Medical Terminology: Dyspnoea, Wheeze, Stridor, Haemoptysis Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is an extrinsic factor of asthma mentioned in the text?

  • Asthma gene on chromosome 11
  • Atopy
  • Bronchial hyper-reactivity
  • House dust mite faeces (correct)

    • Which factor is classified as an intrinsic factor of asthma?

  • Pollens
  • Dermatophagoides pteromysinus
  • Bronchial hyper-reactivity an atopy (correct)
  • immune disorder

    • What is a characteristic symptom of asthma according to the text?

  • Morning dipping
  • Barrel chest
  • Quietening of voice
  • Decreased FEV1/FVC ratio and Morning dipping (correct)

    • How can asthma be detected based on the information provided?

    <p>Allergen provocation test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which management approach is NOT listed for managing asthma in the text?

    <p>Antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What fungal infection can be caused by an asthma inhaler according to the text?

    <p>Oral candidiasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of dyspnoea occurs when a person is awakened by shortness of breath?

    <p>Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnoea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which upper respiratory tract infection is characterized by laryngeal oedema and a hoarse voice?

    <p>Laryngo-tracheo-bronchitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes sinusitis, leading to pain and inflammation in the sinuses?

    <p>Obstructed antral ostia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus causes the common cold?

    <p>Rhinovirus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic noise associated with upper airway obstruction during inhalation?

    <p>Stridor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which upper respiratory tract infection is commonly known as a sore throat?

    <p>Pharyngitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of asthma related to airway responsiveness?

    <p>Hyper-responsive airways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neuraminidase in Orthomyxovirus is responsible for:

    <p><strong>Breaching</strong> the mucosal membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Haemagglutinin in Orthomyxovirus is primarily for:

    <p><strong>Adhesion</strong> to surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of dyspnoea occurs when a person is awakened by shortness of breath?

    <p>Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnoea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which upper respiratory tract infection is characterized by laryngeal oedema and a hoarse voice?

    <p>Laryngo-tracheo-bronchitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes sinusitis, leading to pain and inflammation in the sinuses?

    <p>Mucosal oedema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus causes the common cold?

    <p>Rhinovirus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic noise associated with upper airway obstruction during inhalation?

    <p>Stridor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of asthma related to airway responsiveness?

    <p><strong>Reversible</strong> airway obstruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an extrinsic factor of asthma mentioned in the text?

    <p><strong>Viral</strong> infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neuraminidase in Orthomyxovirus is responsible for:

    <p><strong>Breaching</strong> the mucosal membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Haemagglutinin in Orthomyxovirus is primarily for:

    <p><strong>Surface</strong> antigens for adhesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neuraminidase in Orthomyxovirus is responsible for:

    <p><strong>Breaching</strong> the mucosal membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is most likely to exacerbate asthma symptoms in atopic patients?

    <p>Dust mites fecal matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason behind the characteristic 'morning dipping' of asthma symptoms?

    <p>Circadian rhythm-based worsening of inflammation and mucus secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following would be an intrinsic factor contributing to bronchial hyper-reactivity in asthma?

    <p>Atopy related to a specific gene on chromosome 11</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can asthma inhaler use lead to a fungal infection, and what preventive measure is recommended?

    <p>Resulting in oral candidiasis - Using a spacer with the inhaler</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following should be avoided in dental treatment of asthmatic patients due to the risk of candida overgrowth?

    <p>Administration of NSAIDs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What component of asthma management is focused on maintaining adequate airway hydration?

    <p>Intravenous hydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Barrel chest' is a sign seen in asthmatic patients due to:

    <p>Decreased lung movements and hyperinflation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Quietening of voice' in asthmatic patients could be attributed to:

    <p>Increased mucus secretion in the vocal cords</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Allergen provocation test' is a method used for detecting asthma by:

    <p>Exposing patients to suspected allergens under controlled conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be a significant cause for worsening asthma symptoms over time?

    <p>Heightened sensitivity to allergens triggering bronchoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of excess mucus production in asthmatic patients?

    <p>Increased mucus secretions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes to asthma by inducing inflammation in the airway walls?

    <p>Pollution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of asthma that is often worse in the early morning?

    <p>Wheezing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sign of asthma is characterized by a decrease in movements and hyperinflation of the chest (barrel chest)?

    <p>Increased expiratory time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can asthma exacerbation be avoided during dental treatments?

    <p>Using a corticosteroid inhaler like beclomethasone with rinsing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an effective preventive measure to avoid oral candidiasis caused by asthma inhalers?

    <p>Rinsing after using the inhaler</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of sinusitis according to the text?

    <p>Obstruction of antral ostia due to mucosal oedema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which upper respiratory tract infection is characterized by inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi?

    <p>Laryngo-tracheo-bronchitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common cause of pharyngitis as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Viral infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which respiratory condition is characterized by coughing up blood?

    <p>Tuberculosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the sound known as 'wheeze' in the context provided?

    <p>Expiratory airway noise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes orthopnoea from paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea based on the text?

    <p>Onset of symptoms related to posture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cause of lung cancer according to the text?

    <p>Exposure to coal dust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of lung cancer is characterized by rapid growth rate and early metastasis?

    <p>Non-small cell lung cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What clinical feature of lung cancer involves damage to the cervical sympathetic chain?

    <p>Horner’s Syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a systemic clinical feature of lung cancer related to abnormal hormone production according to the text?

    <p>Weight loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is defined as the inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi?

    <p>Chronic bronchitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What metastatic clinical feature of lung cancer can lead to muscle disorders according to the text?

    <p>Neurological deficits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes small cell lung cancer from non-small cell lung cancer?

    <p>Central location in the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Hoarse voice' in lung cancer patients is primarily due to the involvement of which nerve?

    <p>Vagus nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Jaundice' as a symptom in lung cancer most likely indicates metastasis to which organ?

    <p>'Distended neck veins' from SVC obstruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which local clinical feature of lung cancer can result in unilateral ptosis and miosis?

    <p>Horner’s Syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of chronic bronchitis?

    <p>Long-term exposure to irritants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for chronic bronchitis?

    <p>Regular exercise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is chronic bronchitis diagnosed?

    <p>Blood tests, lung function tests, chest x-rays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the common symptoms of chronic bronchitis?

    <p>Shortness of breath and chronic cough</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What treatments are commonly used for chronic bronchitis?

    <p>Bronchodilators and steroids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is emphysema diagnosed pathologically?

    <p>Permanent enlargement and destruction of airspaces distal to terminal bronchioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are common symptoms of emphysema?

    <p>&quot;Blue bloaters&quot; appearance and severe dyspnea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is oxygen therapy NOT recommended for chronic bronchitis?

    <p>It increases CO2 retention in the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are two common signs and symptoms of pneumonia?

    <p>Pyrexia - Pleuretic chest pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which investigation is NOT typically used to detect pneumonia?

    <p>MRI scan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key treatment used for pneumonia?

    <p>Oxygen for hypoxia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What syndrome causes aspiration pneumonia?

    <p>Mendelson's syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause a lung abscess?

    <p>Foreign body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of tuberculosis?

    <p>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should dental staff be vaccinated with BCG, as per the text?

    <p>Due to the dental relevance of TB and its notifiable nature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason for postponing treatment for patients with known smear-positive pulmonary TB?

    <p>Due to the high cross-infection risk and potential co-infection with HIV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What side effect is commonly associated with Rifampicin, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Induced liver enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Isoniazid commonly cause, according to the text?

    <p>Polyneuropathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what period can M. tuberculosis survive on equipment and surfaces, based on the text?

    <p>Up to 2 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic tissue change in sarcoidosis?

    <p>Granulomas in organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Wegener's granulomatosis according to the text?

    <p>Inflammation of blood vessels in organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of macrophage failure due to inhaled inorganic dusts in pneumoconioses?

    <p>Chronic inflammatory tissue mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic symptom of anaphylaxis, as per the text?

    <p>Difficulty breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

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