Medical Terminology Chapter 5 Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What does Cephal/o mean?

Cerebellum

Brain

Spinal cord

Head (correct)

What is the meaning of Cerebell/o?

Cerebellum

What does Cerebr/o refer to?

Brain

What is the meaning of Encephal/o?

Brain Signup and view all the answers

What does Gangli/o mean?

Ganglion Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of Gil/o?

Glue, gluelike Signup and view all the answers

What does Lex/o mean?

Word, phrase Signup and view all the answers

What does Mening/o refer to?

Meninges Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of Meningi/o?

Meninges Signup and view all the answers

What does Myel/o mean?

Spinal cord, bone marrow Signup and view all the answers

What does Narc/o refer to?

Sleep, stupor Signup and view all the answers

What does Neur/o mean?

Nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of Phas/o?

Speech Signup and view all the answers

What does Psych/o mean?

Mind Signup and view all the answers

What does Radicul/o refer to?

Nerve root Signup and view all the answers

What does Spin/o mean?

Spine Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of Sthen/o?

Strength Signup and view all the answers

What does Thalam/o refer to?

Thalamus Signup and view all the answers

What does Ton/o mean?

Tension, tone Signup and view all the answers

What does Ventricul/o mean?

Ventricle Signup and view all the answers

What is Alzheimer's disease?

Form of chronic, progressive dementia Signup and view all the answers

What is Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)?

Chronic, progressive neuromuscular disorder Signup and view all the answers

What is Bell's Palsy?

Form of facial paralysis Signup and view all the answers

What is a Brain abscess?

Collection of pus within the brain Signup and view all the answers

What does Brain tumor refer to?

Any type of abnormal mass in the cranium Signup and view all the answers

What is Cerebral concussion?

Brief loss of consciousness or disorientation after a head injury Signup and view all the answers

What is Cerebral contusion?

Bruising of the brain Signup and view all the answers

What does Cerebral palsy (CP) refer to?

Group of motor impairment syndromes Signup and view all the answers

What is Huntington's disease?

Hereditary progressive degenerative nervous disorder Signup and view all the answers

What is Meningitis?

Infection and inflammation of the meninges Signup and view all the answers

What does Migraine headache refer to?

Familial disorder marked by severe throbbing headache Signup and view all the answers

What is Multiple sclerosis (MS)?

Disease involving progressive myelin degeneration Signup and view all the answers

What is a Neural tube defect?

Incomplete closure of spinal canal Signup and view all the answers

What does Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) refer to?

Damage or death of brain tissue due to interrupted blood supply Signup and view all the answers

What is Delirium?

Acute reversible state of agitated confusion Signup and view all the answers

What is Dementia?

Progressive neurological disorder with cognitive decline Signup and view all the answers

What is Depression?

Mood disorder marked by loss of interest Signup and view all the answers

What does Encephalitis refer to?

Inflammation of the brain Signup and view all the answers

What is Epidural hematoma?

Collection of blood between the dura mater and skull Signup and view all the answers

What is Epilepsy?

Chronic disorder of the brain marked by recurrent seizures Signup and view all the answers

What is Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS)?

Acute inflammatory disorder causing paralysis Signup and view all the answers

What is Parkinson's disease?

Progressive degenerative disorder resulting in tremors Signup and view all the answers

What is Peripheral neuropathy?

Dysfunction of nerves transmitting information to and from the brain Signup and view all the answers

What does Poliomyelitis refer to?

Inflammation of the spinal cord caused by a virus Signup and view all the answers

What is Reye's syndrome?

Serious disease associated with aspirin use in children Signup and view all the answers

What is Sciatica?

Painful numbness along the sciatic nerve pathway Signup and view all the answers

What does Shingles refer to?

Unilateral painful vesicles on the upper body Signup and view all the answers

What is a Spinal cord injury (SCI)?

Dramatic bruising or tearing of the spinal cord Signup and view all the answers

What does Spinal stenosis mean?

Narrowing of the spine putting pressure on nerves Signup and view all the answers

What is Subdural hematoma?

Collection of blood between dura and arachnoid layer Signup and view all the answers

What is a Tension headache?

Non-migraine headache with pain felt in the head Signup and view all the answers

What is Transient global amnesia (TGA)?

Rare disorder causing sudden temporary loss of memory Signup and view all the answers

What does Transient ischemic attack (TIA) refer to?

Temporary stroke-like symptoms Signup and view all the answers

What is a Traumatic brain injury (TBI)?

Injury to the brain from a blow to the head Signup and view all the answers

What is Trigeminal neuralgia?

Neurological disorder causing severe facial pain Signup and view all the answers

What does Tetanus refer to?

Illness marked by severe muscle spasms Signup and view all the answers

What does ADHD stand for?

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Signup and view all the answers

What does ALS stand for?

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Signup and view all the answers

What does ANS stand for?

Autonomic nervous system Signup and view all the answers

What does CNS stand for?

Central nervous system Signup and view all the answers

What does CP stand for?

Cerebral palsy Signup and view all the answers

What does CSF stand for?

Cerebral spinal fluid Signup and view all the answers

What does CT stand for?

Computed tomography Signup and view all the answers

What does CVA stand for?

Cerebrovascular accident Signup and view all the answers

What does EEG stand for?

Electroencephalography Signup and view all the answers

What does EMG stand for?

Electromyogram Signup and view all the answers

What does GBS stand for?

Guillain-Barré syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What does ICP stand for?

Intracranial pressure Signup and view all the answers

What does LOC stand for?

Level of consciousness Signup and view all the answers

What does LP stand for?

Lumbar puncture Signup and view all the answers

What does MRI stand for?

Magnetic resonance imaging Signup and view all the answers

What does MVA stand for?

Motor vehicle accident Signup and view all the answers

What does MS stand for?

Multiple sclerosis Signup and view all the answers

What does OCD stand for?

Obsessive compulsive disorder Signup and view all the answers

What does PNS stand for?

Peripheral nervous system Signup and view all the answers

What does SCI stand for?

Spinal cord injury Signup and view all the answers

What does TBI stand for?

Traumatic brain injury Signup and view all the answers

What does TGA stand for?

Transient global amnesia Signup and view all the answers

What does TIA stand for?

Transient ischemic attack Signup and view all the answers

What does TN stand for?

Trigeminal neuralgia Signup and view all the answers

What is Cerebrospinal fluid analysis?

Analysis of CSF for blood and abnormalities Signup and view all the answers

What is Computed tomography (CT)?

Study using radiology for brain and spinal cord Signup and view all the answers

What is Electroencephalography (EEG)?

Study of electrical activity of the brain Signup and view all the answers

What is Electromyogram (EMG)?

Record of muscle activity from electrical stimulation Signup and view all the answers

What is Lumbar puncture (LP)?

Puncture to obtain CSF for analysis Signup and view all the answers

What is Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)?

Use of magnets to create visual images Signup and view all the answers

What is Myelography?

Radiography of the spinal cord and nerves Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Medical Terminology Overview

Cephal/o: Refers to the head; example: cephalalgia (head pain).
Cerebell/o: Relates to the cerebellum; example: cerebellitis (inflammation of the cerebellum).
Cerebr/o: Pertains to the brain; example: cerebrovascular (related to brain vessels).
Encephal/o: Also denotes the brain; example: encephalocele (hernia of the brain).
Gangli/o: Refers to a ganglion; example: ganglioma (tumor of ganglion).
Gil/o: Denotes gluelike tissue; example: glioma (gluelike tumor).
Lex/o: Refers to words or phrases; example: dyslexia (difficulty with words).
Mening/o and Meningi/o: Both relate to the meninges; examples include meningitis (inflammation) and meningioma (tumor).
Myel/o: Refers to the spinal cord or bone marrow; example: myelography (recording of the spinal cord).
Narc/o: Pertains to sleep; example: narcolepsy (sleep seizures).
Neur/o: Involves nerves; example: neurocytoma (nerve cell tumor).
Phas/o: Relates to speech; example: aphasia (absence of speech).
Psych/o: Pertains to the mind; example: psychiatry (study of the mind).
Radicul/o: Refers to nerve roots; example: radiculopathy (nerve root disease).
Spin/o: Denotes the spine; example: spinal stenosis (narrowing of the spinal canal).
Sthen/o: Refers to strength; example: myasthenia (muscle weakness).
Thalam/o: Relates to the thalamus; example: thalamotomy (surgical incision of the thalamus).
Ton/o: Pertains to tension; example: tonometer (instrument measuring tension).
Ventricul/o: Refers to ventricles; example: ventriculoscopy (examination of ventricles).

Neurological Disorders

Alzheimer's disease: Chronic progressive dementia resulting from brain atrophy.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS): Progressive degenerative disorder affecting motor neurons; commonly known as Lou Gehrig's disease.
Bell's Palsy: Unilateral facial paralysis, typically temporary.
Brain Abscess: Collection of pus in the brain.
Brain Tumor: Abnormal mass within the cranium.
Cerebral Concussion: Temporary loss of consciousness or confusion after head injury.
Cerebral Contusion: Bruising of brain tissue.
Cerebral Palsy (CP): Motor impairment syndromes from early brain lesions.
Huntington's Disease: Hereditary disorder causing involuntary movements and dementia.
Meningitis: Infection of the meninges and spinal cord, often caused by an infectious illness; can lead to encephalomeningitis.
Migraine Headache: Severe, often unilateral headaches with genetic links.
Multiple Sclerosis (MS): Disease with progressive myelin degeneration affecting muscle strength and coordination.
Neural Tube Defect: Incomplete closure of the spinal canal leading to paralysis (spina bifida).
Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA): Stroke caused by interruption in blood supply to the brain.
Dementia: Progressive decline in cognition due to brain damage.
Parkinson’s Disease: Degenerative disorder leading to tremors and gait abnormalities.

Diagnostic Terms and Procedures

Tension Headache: Non-migraine headache with diffuse pain.
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA): Temporary stroke-like symptoms due to brief blood supply interruption.
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI): Brain injury from external force.
Electroencephalography (EEG): Study of brain's electrical activity.
Electromyogram (EMG): Record of muscle activity from electrical stimulation.
Lumbar Puncture (LP): Procedure for obtaining CSF for analysis; involves puncturing the subarachnoid layer.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Imaging technique using electromagnetic fields to visualize brain structures.
Myelography: Imaging of the spinal cord after contrast injection.

Abbreviations

CNS: Central Nervous System
PNS: Peripheral Nervous System
CSF: Cerebrospinal Fluid
MRI: Magnetic Resonance Imaging
CT: Computed Tomography
TBI: Traumatic Brain Injury
TIA: Transient Ischemic Attack
CP: Cerebral Palsy
MS: Multiple Sclerosis
ALS: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
ADHD: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Important Notes

Recognize the implications of neurological terms in relation to symptoms and conditions.
Understand the importance of accurate terminology for communication in medical settings.
Familiarize with different types of headache and their characteristics for diagnosis.

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Test your knowledge with these flashcards focused on Chapter 5 of Medical Terminology. Each card includes a word, its meaning, and an example to enhance your learning. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of medical vocabulary related to the head and brain.