Questions and Answers
What does 'an/o' refer to?
What does 'chol/e' signify?
What does 'cholecyst/o' refer to?
What does '-emesis' mean?
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What does 'enter/o' signify?
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What does 'esophag/o' refer to?
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What does 'gastr/o' mean?
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What does 'hepat/o' signify?
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What does '-lithiasis' refer to?
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What does '-pepsia' signify?
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What does '-phagia' mean?
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What does 'proct/o' refer to?
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What does 'rect/o' designate?
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What does 'sigmoid/o' signify?
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What does 'intestin/o' refer to?
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What does the prefix 'peri-' mean?
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What does 'odont/o' refer to?
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What does '-um, -us' signify?
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What does 'metabol/o' refer to?
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What does '-ism' signify?
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What does '-ologist' refer to?
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What does 'orth/o' mean?
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What does '-ist' mean?
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What does 'cheil/o' refer to?
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What does '-osis' mean?
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What does 'leuk/o' signify?
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What does '-plakia' mean?
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What does 'stomat/o, stom/o' refer to?
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What does '-itis' mean?
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What does 'myc/o' signify?
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What does 'xer/o' mean?
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What does 'halit/o' refer to?
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What does 'gingiv/o' signify?
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What does 'dys-' mean?
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What does 'pyr/o' refer to?
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What does 'hiat/o' mean?
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What does '-rrhea' signify?
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What does 'pept/o' refer to?
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What does 'de-' mean?
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What does 'hydra-' signify?
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What does '-tion' mean?
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What does 'Mal-' refer to?
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What does 'aer/o' mean?
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What does 'hemat/o' signify?
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What does 'hyper-' mean?
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What does 'diverticul/o' refer to?
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What does 'intussuscept/o' mean?
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What does 'inguin/o' refer to?
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What does '-ion' mean?
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What does 'dia-' mean?
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What does '-cele' signify?
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What does 'steat/o' mean?
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What does '-megaly' signify?
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What does 'cirrh/o' refer to?
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What does 'cholangi/o' mean?
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What does '-graphy' refer to?
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What does 'duoden/o' signify?
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What does '-scopy' mean?
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What does 'endo-' refer to?
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What does '-scope' mean?
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What does 'occult' mean?
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What does 'anti-' mean?
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What does 'emet/o' refer to?
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What does 'intra-' mean?
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What does 'ven/o' signify?
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What does 're-' mean?
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What does '-ectomy' signify?
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What does 'palat/o' refer to?
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What does '-plasty' mean?
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What does 'nas/o' signify?
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What does '-ostomy' mean?
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What does '-otomy' signify?
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What does 'ile/o' refer to?
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What does 'hemorrhoid/o' indicate?
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What does '-pexy' mean?
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What does 'choledoch/o' signify?
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What does 'lith/o' mean?
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What is aerophagia?
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What is anastomosis?
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What is anorexia nervosa?
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What is an antiemetic?
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What are aphthous ulcers?
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What is ascites?
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What is bariatrics?
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What is borborygmus?
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What is bulimia nervosa?
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What is cachexia?
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What is celiac disease?
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What is cheilosis?
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What is cholangiography?
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What is cholangitis?
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What is cholecystectomy?
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What is cholecystitis?
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What is choledocholithotomy?
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What is cholelithiasis?
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What is cirrhosis?
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What is colonoscopy?
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What is colostomy?
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Study Notes
Medical Terminology: Gastrointestinal System
-
Anatomical Terms
- an/o: Refers to the anus, described as a ring.
- chol/e: Indicates bile or gall, which play a crucial role in digestion.
- cholecyst/o: Pertains to the gallbladder, an organ that stores bile.
- col/o, colon/o: Signifies the colon, or large intestine, involved in the absorption of water and formation of stool.
- enter/o: Relates to the small intestine, the primary site for digestion and absorption.
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Pathophysiological Terms
- -emesis: Suffix meaning vomiting, often linked to gastrointestinal disturbances.
- -lithiasis: Refers to the presence of stones, commonly used in conditions like cholelithiasis, which is gallstone formation.
- -osis: Denotes an abnormal condition or disease, often used in the context of digestive disorders.
- -itis: Indicates inflammation, relevant in conditions such as gastritis or appendicitis.
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Physiological Processes
- -pepsia: Relates to digestion, emphasizing its importance in gut health.
- -phagia: Refers to eating or swallowing, vital for nutrient intake.
- -rrhea: Denotes flow or discharge, often seen in diarrhea.
Clinical Conditions and Procedures
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Common Digestive Disorders
- anorexia nervosa: An eating disorder characterized by an intense fear of gaining weight, leading to starvation and emaciation.
- bulimia nervosa: Involves binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors such as vomiting or laxative use.
- celiac disease: An autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten, damaging the small intestine's ability to absorb nutrients.
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Diagnostic and Surgical Procedures
- cholangiography: Imaging technique to examine bile ducts using contrast, helps diagnose obstructions.
- colonoscopy: Visual examination of the colon, valuable for detecting abnormalities like polyps or cancer.
- cholecystectomy: Surgical removal of the gallbladder, often performed in response to gallstones.
- colostomy: Creation of an artificial excretory opening from the colon, used in severe bowel diseases.
Key Features of the Gastrointestinal System
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Organs and Structures
- hepat/o: Refers to the liver, a critical organ for metabolism and detoxification.
- gastr/o: Indicates the stomach, involved in food processing through mechanical and chemical means.
- duoden/o: Describes the duodenum, the first part of the small intestine, where most chemical digestion occurs.
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Terms Indicating Quantity or Condition
- -megaly: Means enlargement, relevant in conditions like hepatomegaly (enlarged liver).
- xer/o: Indicates dryness, often used in conditions affecting saliva production or mucous membranes.
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Descriptive and Modifying Terms
- peri-: Prefix meaning surrounding, often used in terms related to inflammation or conditions affecting surrounding tissues.
- anti-: Indicates against, commonly seen in medications that prevent adverse reactions like nausea or vomiting.
These key terms and definitions provide a foundational understanding of gastrointestinal medical terminology, enhancing the comprehension of various disorders and procedures related to the digestive system.
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Test your knowledge of medical vocabulary with these flashcards from Chapter 8 of Medical Terminology. This quiz features essential terms related to the digestive system, including definitions for common prefixes and suffixes. Perfect for students in health science courses!