Medical Terminology Chapter 8 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What does 'an/o' refer to?

gallbladder

small intestine

liver

anus (correct)

What does 'chol/e' signify?

bile (correct)

stomach

colon

liver

What does 'cholecyst/o' refer to?

anus

colon

large intestine

gallbladder (correct)

What does '-emesis' mean?

vomiting Signup and view all the answers

What does 'enter/o' signify?

small intestine Signup and view all the answers

What does 'esophag/o' refer to?

esophagus Signup and view all the answers

What does 'gastr/o' mean?

stomach Signup and view all the answers

What does 'hepat/o' signify?

liver Signup and view all the answers

What does '-lithiasis' refer to?

presence of stones Signup and view all the answers

What does '-pepsia' signify?

digest, digestion Signup and view all the answers

What does '-phagia' mean?

eating or swallowing Signup and view all the answers

What does 'proct/o' refer to?

anus and rectum Signup and view all the answers

What does 'rect/o' designate?

rectum Signup and view all the answers

What does 'sigmoid/o' signify?

sigmoid colon Signup and view all the answers

What does 'intestin/o' refer to?

intestine Signup and view all the answers

What does the prefix 'peri-' mean?

surrounding Signup and view all the answers

What does 'odont/o' refer to?

tooth Signup and view all the answers

What does '-um, -us' signify?

noun ending Signup and view all the answers

What does 'metabol/o' refer to?

change Signup and view all the answers

What does '-ism' signify?

condition Signup and view all the answers

What does '-ologist' refer to?

specialist Signup and view all the answers

What does 'orth/o' mean?

straight or normal Signup and view all the answers

What does '-ist' mean?

specialist Signup and view all the answers

What does 'cheil/o' refer to?

lips Signup and view all the answers

What does '-osis' mean?

condition Signup and view all the answers

What does 'leuk/o' signify?

white Signup and view all the answers

What does '-plakia' mean?

plaque Signup and view all the answers

What does 'stomat/o, stom/o' refer to?

mouth or oral cavity Signup and view all the answers

What does '-itis' mean?

inflammation Signup and view all the answers

What does 'myc/o' signify?

fungus Signup and view all the answers

What does 'xer/o' mean?

dry Signup and view all the answers

What does 'halit/o' refer to?

breath Signup and view all the answers

What does 'gingiv/o' signify?

gums or gingival tissue Signup and view all the answers

What does 'dys-' mean?

difficult Signup and view all the answers

What does 'pyr/o' refer to?

fever Signup and view all the answers

What does 'hiat/o' mean?

opening Signup and view all the answers

What does '-rrhea' signify?

flow or discharge Signup and view all the answers

What does 'pept/o' refer to?

digestion Signup and view all the answers

What does 'de-' mean?

removal Signup and view all the answers

What does 'hydra-' signify?

water Signup and view all the answers

What does '-tion' mean?

process of Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Mal-' refer to?

bad or poor Signup and view all the answers

What does 'aer/o' mean?

air Signup and view all the answers

What does 'hemat/o' signify?

blood Signup and view all the answers

What does 'hyper-' mean?

excessive Signup and view all the answers

What does 'diverticul/o' refer to?

diverticulum, or blind pouch Signup and view all the answers

What does 'intussuscept/o' mean?

take up or receive within Signup and view all the answers

What does 'inguin/o' refer to?

groin Signup and view all the answers

What does '-ion' mean?

condition Signup and view all the answers

What does 'dia-' mean?

through Signup and view all the answers

What does '-cele' signify?

hernia Signup and view all the answers

What does 'steat/o' mean?

fat Signup and view all the answers

What does '-megaly' signify?

enlargement Signup and view all the answers

What does 'cirrh/o' refer to?

yellow or orange Signup and view all the answers

What does 'cholangi/o' mean?

bile duct Signup and view all the answers

What does '-graphy' refer to?

process of recording Signup and view all the answers

What does 'duoden/o' signify?

duodenum Signup and view all the answers

What does '-scopy' mean?

visual examination Signup and view all the answers

What does 'endo-' refer to?

inside or within Signup and view all the answers

What does '-scope' mean?

instrument for visual examination Signup and view all the answers

What does 'occult' mean?

hidden Signup and view all the answers

What does 'anti-' mean?

against Signup and view all the answers

What does 'emet/o' refer to?

vomit Signup and view all the answers

What does 'intra-' mean?

within Signup and view all the answers

What does 'ven/o' signify?

vein Signup and view all the answers

What does 're-' mean?

back or again Signup and view all the answers

What does '-ectomy' signify?

surgical removal Signup and view all the answers

What does 'palat/o' refer to?

palate Signup and view all the answers

What does '-plasty' mean?

surgical repair Signup and view all the answers

What does 'nas/o' signify?

nose Signup and view all the answers

What does '-ostomy' mean?

creating an opening Signup and view all the answers

What does '-otomy' signify?

surgical incision Signup and view all the answers

What does 'ile/o' refer to?

ileum, small intestine Signup and view all the answers

What does 'hemorrhoid/o' indicate?

hemorrhoid Signup and view all the answers

What does '-pexy' mean?

surgical fixation Signup and view all the answers

What does 'choledoch/o' signify?

common bile duct Signup and view all the answers

What does 'lith/o' mean?

stone Signup and view all the answers

What is aerophagia?

The excessive swallowing of air while eating or drinking. Signup and view all the answers

What is anastomosis?

A surgical connection between two hollow, or tubular, structures. Signup and view all the answers

What is anorexia nervosa?

An eating disorder characterized by a false perception of body appearance. Signup and view all the answers

What is an antiemetic?

A medication that is administered to prevent or relieve nausea and vomiting. Signup and view all the answers

What are aphthous ulcers?

Mouth ulcers also known as canker sores. Signup and view all the answers

What is ascites?

An abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity. Signup and view all the answers

What is bariatrics?

The branch of medicine concerned with the prevention and control of obesity. Signup and view all the answers

What is borborygmus?

The rumbling noise caused by the movement of gas in the intestine. Signup and view all the answers

What is bulimia nervosa?

An eating disorder characterized by frequent episodes of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors. Signup and view all the answers

What is cachexia?

A condition of physical wasting away due to the loss of weight and muscle mass. Signup and view all the answers

What is celiac disease?

An inherited autoimmune disorder characterized by a severe reaction to gluten. Signup and view all the answers

What is cheilosis?

A disorder of the lips characterized by crack-like sores. Signup and view all the answers

What is cholangiography?

A radiographic examination of the bile ducts. Signup and view all the answers

What is cholangitis?

An acute inflammation of the bile duct. Signup and view all the answers

What is cholecystectomy?

An incision into the common bile duct for the removal of a gallstone. Signup and view all the answers

What is cholecystitis?

Inflammation of the gallbladder, usually caused by gallstones. Signup and view all the answers

What is choledocholithotomy?

An incision into the common bile duct for the removal of a gallstone. Signup and view all the answers

What is cholelithiasis?

The presence of gallstones in the gallbladder or bile ducts. Signup and view all the answers

What is cirrhosis?

A chronic degenerative disease of the liver characterized by scarring. Signup and view all the answers

What is colonoscopy?

Direct visual examination of the inner surface of the entire colon. Signup and view all the answers

What is colostomy?

The surgical creation of an artificial excretory opening. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Medical Terminology: Gastrointestinal System

Anatomical Terms
- an/o: Refers to the anus, described as a ring.
- chol/e: Indicates bile or gall, which play a crucial role in digestion.
- cholecyst/o: Pertains to the gallbladder, an organ that stores bile.
- col/o, colon/o: Signifies the colon, or large intestine, involved in the absorption of water and formation of stool.
- enter/o: Relates to the small intestine, the primary site for digestion and absorption.
Pathophysiological Terms
- -emesis: Suffix meaning vomiting, often linked to gastrointestinal disturbances.
- -lithiasis: Refers to the presence of stones, commonly used in conditions like cholelithiasis, which is gallstone formation.
- -osis: Denotes an abnormal condition or disease, often used in the context of digestive disorders.
- -itis: Indicates inflammation, relevant in conditions such as gastritis or appendicitis.
Physiological Processes
- -pepsia: Relates to digestion, emphasizing its importance in gut health.
- -phagia: Refers to eating or swallowing, vital for nutrient intake.
- -rrhea: Denotes flow or discharge, often seen in diarrhea.

Clinical Conditions and Procedures

Common Digestive Disorders
- anorexia nervosa: An eating disorder characterized by an intense fear of gaining weight, leading to starvation and emaciation.
- bulimia nervosa: Involves binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors such as vomiting or laxative use.
- celiac disease: An autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten, damaging the small intestine's ability to absorb nutrients.
Diagnostic and Surgical Procedures
- cholangiography: Imaging technique to examine bile ducts using contrast, helps diagnose obstructions.
- colonoscopy: Visual examination of the colon, valuable for detecting abnormalities like polyps or cancer.
- cholecystectomy: Surgical removal of the gallbladder, often performed in response to gallstones.
- colostomy: Creation of an artificial excretory opening from the colon, used in severe bowel diseases.

Key Features of the Gastrointestinal System

Organs and Structures
- hepat/o: Refers to the liver, a critical organ for metabolism and detoxification.
- gastr/o: Indicates the stomach, involved in food processing through mechanical and chemical means.
- duoden/o: Describes the duodenum, the first part of the small intestine, where most chemical digestion occurs.
Terms Indicating Quantity or Condition
- -megaly: Means enlargement, relevant in conditions like hepatomegaly (enlarged liver).
- xer/o: Indicates dryness, often used in conditions affecting saliva production or mucous membranes.
Descriptive and Modifying Terms
- peri-: Prefix meaning surrounding, often used in terms related to inflammation or conditions affecting surrounding tissues.
- anti-: Indicates against, commonly seen in medications that prevent adverse reactions like nausea or vomiting.

These key terms and definitions provide a foundational understanding of gastrointestinal medical terminology, enhancing the comprehension of various disorders and procedures related to the digestive system.

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Test your knowledge of medical vocabulary with these flashcards from Chapter 8 of Medical Terminology. This quiz features essential terms related to the digestive system, including definitions for common prefixes and suffixes. Perfect for students in health science courses!