
Expiratory airway noise
What distinguishes orthopnoea from paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea based on the text?
Onset of symptoms related to posture
What is a common cause of lung cancer according to the text?
Exposure to coal dust
Which type of lung cancer is characterized by rapid growth rate and early metastasis?
Non-small cell lung cancer
What clinical feature of lung cancer involves damage to the cervical sympathetic chain?
Horner’s Syndrome
What is a systemic clinical feature of lung cancer related to abnormal hormone production according to the text?
Weight loss
Which condition is defined as the inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi?
Chronic bronchitis
What metastatic clinical feature of lung cancer can lead to muscle disorders according to the text?
Neurological deficits
What distinguishes small cell lung cancer from non-small cell lung cancer?
Central location in the lungs
'Hoarse voice' in lung cancer patients is primarily due to the involvement of which nerve?
Vagus nerve
'Jaundice' as a symptom in lung cancer most likely indicates metastasis to which organ?
'Distended neck veins' from SVC obstruction
Which local clinical feature of lung cancer can result in unilateral ptosis and miosis?
Horner’s Syndrome
What is the primary cause of chronic bronchitis?
Long-term exposure to irritants
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for chronic bronchitis?
Regular exercise
How is chronic bronchitis diagnosed?
Blood tests, lung function tests, chest x-rays
What are the common symptoms of chronic bronchitis?
Shortness of breath and chronic cough
What treatments are commonly used for chronic bronchitis?
Bronchodilators and steroids
How is emphysema diagnosed pathologically?
Permanent enlargement and destruction of airspaces distal to terminal bronchioles
What are common symptoms of emphysema?
"Blue bloaters" appearance and severe dyspnea
Why is oxygen therapy NOT recommended for chronic bronchitis?
It increases CO2 retention in the body
What are two common signs and symptoms of pneumonia?
Pyrexia - Pleuretic chest pain
Which investigation is NOT typically used to detect pneumonia?
MRI scan
What is a key treatment used for pneumonia?
Oxygen for hypoxia
What syndrome causes aspiration pneumonia?
Mendelson's syndrome
What can cause a lung abscess?
Foreign body
What is the primary cause of tuberculosis?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Why should dental staff be vaccinated with BCG, as per the text?
Due to the dental relevance of TB and its notifiable nature
What is the reason for postponing treatment for patients with known smear-positive pulmonary TB?
Due to the high cross-infection risk and potential co-infection with HIV
What side effect is commonly associated with Rifampicin, as mentioned in the text?
Induced liver enzymes
What does Isoniazid commonly cause, according to the text?
Polyneuropathy
In what period can M. tuberculosis survive on equipment and surfaces, based on the text?
Up to 2 weeks
What is the main characteristic tissue change in sarcoidosis?
Granulomas in organs
What distinguishes Wegener's granulomatosis according to the text?
Inflammation of blood vessels in organs
What is the result of macrophage failure due to inhaled inorganic dusts in pneumoconioses?
Chronic inflammatory tissue mass
What is a characteristic symptom of anaphylaxis, as per the text?
Difficulty breathing
Test your knowledge on medical terminology related to dyspnoea, wheeze, stridor, and haemoptysis. Learn about different types of dyspnoea, characteristics of wheeze and stridor, and causes of haemoptysis.
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