Medical Terminology Chapter 6 Flashcards

Anatomy and Medical Terminology

• amyl/o: Refers to starch, an important carbohydrate in nutrition.
• an/o: Pertains to the anus, the terminal end of the digestive tract.
• appendic/o: Indicates the appendix, a small pouch connected to the large intestine.

Digestive System Components

• bil/i: Signifies bile or gall, essential for fat digestion.
• bronch/o: Represents bronchioles, smaller air passages leading to the lungs.
• celi/o: Refers to the abdomen, the body cavity containing digestive organs.
• cheil/o: Indicates lips, crucial for the intake of food.

Biliary and Gastrointestinal Terms

• cholangi/o: Refers to bile vessels, important in the transport of bile.
• col/o: Indicates the colon, part of the large intestine involved in water absorption.
• dent/i: Represents teeth, essential for mechanical digestion.
• duoden/o: Refers to the duodenum, the first part of the small intestine.

Intestinal and Esophageal Terms

• enter/o: Pertains specifically to the small intestines, where most nutrient absorption occurs.
• esophag/o: Indicates the esophagus, a muscular tube connecting the throat with the stomach.

Etiology and Medical Conditions

• eti/o: Signifies the cause of a condition or disease; crucial for diagnosis.
• gloss/o: Refers to the tongue, which plays a key role in taste and swallowing.
• glyc/o: Pertains to glucose and sugars, vital energy sources.

Blood and Related Functions

• hem/o: Refers to blood, a crucial component carrying oxygen and nutrients.
• herni/o: Indicates hernia, a condition of protrusion of an organ through its cavity.
• lapar/o: Refers to the abdomen, often used in surgeries.

Oral and Digestive Structures

• bucc/o: Relates to the cheek, aiding in the formation of food bolus.
• cholecyst/o: Represents the gallbladder, which stores bile.
• choledoch/o: Indicates the common bile duct, a passage for bile to the duodenum.

Digestive Organs

• gastr/o: Refers to the stomach, where food is digested chemically and mechanically.
• hepat/o: Indicates the liver, responsible for bile production and detoxification.
• ile/o: Pertains to the ileum, the last part of the small intestine.

Additional Gastrointestinal Anatomy

• jejun/o: Refers to the jejunum, the middle section of the small intestine.
• lith/o: Indicates stone, often referring to gallstones or kidney stones.
• pancreat/o: Represents the pancreas, which produces digestive enzymes and hormones.

Throat, Mucosa, and Related Structures

• pharyng/o: Refers to the throat, a passage for food to the esophagus.
• labi/o: Indicates lips, with relevance in both anatomy and dental terms.
• lingu/o: Pertains to the tongue, crucial for articulation and taste.

Fat and Lymphatic Terms

• lip/o: Refers to fat, significant in energy storage and metabolism.
• lymphangi/o: Indicates lymph vessels, part of the immune system.

Dental and Related Anatomy

• mandibul/o: Refers to the lower jaw, essential for chewing and speaking.
• men/o: Indicates menstruation, a key aspect of the female reproductive cycle.
• odont/o: Relates to teeth, foundational for dental health.

Medical Procedures and Conditions

• -ase: Suffix indicating enzyme, which facilitates biochemical reactions.
• -centesis: Surgical puncture for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.
• -ectomy: Indicates the removal of a body part, a common surgical term.

General Medical Terminology

• -genesis: Refers to the process of producing or forming a condition or substance.
• -graphy: The process of recording or visualizing anatomical structures or functions.
• -lysis: Indicates breakdown or destruction, often used in medical contexts.

Symptoms and Conditions

• -megaly: Refers to enlargement, commonly associated with organ conditions.
• -phagia: Signifies the act of eating or swallowing.
• -rrhea: Indicates flow or discharge, often related to bodily fluids.

Surgical and Diagnostic Terms

• -otomy: Refers to an incision, often used in surgical procedures.
• -oscopy: The process of visual examination using an endoscope.
• -stomy: Indicates forming a new opening, typically used for surgical procedures to divert flow.