Medical Terminology Chapter 8 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What does 'an/o' refer to?

  • gallbladder
  • small intestine
  • liver
  • anus (correct)

    • What does 'chol/e' signify?

  • bile (correct)
  • stomach
  • colon
  • liver

    • What does 'cholecyst/o' refer to?

  • anus
  • colon
  • large intestine
  • gallbladder (correct)

    • What does '-emesis' mean?

    <p>vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'enter/o' signify?

    <p>small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'esophag/o' refer to?

    <p>esophagus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'gastr/o' mean?

    <p>stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'hepat/o' signify?

    <p>liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does '-lithiasis' refer to?

    <p>presence of stones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does '-pepsia' signify?

    <p>digest, digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does '-phagia' mean?

    <p>eating or swallowing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'proct/o' refer to?

    <p>anus and rectum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'rect/o' designate?

    <p>rectum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'sigmoid/o' signify?

    <p>sigmoid colon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'intestin/o' refer to?

    <p>intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the prefix 'peri-' mean?

    <p>surrounding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'odont/o' refer to?

    <p>tooth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does '-um, -us' signify?

    <p>noun ending</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'metabol/o' refer to?

    <p>change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does '-ism' signify?

    <p>condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does '-ologist' refer to?

    <p>specialist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'orth/o' mean?

    <p>straight or normal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does '-ist' mean?

    <p>specialist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'cheil/o' refer to?

    <p>lips</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does '-osis' mean?

    <p>condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'leuk/o' signify?

    <p>white</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does '-plakia' mean?

    <p>plaque</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'stomat/o, stom/o' refer to?

    <p>mouth or oral cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does '-itis' mean?

    <p>inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'myc/o' signify?

    <p>fungus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'xer/o' mean?

    <p>dry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'halit/o' refer to?

    <p>breath</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'gingiv/o' signify?

    <p>gums or gingival tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'dys-' mean?

    <p>difficult</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'pyr/o' refer to?

    <p>fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'hiat/o' mean?

    <p>opening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does '-rrhea' signify?

    <p>flow or discharge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'pept/o' refer to?

    <p>digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'de-' mean?

    <p>removal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'hydra-' signify?

    <p>water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does '-tion' mean?

    <p>process of</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'Mal-' refer to?

    <p>bad or poor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'aer/o' mean?

    <p>air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'hemat/o' signify?

    <p>blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'hyper-' mean?

    <p>excessive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'diverticul/o' refer to?

    <p>diverticulum, or blind pouch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'intussuscept/o' mean?

    <p>take up or receive within</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'inguin/o' refer to?

    <p>groin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does '-ion' mean?

    <p>condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'dia-' mean?

    <p>through</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does '-cele' signify?

    <p>hernia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'steat/o' mean?

    <p>fat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does '-megaly' signify?

    <p>enlargement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'cirrh/o' refer to?

    <p>yellow or orange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'cholangi/o' mean?

    <p>bile duct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does '-graphy' refer to?

    <p>process of recording</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'duoden/o' signify?

    <p>duodenum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does '-scopy' mean?

    <p>visual examination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'endo-' refer to?

    <p>inside or within</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does '-scope' mean?

    <p>instrument for visual examination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'occult' mean?

    <p>hidden</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'anti-' mean?

    <p>against</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'emet/o' refer to?

    <p>vomit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'intra-' mean?

    <p>within</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'ven/o' signify?

    <p>vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 're-' mean?

    <p>back or again</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does '-ectomy' signify?

    <p>surgical removal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'palat/o' refer to?

    <p>palate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does '-plasty' mean?

    <p>surgical repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'nas/o' signify?

    <p>nose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does '-ostomy' mean?

    <p>creating an opening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does '-otomy' signify?

    <p>surgical incision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'ile/o' refer to?

    <p>ileum, small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'hemorrhoid/o' indicate?

    <p>hemorrhoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does '-pexy' mean?

    <p>surgical fixation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'choledoch/o' signify?

    <p>common bile duct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'lith/o' mean?

    <p>stone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is aerophagia?

    <p>The excessive swallowing of air while eating or drinking.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is anastomosis?

    <p>A surgical connection between two hollow, or tubular, structures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is anorexia nervosa?

    <p>An eating disorder characterized by a false perception of body appearance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an antiemetic?

    <p>A medication that is administered to prevent or relieve nausea and vomiting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are aphthous ulcers?

    <p>Mouth ulcers also known as canker sores.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is ascites?

    <p>An abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is bariatrics?

    <p>The branch of medicine concerned with the prevention and control of obesity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is borborygmus?

    <p>The rumbling noise caused by the movement of gas in the intestine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is bulimia nervosa?

    <p>An eating disorder characterized by frequent episodes of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is cachexia?

    <p>A condition of physical wasting away due to the loss of weight and muscle mass.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is celiac disease?

    <p>An inherited autoimmune disorder characterized by a severe reaction to gluten.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is cheilosis?

    <p>A disorder of the lips characterized by crack-like sores.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is cholangiography?

    <p>A radiographic examination of the bile ducts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is cholangitis?

    <p>An acute inflammation of the bile duct.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is cholecystectomy?

    <p>An incision into the common bile duct for the removal of a gallstone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is cholecystitis?

    <p>Inflammation of the gallbladder, usually caused by gallstones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is choledocholithotomy?

    <p>An incision into the common bile duct for the removal of a gallstone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is cholelithiasis?

    <p>The presence of gallstones in the gallbladder or bile ducts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is cirrhosis?

    <p>A chronic degenerative disease of the liver characterized by scarring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is colonoscopy?

    <p>Direct visual examination of the inner surface of the entire colon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is colostomy?

    <p>The surgical creation of an artificial excretory opening.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Medical Terminology: Gastrointestinal System

    • Anatomical Terms

      • an/o: Refers to the anus, described as a ring.
      • chol/e: Indicates bile or gall, which play a crucial role in digestion.
      • cholecyst/o: Pertains to the gallbladder, an organ that stores bile.
      • col/o, colon/o: Signifies the colon, or large intestine, involved in the absorption of water and formation of stool.
      • enter/o: Relates to the small intestine, the primary site for digestion and absorption.

    • Pathophysiological Terms

      • -emesis: Suffix meaning vomiting, often linked to gastrointestinal disturbances.
      • -lithiasis: Refers to the presence of stones, commonly used in conditions like cholelithiasis, which is gallstone formation.
      • -osis: Denotes an abnormal condition or disease, often used in the context of digestive disorders.
      • -itis: Indicates inflammation, relevant in conditions such as gastritis or appendicitis.

    • Physiological Processes

      • -pepsia: Relates to digestion, emphasizing its importance in gut health.
      • -phagia: Refers to eating or swallowing, vital for nutrient intake.
      • -rrhea: Denotes flow or discharge, often seen in diarrhea.

    Clinical Conditions and Procedures

    • Common Digestive Disorders

      • anorexia nervosa: An eating disorder characterized by an intense fear of gaining weight, leading to starvation and emaciation.
      • bulimia nervosa: Involves binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors such as vomiting or laxative use.
      • celiac disease: An autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten, damaging the small intestine's ability to absorb nutrients.

    • Diagnostic and Surgical Procedures

      • cholangiography: Imaging technique to examine bile ducts using contrast, helps diagnose obstructions.
      • colonoscopy: Visual examination of the colon, valuable for detecting abnormalities like polyps or cancer.
      • cholecystectomy: Surgical removal of the gallbladder, often performed in response to gallstones.
      • colostomy: Creation of an artificial excretory opening from the colon, used in severe bowel diseases.

    Key Features of the Gastrointestinal System

    • Organs and Structures

      • hepat/o: Refers to the liver, a critical organ for metabolism and detoxification.
      • gastr/o: Indicates the stomach, involved in food processing through mechanical and chemical means.
      • duoden/o: Describes the duodenum, the first part of the small intestine, where most chemical digestion occurs.

    • Terms Indicating Quantity or Condition

      • -megaly: Means enlargement, relevant in conditions like hepatomegaly (enlarged liver).
      • xer/o: Indicates dryness, often used in conditions affecting saliva production or mucous membranes.

    • Descriptive and Modifying Terms

      • peri-: Prefix meaning surrounding, often used in terms related to inflammation or conditions affecting surrounding tissues.
      • anti-: Indicates against, commonly seen in medications that prevent adverse reactions like nausea or vomiting.

    These key terms and definitions provide a foundational understanding of gastrointestinal medical terminology, enhancing the comprehension of various disorders and procedures related to the digestive system.

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    Test your knowledge of medical vocabulary with these flashcards from Chapter 8 of Medical Terminology. This quiz features essential terms related to the digestive system, including definitions for common prefixes and suffixes. Perfect for students in health science courses!

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