Medical Terminology Chapter 6 Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is the condition of pus in the urine?

Diuresis

Pyuria (correct)

Pyrurea

Cystostomy

What does pyrurea indicate?

Presence of neutrophils in urine; indicative of a UTI.

What is a vesicostomy?

A surgical opening in the bladder to the outside of the body.

Define cystostomy.

Creating an artificial opening into the bladder. Signup and view all the answers

What does diurnal mean?

Having a daily cycle. Signup and view all the answers

What is diuresis?

Increased formation and excretion of urine. Signup and view all the answers

What is nocturia?

Excessive urination at night. Signup and view all the answers

What does UTI stand for?

Urinary Tract Infection. Signup and view all the answers

What is kidney disease?

Renal failure or renal insufficiency. Signup and view all the answers

What is a kidney infection?

A specific type of urinary tract infection that travels up to the kidneys. Signup and view all the answers

What causes a bladder infection?

Bacteria travels up the urethra causing an infection. Signup and view all the answers

What is dysuria?

Painful urination. Signup and view all the answers

What is polyuria?

Excessive urination. Signup and view all the answers

What does BUN stand for?

Blood Urea Nitrogen. Signup and view all the answers

What is an antidiuretic?

An agent that helps control body water balance by reducing urination. Signup and view all the answers

What is a diuretic?

A medication that stimulates the kidneys to increase urine secretion. Signup and view all the answers

What is an antispasmodic?

A medication that suppresses smooth muscle contractions. Signup and view all the answers

What is the urethra?

Tube from bladder to outside body. Signup and view all the answers

What is cystoscopy?

Procedure through the urethra. Signup and view all the answers

What procedure is used for removing kidney stones?

Peritoneal dialysis. Signup and view all the answers

What is pyelonephritis?

Inflammation of the renal pelvis and the kidney. Signup and view all the answers

What is glomerulonephritis?

Inflammation of the glomeruli within the kidney. Signup and view all the answers

What is anuria?

Absence of urine. Signup and view all the answers

What does oliguria refer to?

Decreased urine output. Signup and view all the answers

What does albuminuria indicate?

Abnormal condition of protein (albumin) in the urine. Signup and view all the answers

What is urgency in the context of urinary health?

Abrupt onset of urge to urinate. Signup and view all the answers

What organ involvement is indicated by bilirubin?

Liver. Signup and view all the answers

What is urolithiasis?

Stone within the urinary system. Signup and view all the answers

What does retroperitoneal describe?

The kidney position. Signup and view all the answers

What does retroabdominal mean?

Behind the abdomen. Signup and view all the answers

What does intraabdominal refer to?

Inside the abdomen. Signup and view all the answers

What is incontinence?

Involuntary urination. Signup and view all the answers

What is retention in relation to urinary health?

Inability to empty the bladder. Signup and view all the answers

What is enuresis?

The involuntary discharge of urine. Signup and view all the answers

What is glycosuria?

Glucose in the urine. Signup and view all the answers

What is hyperglycemia?

Excessive sugar in the blood. Signup and view all the answers

What does hematuria mean?

Blood in urine. Signup and view all the answers

What is proteinuria?

Protein in urine. Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of glycosuria?

Glucose in urine. Signup and view all the answers

What does nitrogen in urine indicate?

BUN. Signup and view all the answers

What is the urinary bladder?

Sack that stores urine. Signup and view all the answers

What is neuropathy in relation to kidney disease?

Kidney disease. Signup and view all the answers

What does nephr/itis refer to?

Inflammation of the kidney. Signup and view all the answers

What is urethritis?

Inflammation of the urethra. Signup and view all the answers

What does dark urine indicate?

Urine appearance when dehydrated. Signup and view all the answers

What is urolithiasis in relation to kidney stones?

Stones in the urinary tract. Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of a urinary tract infection?

Infection anywhere in the urinary system. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Urinary System Conditions and Procedures

Pyuria: Presence of pus in urine, indicating infection.
Pyrurea: Presence of neutrophils in urine, commonly associated with urinary tract infection (UTI).
Vesicostomy: Surgical procedure creating an opening in the bladder to allow urine drainage, preventing UTIs and kidney damage.
Cystostomy: An artificial opening created into the bladder.
Cystoscopy: Procedure performed through the urethra to examine the bladder.
Peritoneal dialysis: Procedure for removing kidney stones through the peritoneum.

Urine Production and Excretion

Diurnal: Refers to processes or cycles occurring daily.
Diuresis: Increased urine formation and excretion.
Nocturia: Excessive urination occurring at night.
Polyuria: Abnormally high urine output.
Oliguria: Decreased urine output.
Anuria: Absence of urine production.

Urinary Tract Infections and Inflammations

UTI: General term for urinary tract infections which can affect the urethra, bladder, kidneys, and more.
Kidney infection: A type of UTI that begins in the bladder or urethra and travels to the kidneys.
Bladder infection: Involves bacteria traveling up the urethra, resulting in common symptoms like pain and burning during urination.
Dysuria: Painful and difficult urination.
Pyelonephritis: Inflammation of the renal pelvis and kidney tissue.
Glomerulonephritis: Inflammation specifically affecting the kidney's glomeruli.

Urinary Components and Issues

BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen): A measure indicating kidney function by assessing urea in the blood.
Glycosuria: Presence of glucose in urine, often indicative of diabetes.
Hematuria: Presence of blood in urine, signaling possible underlying conditions.
Albuminuria: Abnormal protein (albumin) levels in urine, often pointing to kidney damage.

Urinary Bladder and Kidney Functions

Urinary bladder: The organ that stores urine until it is excreted.
Incontinence: Involuntary urination, leading to loss of bladder control.
Retention: The inability to empty the bladder completely.
Enuresis: Involuntary discharge of urine.
Urolithiasis: Formation of stones within the urinary system, which can occur in kidneys, ureters, or bladder.

Miscellaneous Terms

Antidiuretic: A substance that reduces urine production, helping to manage body water balance.
Diuretic: Medication that stimulates kidney function to increase urine output and decrease fluid retention.
Antispasmodic: Drug used to relieve smooth muscle spasms in the stomach, intestine, or bladder.
Retroperitoneal: Refers to the anatomical position of the kidneys situated behind the peritoneum.
Intraabdominal: Describes structures located inside the abdomen.
Retroabdominal: Indicates positions or conditions that exist behind the abdomen.

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Description

Test your knowledge of medical terminology with these flashcards on chapter 6. This quiz covers important terms related to conditions affecting urine, surgical procedures, and urinary tract health. Perfect for medical students and professionals alike.