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Questions and Answers
What does 'an/o' refer to?
What does 'an/o' refer to?
- gallbladder
- small intestine
- liver
- anus (correct)
What does 'chol/e' signify?
What does 'chol/e' signify?
- bile (correct)
- stomach
- colon
- liver
What does 'cholecyst/o' refer to?
What does 'cholecyst/o' refer to?
- anus
- colon
- large intestine
- gallbladder (correct)
What does '-emesis' mean?
What does '-emesis' mean?
What does 'enter/o' signify?
What does 'enter/o' signify?
What does 'esophag/o' refer to?
What does 'esophag/o' refer to?
What does 'gastr/o' mean?
What does 'gastr/o' mean?
What does 'hepat/o' signify?
What does 'hepat/o' signify?
What does '-lithiasis' refer to?
What does '-lithiasis' refer to?
What does '-pepsia' signify?
What does '-pepsia' signify?
What does '-phagia' mean?
What does '-phagia' mean?
What does 'proct/o' refer to?
What does 'proct/o' refer to?
What does 'rect/o' designate?
What does 'rect/o' designate?
What does 'sigmoid/o' signify?
What does 'sigmoid/o' signify?
What does 'intestin/o' refer to?
What does 'intestin/o' refer to?
What does the prefix 'peri-' mean?
What does the prefix 'peri-' mean?
What does 'odont/o' refer to?
What does 'odont/o' refer to?
What does '-um, -us' signify?
What does '-um, -us' signify?
What does 'metabol/o' refer to?
What does 'metabol/o' refer to?
What does '-ism' signify?
What does '-ism' signify?
What does '-ologist' refer to?
What does '-ologist' refer to?
What does 'orth/o' mean?
What does 'orth/o' mean?
What does '-ist' mean?
What does '-ist' mean?
What does 'cheil/o' refer to?
What does 'cheil/o' refer to?
What does '-osis' mean?
What does '-osis' mean?
What does 'leuk/o' signify?
What does 'leuk/o' signify?
What does '-plakia' mean?
What does '-plakia' mean?
What does 'stomat/o, stom/o' refer to?
What does 'stomat/o, stom/o' refer to?
What does '-itis' mean?
What does '-itis' mean?
What does 'myc/o' signify?
What does 'myc/o' signify?
What does 'xer/o' mean?
What does 'xer/o' mean?
What does 'halit/o' refer to?
What does 'halit/o' refer to?
What does 'gingiv/o' signify?
What does 'gingiv/o' signify?
What does 'dys-' mean?
What does 'dys-' mean?
What does 'pyr/o' refer to?
What does 'pyr/o' refer to?
What does 'hiat/o' mean?
What does 'hiat/o' mean?
What does '-rrhea' signify?
What does '-rrhea' signify?
What does 'pept/o' refer to?
What does 'pept/o' refer to?
What does 'de-' mean?
What does 'de-' mean?
What does 'hydra-' signify?
What does 'hydra-' signify?
What does '-tion' mean?
What does '-tion' mean?
What does 'Mal-' refer to?
What does 'Mal-' refer to?
What does 'aer/o' mean?
What does 'aer/o' mean?
What does 'hemat/o' signify?
What does 'hemat/o' signify?
What does 'hyper-' mean?
What does 'hyper-' mean?
What does 'diverticul/o' refer to?
What does 'diverticul/o' refer to?
What does 'intussuscept/o' mean?
What does 'intussuscept/o' mean?
What does 'inguin/o' refer to?
What does 'inguin/o' refer to?
What does '-ion' mean?
What does '-ion' mean?
What does 'dia-' mean?
What does 'dia-' mean?
What does '-cele' signify?
What does '-cele' signify?
What does 'steat/o' mean?
What does 'steat/o' mean?
What does '-megaly' signify?
What does '-megaly' signify?
What does 'cirrh/o' refer to?
What does 'cirrh/o' refer to?
What does 'cholangi/o' mean?
What does 'cholangi/o' mean?
What does '-graphy' refer to?
What does '-graphy' refer to?
What does 'duoden/o' signify?
What does 'duoden/o' signify?
What does '-scopy' mean?
What does '-scopy' mean?
What does 'endo-' refer to?
What does 'endo-' refer to?
What does '-scope' mean?
What does '-scope' mean?
What does 'occult' mean?
What does 'occult' mean?
What does 'anti-' mean?
What does 'anti-' mean?
What does 'emet/o' refer to?
What does 'emet/o' refer to?
What does 'intra-' mean?
What does 'intra-' mean?
What does 'ven/o' signify?
What does 'ven/o' signify?
What does 're-' mean?
What does 're-' mean?
What does '-ectomy' signify?
What does '-ectomy' signify?
What does 'palat/o' refer to?
What does 'palat/o' refer to?
What does '-plasty' mean?
What does '-plasty' mean?
What does 'nas/o' signify?
What does 'nas/o' signify?
What does '-ostomy' mean?
What does '-ostomy' mean?
What does '-otomy' signify?
What does '-otomy' signify?
What does 'ile/o' refer to?
What does 'ile/o' refer to?
What does 'hemorrhoid/o' indicate?
What does 'hemorrhoid/o' indicate?
What does '-pexy' mean?
What does '-pexy' mean?
What does 'choledoch/o' signify?
What does 'choledoch/o' signify?
What does 'lith/o' mean?
What does 'lith/o' mean?
What is aerophagia?
What is aerophagia?
What is anastomosis?
What is anastomosis?
What is anorexia nervosa?
What is anorexia nervosa?
What is an antiemetic?
What is an antiemetic?
What are aphthous ulcers?
What are aphthous ulcers?
What is ascites?
What is ascites?
What is bariatrics?
What is bariatrics?
What is borborygmus?
What is borborygmus?
What is bulimia nervosa?
What is bulimia nervosa?
What is cachexia?
What is cachexia?
What is celiac disease?
What is celiac disease?
What is cheilosis?
What is cheilosis?
What is cholangiography?
What is cholangiography?
What is cholangitis?
What is cholangitis?
What is cholecystectomy?
What is cholecystectomy?
What is cholecystitis?
What is cholecystitis?
What is choledocholithotomy?
What is choledocholithotomy?
What is cholelithiasis?
What is cholelithiasis?
What is cirrhosis?
What is cirrhosis?
What is colonoscopy?
What is colonoscopy?
What is colostomy?
What is colostomy?
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Study Notes
Medical Terminology: Gastrointestinal System
-
Anatomical Terms
- an/o: Refers to the anus, described as a ring.
- chol/e: Indicates bile or gall, which play a crucial role in digestion.
- cholecyst/o: Pertains to the gallbladder, an organ that stores bile.
- col/o, colon/o: Signifies the colon, or large intestine, involved in the absorption of water and formation of stool.
- enter/o: Relates to the small intestine, the primary site for digestion and absorption.
-
Pathophysiological Terms
- -emesis: Suffix meaning vomiting, often linked to gastrointestinal disturbances.
- -lithiasis: Refers to the presence of stones, commonly used in conditions like cholelithiasis, which is gallstone formation.
- -osis: Denotes an abnormal condition or disease, often used in the context of digestive disorders.
- -itis: Indicates inflammation, relevant in conditions such as gastritis or appendicitis.
-
Physiological Processes
- -pepsia: Relates to digestion, emphasizing its importance in gut health.
- -phagia: Refers to eating or swallowing, vital for nutrient intake.
- -rrhea: Denotes flow or discharge, often seen in diarrhea.
Clinical Conditions and Procedures
-
Common Digestive Disorders
- anorexia nervosa: An eating disorder characterized by an intense fear of gaining weight, leading to starvation and emaciation.
- bulimia nervosa: Involves binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors such as vomiting or laxative use.
- celiac disease: An autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten, damaging the small intestine's ability to absorb nutrients.
-
Diagnostic and Surgical Procedures
- cholangiography: Imaging technique to examine bile ducts using contrast, helps diagnose obstructions.
- colonoscopy: Visual examination of the colon, valuable for detecting abnormalities like polyps or cancer.
- cholecystectomy: Surgical removal of the gallbladder, often performed in response to gallstones.
- colostomy: Creation of an artificial excretory opening from the colon, used in severe bowel diseases.
Key Features of the Gastrointestinal System
-
Organs and Structures
- hepat/o: Refers to the liver, a critical organ for metabolism and detoxification.
- gastr/o: Indicates the stomach, involved in food processing through mechanical and chemical means.
- duoden/o: Describes the duodenum, the first part of the small intestine, where most chemical digestion occurs.
-
Terms Indicating Quantity or Condition
- -megaly: Means enlargement, relevant in conditions like hepatomegaly (enlarged liver).
- xer/o: Indicates dryness, often used in conditions affecting saliva production or mucous membranes.
-
Descriptive and Modifying Terms
- peri-: Prefix meaning surrounding, often used in terms related to inflammation or conditions affecting surrounding tissues.
- anti-: Indicates against, commonly seen in medications that prevent adverse reactions like nausea or vomiting.
These key terms and definitions provide a foundational understanding of gastrointestinal medical terminology, enhancing the comprehension of various disorders and procedures related to the digestive system.
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