Medical Terminology Chapter 14 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What does the prefix 'crin/o-' mean?

secrete

What does the prefix 'neur/o-' refer to?

nerve

What does the prefix 'glandul/o-' signify?

gland

What does the prefix 'home/o-' mean?

<p>same</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the prefix 'hormon/o-' represent?

<p>hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the prefix 'thalam/o-' refer to?

<p>thalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'adren/o-' stand for?

<p>adrenal gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the prefix 'cortic/o-' mean?

<p>cortex; outer region</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'trop/o-' signify?

<p>having an affinity for; stimulating; turning</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the prefix 'pituit/o-' mean?

<p>pituitary gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'aden/o-' represent?

<p>gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'hypophys/o-' refer to?

<p>pituitary gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the prefix 'ur/o-' denote?

<p>urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'stimul/o-' mean?

<p>exciting; strengthening</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'gonad/o-' refer to?

<p>gonad; ovary; testis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'melan/o-' represent?

<p>black</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'ox/y-' signify?

<p>oxygen; quick</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'toc/o-' mean?

<p>childbirth; labor</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'pituitar/o-' stand for?

<p>pituitary gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the prefix 'lact/o-' denote?

<p>milk</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'galact/o-' mean?

<p>milk</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'thyr/o-' represent?

<p>shield-shaped structure; thyroid gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'calc/i-' signify?

<p>calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'ton/o-' mean?

<p>pressure; tone</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'calc/o-' signify?

<p>calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'thyroid/o-' refer to?

<p>thyroid gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the prefix 'iod/o-' mean?

<p>iodine</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'thym/o-' represent?

<p>rage; thymus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'gluc/o-' signify?

<p>glucose; sugar</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'ag/o-' mean?

<p>lead to</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'glycos/o-' denote?

<p>glucose; sugar</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'glyc/o-' refer to?

<p>glucose; sugar</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'insul/o-' mean?

<p>island</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'insulin/o-' represent?

<p>insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'pancreat/o-' signify?

<p>pancreas</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'somat/o-' mean?

<p>body</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'stat/o-' refer to?

<p>standing still; staying in one place</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'adrenal/o-' mean?

<p>adrenal gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'ren/o-' signify?

<p>kidney</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'andr/o-' represent?

<p>male</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'viril/o-' mean?

<p>masculine</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'estr/o-' signify?

<p>female</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'mineral/o-' mean?

<p>electrolyte; mineral</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'estr/a-' represent?

<p>female</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'ovari/o-' signify?

<p>ovary</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'testicul/o-' mean?

<p>testicle; testis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'test/o-' pertain to?

<p>testicle; testis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'antagon/o-' represent?

<p>oppose; work against</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'inhibit/o-' mean?

<p>block; hold back</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'recept/o-' signify?

<p>receive</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'erg/o-' mean?

<p>activity; work</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix '-al' indicate?

<p>pertaining to</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix '-an' mean?

<p>pertaining to</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix '-ar' signify?

<p>pertaining to</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix '-ation' indicate?

<p>being; having; process</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix '-gen' mean?

<p>that which produces</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix '-ic' represent?

<p>pertaining to</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix '-ism' signify?

<p>disease from a specific cause; process</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix '-oid' mean?

<p>resembling</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix '-or' pertain to?

<p>person who does; thing that produces</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix '-stasis' mean?

<p>standing still; staying in one place</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the prefix 'ad-' signify?

<p>toward</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the prefix 'eu-' represent?

<p>good; normal</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'hypo-' mean?

<p>below; deficient</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'para-' signify?

<p>abnormal; apart from; beside; two parts of a pair</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'pro-' mean?

<p>before</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'syn-' signify?

<p>together</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'hyperpituitarism' refer to?

<p>disease from an overproduction of pituitary gland hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 'adenoma'?

<p>a glandular tumor</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'hypopituitarism' mean?

<p>disease from underproduction of pituitary gland hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'galactorrhea' refer to?

<p>discharge of milk</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'lactation' mean?

<p>the process of producing milk</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'gigantism' refer to?

<p>abnormal growth due to excess hormone production</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 'acromegaly'?

<p>enlargement of extremities due to excess growth hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'polyuria' mean?

<p>excessive urination</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'polydipsia' refer to?

<p>excessive thirst</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'uterine' mean?

<p>pertaining to the uterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'postpartum' refer to?

<p>after childbirth</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'affective' signify?

<p>pertaining to mood or expression</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'hyperthyroidism' mean?

<p>condition of excessive thyroid hormone production</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'thyrotoxicosis' signify?

<p>condition caused by excessive thyroid hormone acting as a poison</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'thyromegaly' refer to?

<p>enlargement of the thyroid gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'adenomatous' mean?

<p>pertaining to a glandular tumor</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'nodular' refer to?

<p>pertaining to small knobby masses</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'nontoxic' mean?

<p>not poisonous</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'endemic' refer to?

<p>pertaining to a population within a specific area</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'hypothyroidism' signify?

<p>condition of deficient thyroid hormone production</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'congenital' mean?

<p>present at birth</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'myxedema' signify?

<p>swelling due to mucus-like substance</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'carcinoma' mean?

<p>a type of cancerous tumor</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'thyroiditis' refer to?

<p>infection or inflammation of the thyroid gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'hyperparathyroidism' signify?

<p>condition of excessive parathyroid hormone production</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'hypercalcemia' mean?

<p>condition of excess calcium in the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'hypoparathyroidism' signify?

<p>condition of deficient parathyroid hormone production</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'hypocalcemia' refer to?

<p>condition of low calcium levels in the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'hyperinsulinism' mean?

<p>condition of excess insulin production</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'hypoglycemia' signify?

<p>condition of low blood sugar levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'resistance' mean?

<p>state of being able to withstand</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'diabetic' mean?

<p>related to diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'hyperglycemia' signify?

<p>condition of excessive sugar in the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Medical Terminology Key Roots and Definitions

  • crin/o-: Refers to secretion, crucial in understanding endocrine functions.
  • neur/o-: Indicates nerve, foundational for neurology and nerve-related ailments.
  • glandul/o-: Denotes gland, central to endocrine system functions.
  • home/o-: Suggests sameness, integral to homeostasis in body systems.
  • hormon/o-: Involves hormones, vital for signaling processes within the body.
  • thalam/o-: Refers to thalamus, a key brain structure in processing sensory information.
  • adren/o-: Relates to the adrenal gland, important for stress response and metabolism.
  • cortic/o-: Describes the cortex, associated with outer regions of organs, particularly the adrenal gland.
  • trop/o-: Indicates having an affinity for or stimulating effect, significant in hormone interactions.
  • pituit/o- / hypophys/o-: Both terms refer to the pituitary gland, often termed the "master gland" for hormone regulation.
  • aden/o-: Another reference to gland, supporting terminology related to glandular functions.
  • ur/o-: Pertains to urine, critical for renal function and metabolic waste management.
  • stimul/o-: Relates to excitation; important in contexts of stimulation responses in various systems.
  • gonad/o-: Indicates gonads (ovaries/testes), vital for reproductive endocrinology.
  • melan/o-: Signifies black, often used in descriptions related to pigmentation.
  • ox/y-: Refers to oxygen; central to cellular respiration processes.
  • toc/o-: Relates to childbirth, essential in obstetrics and labor.
  • lact/o- / galact/o-: Both indicate milk, important for understanding lactation biology.
  • thyr/o- / thyroid/o-: Refers to thyroid gland; critical in metabolic regulation and hormonal balance.
  • calc/i- / calc/o-: Relate to calcium, essential for bone health and metabolic functions.
  • ton/o-: Indicates pressure or tone, relevant in various physiological contexts.
  • andr/o- / viril/o-: Refers to male characteristics; important in studies of masculinity and hormones.
  • estr/o- / estr/a-: Both refer to female, significant in reproductive studies and hormonal influences.
  • mineral/o-: Refers to minerals/electrolytes, essential for various physiological functions.

Medical Terminology Suffixes and Their Meanings

  • -al / -an / -ar / -ic: Suffixes indicating "pertaining to," used extensively in medical terminology to specify relationships.
  • -ation: Signifies a process or state; key in defining physiological processes.
  • -gen: Denotes something that produces, important in contexts like pathology and biochemistry.
  • -ism: Indicates a disease or process caused by a specific factor; fundamental in medical diagnoses.
  • -oid: Suggests resemblance, often seen in descriptive terms for conditions.
  • -or: Refers to a person or thing that produces an effect, frequently used in procedural terminologies.
  • -stasis: Refers to standing still; relevant in describing states of balance or lack of movement.

Common Medical Conditions and Terminologies

  • hyperpituitarism: Condition of excessive pituitary hormone production; leads to various health issues.
  • adenoma: A benign tumor originating in glandular tissue, critical for diagnosing endocrine disorders.
  • hypopituitarism: Condition of reduced hormone secretion from the pituitary gland; affects multiple systems.
  • galactorrhea: Abnormal milk discharge unrelated to breastfeeding; could indicate hormonal imbalance.
  • lactation: The process of producing milk; significant in maternal health and infant nutrition.
  • gigantism: Condition characterized by excessive growth due to hormone overproduction, often from pituitary adenomas.
  • acromegaly: Condition of enlarged body parts due to excess growth hormone, primarily occurring in adults.
  • polyuria & polydipsia: Conditions of increased urine output and thirst, typically associated with diabetes mellitus.
  • postpartum: Referring to the time after childbirth; important for maternal health considerations.
  • hyperthyroidism & hypothyroidism: Conditions of overactive and underactive thyroid function, crucial for metabolic regulation.
  • hypercalcemia & hypocalcemia: Conditions of elevated or lowered calcium levels in the blood; essential for bone health and neuromuscular function.

Additional Concepts

  • myxedema: Severe hypothyroidism leading to swelling; critical in understanding thyroid-related conditions.
  • carcinoma: Type of cancer originating from epithelial cells; important for cancer diagnostics.
  • thyroiditis: Inflammation of the thyroid gland; significant for understanding thyroid disorders.
  • genetic & congenital: Terms relating to inherited conditions present from birth; essential in developmental biology.
  • resistance: Referring to the body's ability to withstand certain effects, notably in hormonal contexts.

These notes summarize key medical terminology related to the endocrine system, glands,-related conditions, and defining suffixes, vital for understanding and communicating in the medical field.

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Test your knowledge of key terms in Medical Terminology Chapter 14. This quiz focuses on essential vocabulary related to hormones, glands, and the nervous system, including prefixes and roots. It's a perfect tool for students wanting to master medical language concepts.

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