Medical Terminology Chapter 14 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What does the prefix 'crin/o-' mean?

secrete

What does the prefix 'neur/o-' refer to?

nerve

What does the prefix 'glandul/o-' signify?

gland

What does the prefix 'home/o-' mean?

same Signup and view all the answers

What does the prefix 'hormon/o-' represent?

hormone Signup and view all the answers

What does the prefix 'thalam/o-' refer to?

thalamus Signup and view all the answers

What does 'adren/o-' stand for?

adrenal gland Signup and view all the answers

What does the prefix 'cortic/o-' mean?

cortex; outer region Signup and view all the answers

What does 'trop/o-' signify?

having an affinity for; stimulating; turning Signup and view all the answers

What does the prefix 'pituit/o-' mean?

pituitary gland Signup and view all the answers

What does 'aden/o-' represent?

gland Signup and view all the answers

What does 'hypophys/o-' refer to?

pituitary gland Signup and view all the answers

What does the prefix 'ur/o-' denote?

urine Signup and view all the answers

What does 'stimul/o-' mean?

exciting; strengthening Signup and view all the answers

What does 'gonad/o-' refer to?

gonad; ovary; testis Signup and view all the answers

What does 'melan/o-' represent?

black Signup and view all the answers

What does 'ox/y-' signify?

oxygen; quick Signup and view all the answers

What does 'toc/o-' mean?

childbirth; labor Signup and view all the answers

What does 'pituitar/o-' stand for?

pituitary gland Signup and view all the answers

What does the prefix 'lact/o-' denote?

milk Signup and view all the answers

What does 'galact/o-' mean?

milk Signup and view all the answers

What does 'thyr/o-' represent?

shield-shaped structure; thyroid gland Signup and view all the answers

What does 'calc/i-' signify?

calcium Signup and view all the answers

What does 'ton/o-' mean?

pressure; tone Signup and view all the answers

What does 'calc/o-' signify?

calcium Signup and view all the answers

What does 'thyroid/o-' refer to?

thyroid gland Signup and view all the answers

What does the prefix 'iod/o-' mean?

iodine Signup and view all the answers

What does 'thym/o-' represent?

rage; thymus Signup and view all the answers

What does 'gluc/o-' signify?

glucose; sugar Signup and view all the answers

What does 'ag/o-' mean?

lead to Signup and view all the answers

What does 'glycos/o-' denote?

glucose; sugar Signup and view all the answers

What does 'glyc/o-' refer to?

glucose; sugar Signup and view all the answers

What does 'insul/o-' mean?

island Signup and view all the answers

What does 'insulin/o-' represent?

insulin Signup and view all the answers

What does 'pancreat/o-' signify?

pancreas Signup and view all the answers

What does 'somat/o-' mean?

body Signup and view all the answers

What does 'stat/o-' refer to?

standing still; staying in one place Signup and view all the answers

What does 'adrenal/o-' mean?

adrenal gland Signup and view all the answers

What does 'ren/o-' signify?

kidney Signup and view all the answers

What does 'andr/o-' represent?

male Signup and view all the answers

What does 'viril/o-' mean?

masculine Signup and view all the answers

What does 'estr/o-' signify?

female Signup and view all the answers

What does 'mineral/o-' mean?

electrolyte; mineral Signup and view all the answers

What does 'estr/a-' represent?

female Signup and view all the answers

What does 'ovari/o-' signify?

ovary Signup and view all the answers

What does 'testicul/o-' mean?

testicle; testis Signup and view all the answers

What does 'test/o-' pertain to?

testicle; testis Signup and view all the answers

What does 'antagon/o-' represent?

oppose; work against Signup and view all the answers

What does 'inhibit/o-' mean?

block; hold back Signup and view all the answers

What does 'recept/o-' signify?

receive Signup and view all the answers

What does 'erg/o-' mean?

activity; work Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix '-al' indicate?

pertaining to Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix '-an' mean?

pertaining to Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix '-ar' signify?

pertaining to Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix '-ation' indicate?

being; having; process Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix '-gen' mean?

that which produces Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix '-ic' represent?

pertaining to Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix '-ism' signify?

disease from a specific cause; process Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix '-oid' mean?

resembling Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix '-or' pertain to?

person who does; thing that produces Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix '-stasis' mean?

standing still; staying in one place Signup and view all the answers

What does the prefix 'ad-' signify?

toward Signup and view all the answers

What does the prefix 'eu-' represent?

good; normal Signup and view all the answers

What does 'hypo-' mean?

below; deficient Signup and view all the answers

What does 'para-' signify?

abnormal; apart from; beside; two parts of a pair Signup and view all the answers

What does 'pro-' mean?

before Signup and view all the answers

What does 'syn-' signify?

together Signup and view all the answers

What does 'hyperpituitarism' refer to?

disease from an overproduction of pituitary gland hormones Signup and view all the answers

What is 'adenoma'?

a glandular tumor Signup and view all the answers

What does 'hypopituitarism' mean?

disease from underproduction of pituitary gland hormones Signup and view all the answers

What does 'galactorrhea' refer to?

discharge of milk Signup and view all the answers

What does 'lactation' mean?

the process of producing milk Signup and view all the answers

What does 'gigantism' refer to?

abnormal growth due to excess hormone production Signup and view all the answers

What is 'acromegaly'?

enlargement of extremities due to excess growth hormone Signup and view all the answers

What does 'polyuria' mean?

excessive urination Signup and view all the answers

What does 'polydipsia' refer to?

excessive thirst Signup and view all the answers

What does 'uterine' mean?

pertaining to the uterus Signup and view all the answers

What does 'postpartum' refer to?

after childbirth Signup and view all the answers

What does 'affective' signify?

pertaining to mood or expression Signup and view all the answers

What does 'hyperthyroidism' mean?

condition of excessive thyroid hormone production Signup and view all the answers

What does 'thyrotoxicosis' signify?

condition caused by excessive thyroid hormone acting as a poison Signup and view all the answers

What does 'thyromegaly' refer to?

enlargement of the thyroid gland Signup and view all the answers

What does 'adenomatous' mean?

pertaining to a glandular tumor Signup and view all the answers

What does 'nodular' refer to?

pertaining to small knobby masses Signup and view all the answers

What does 'nontoxic' mean?

not poisonous Signup and view all the answers

What does 'endemic' refer to?

pertaining to a population within a specific area Signup and view all the answers

What does 'hypothyroidism' signify?

condition of deficient thyroid hormone production Signup and view all the answers

What does 'congenital' mean?

present at birth Signup and view all the answers

What does 'myxedema' signify?

swelling due to mucus-like substance Signup and view all the answers

What does 'carcinoma' mean?

a type of cancerous tumor Signup and view all the answers

What does 'thyroiditis' refer to?

infection or inflammation of the thyroid gland Signup and view all the answers

What does 'hyperparathyroidism' signify?

condition of excessive parathyroid hormone production Signup and view all the answers

What does 'hypercalcemia' mean?

condition of excess calcium in the blood Signup and view all the answers

What does 'hypoparathyroidism' signify?

condition of deficient parathyroid hormone production Signup and view all the answers

What does 'hypocalcemia' refer to?

condition of low calcium levels in the blood Signup and view all the answers

What does 'hyperinsulinism' mean?

condition of excess insulin production Signup and view all the answers

What does 'hypoglycemia' signify?

condition of low blood sugar levels Signup and view all the answers

What does 'resistance' mean?

state of being able to withstand Signup and view all the answers

What does 'diabetic' mean?

related to diabetes Signup and view all the answers

What does 'hyperglycemia' signify?

condition of excessive sugar in the blood Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Medical Terminology Key Roots and Definitions

crin/o-: Refers to secretion, crucial in understanding endocrine functions.
neur/o-: Indicates nerve, foundational for neurology and nerve-related ailments.
glandul/o-: Denotes gland, central to endocrine system functions.
home/o-: Suggests sameness, integral to homeostasis in body systems.
hormon/o-: Involves hormones, vital for signaling processes within the body.
thalam/o-: Refers to thalamus, a key brain structure in processing sensory information.
adren/o-: Relates to the adrenal gland, important for stress response and metabolism.
cortic/o-: Describes the cortex, associated with outer regions of organs, particularly the adrenal gland.
trop/o-: Indicates having an affinity for or stimulating effect, significant in hormone interactions.
pituit/o- / hypophys/o-: Both terms refer to the pituitary gland, often termed the "master gland" for hormone regulation.
aden/o-: Another reference to gland, supporting terminology related to glandular functions.
ur/o-: Pertains to urine, critical for renal function and metabolic waste management.
stimul/o-: Relates to excitation; important in contexts of stimulation responses in various systems.
gonad/o-: Indicates gonads (ovaries/testes), vital for reproductive endocrinology.
melan/o-: Signifies black, often used in descriptions related to pigmentation.
ox/y-: Refers to oxygen; central to cellular respiration processes.
toc/o-: Relates to childbirth, essential in obstetrics and labor.
lact/o- / galact/o-: Both indicate milk, important for understanding lactation biology.
thyr/o- / thyroid/o-: Refers to thyroid gland; critical in metabolic regulation and hormonal balance.
calc/i- / calc/o-: Relate to calcium, essential for bone health and metabolic functions.
ton/o-: Indicates pressure or tone, relevant in various physiological contexts.
andr/o- / viril/o-: Refers to male characteristics; important in studies of masculinity and hormones.
estr/o- / estr/a-: Both refer to female, significant in reproductive studies and hormonal influences.
mineral/o-: Refers to minerals/electrolytes, essential for various physiological functions.

Medical Terminology Suffixes and Their Meanings

-al / -an / -ar / -ic: Suffixes indicating "pertaining to," used extensively in medical terminology to specify relationships.
-ation: Signifies a process or state; key in defining physiological processes.
-gen: Denotes something that produces, important in contexts like pathology and biochemistry.
-ism: Indicates a disease or process caused by a specific factor; fundamental in medical diagnoses.
-oid: Suggests resemblance, often seen in descriptive terms for conditions.
-or: Refers to a person or thing that produces an effect, frequently used in procedural terminologies.
-stasis: Refers to standing still; relevant in describing states of balance or lack of movement.

Common Medical Conditions and Terminologies

hyperpituitarism: Condition of excessive pituitary hormone production; leads to various health issues.
adenoma: A benign tumor originating in glandular tissue, critical for diagnosing endocrine disorders.
hypopituitarism: Condition of reduced hormone secretion from the pituitary gland; affects multiple systems.
galactorrhea: Abnormal milk discharge unrelated to breastfeeding; could indicate hormonal imbalance.
lactation: The process of producing milk; significant in maternal health and infant nutrition.
gigantism: Condition characterized by excessive growth due to hormone overproduction, often from pituitary adenomas.
acromegaly: Condition of enlarged body parts due to excess growth hormone, primarily occurring in adults.
polyuria & polydipsia: Conditions of increased urine output and thirst, typically associated with diabetes mellitus.
postpartum: Referring to the time after childbirth; important for maternal health considerations.
hyperthyroidism & hypothyroidism: Conditions of overactive and underactive thyroid function, crucial for metabolic regulation.
hypercalcemia & hypocalcemia: Conditions of elevated or lowered calcium levels in the blood; essential for bone health and neuromuscular function.

Additional Concepts

myxedema: Severe hypothyroidism leading to swelling; critical in understanding thyroid-related conditions.
carcinoma: Type of cancer originating from epithelial cells; important for cancer diagnostics.
thyroiditis: Inflammation of the thyroid gland; significant for understanding thyroid disorders.
genetic & congenital: Terms relating to inherited conditions present from birth; essential in developmental biology.
resistance: Referring to the body's ability to withstand certain effects, notably in hormonal contexts.

These notes summarize key medical terminology related to the endocrine system, glands,-related conditions, and defining suffixes, vital for understanding and communicating in the medical field.

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Test your knowledge of key terms in Medical Terminology Chapter 14. This quiz focuses on essential vocabulary related to hormones, glands, and the nervous system, including prefixes and roots. It's a perfect tool for students wanting to master medical language concepts.