Questions and Answers
What does the prefix 'acr/o' refer to?
What does 'adren/o' refer to?
What does 'crin/o' mean?
Secrete
'-dipsia' refers to which sensation?
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What does 'glyc/o' refer to?
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What are 'gonad/o' referring to?
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What does the suffix '-ism' denote?
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What does 'pancreat/o' refer to?
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What are 'parathyroid/o' glands?
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What does 'pineal/o' refer to?
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What are 'pituitar/o' glands?
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What does 'poly-' mean?
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What does 'somat/o' refer to?
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What does 'thym/o' refer to?
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What does 'thyr/o' denote?
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What does 'thyroid/o' refer to?
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What is the primary function of the endocrine system?
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Define homeostasis.
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What does 'home/o' mean?
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What does '-stasis' denote?
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What are hormones?
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What are endocrine glands?
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What does 'endo-' mean?
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How many major glands make up the endocrine system?
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What is the pituitary gland known for?
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What does ACTH stimulate?
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What does 'cortic/o' refer to?
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What does 'trop' mean?
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What is the function of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in females?
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What role does growth hormone (GH) play in the body?
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What does '-tropic' mean?
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What does interstitial cell-stimulating hormone (ICSH) stimulate in males?
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What does lactogenic hormone (LTH) stimulate?
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What does 'lact/o' refer to?
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What does 'gen' mean?
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What does luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulate in females?
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What is the role of melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)?
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What does thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) stimulate?
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What does the antidiuretic hormone (ADH) help control?
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What is a diuretic?
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What does oxytocin (OXT) stimulate?
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What does 'oxy-' mean?
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What does '-tocin' refer to?
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What is Pitocin?
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What is the pineal gland responsible for?
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What does melatonin influence?
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What describes the circadian cycle?
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Where is the thyroid gland located?
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What does metabolism describe?
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What are the two primary thyroid hormones?
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What does calcitonin do?
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What is the function of parathyroid glands?
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What does parathyroid hormone (PTH) do?
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Where is the thymus located?
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What does the pancreas function as?
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What are pancreatic islets?
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What is an islet?
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What is glucose?
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What is glucagon responsible for?
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What do alpha cells secrete?
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What is the role of insulin?
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What are adrenal glands also referred to as?
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What does adrenal cortex refer to?
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What does adrenal medulla refer to?
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What are electrolytes?
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What are some secretions of the adrenal cortex?
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What are androgens?
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What are corticosteroids?
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What does aldosterone regulate?
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What is reabsorption?
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What do beta cells secrete?
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What does cortisol do?
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What are the secretions of the adrenal medulla?
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What does epinephrine do?
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What does norepinephrine do?
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What are gonads?
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What are secondary sex characteristics?
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What is puberty?
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What is precocious puberty?
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What does 'precocious' mean?
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What does estrogen do?
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What is the function of progesterone?
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What is a gamete?
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What are gonadotropins?
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What does '-tropin' mean?
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What are androgens primarily responsible for?
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What is testosterone?
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What are steroids?
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What are anabolic steroids?
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What does leptin do?
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What are neurohormones?
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What does an endocrinologist specialize in?
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What does 'endocrin/o' mean?
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What does '-ologist' refer to?
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What is a certified diabetes educator (CDE)?
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What is acromegaly?
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What does '-megaly' refer to?
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What is gigantism?
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Study Notes
Medical Terminology - Endocrine System
- Acr/o: Refers to extremities, particularly hands and feet.
- Adren/o: Pertains to adrenal glands.
- Crin/o: Means to secrete.
- -Dipsia: Indicates thirst.
- Glyc/o: Relates to glucose or sugar.
- Gonad/o: Refers to gonads or sex glands.
- -Ism: Signifies a condition or state.
- Pancreat/o: Relates to pancreas.
- Parathyroid/o: Pertains to parathyroid glands.
- Pineal/o: Relates to the pineal gland.
- Pituitar/o: Refers to the pituitary gland.
- Poly-: Indicates many.
- Somat/o: Relates to the body.
- Thym/o: Pertains to the thymus gland.
- Thyr/o: Related to the thyroid gland.
- Thyroid/o: Also pertains to the thyroid gland.
Endocrine System Functions and Glands
- Primary Function of Endocrine System: Produces hormones for maintaining homeostasis.
- Homeostasis: Processes that maintain a constant internal environment in the body.
- Hormones: Chemical messengers secreted by endocrine glands into the bloodstream, regulating specific cell and organ functions.
- Endocrine Glands: Do not have ducts and include 13 major glands, such as the pituitary, thyroid, adrenal glands, and gonads.
Pituitary Gland
- Structure: Pea-sized, divided into anterior and posterior lobes; connects to the hypothalamus.
- Function: Secretes hormones that regulate other endocrine glands.
- ACTH: Stimulates adrenal cortex growth and secretion.
- FSH: In females, stimulates ovary function; in males, promotes sperm production.
- GH: Regulates growth of bones and muscles.
- LH: Triggers ovulation in females; stimulates testosterone in males.
- TSH: Stimulates thyroid hormone secretion.
Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands
- Thyroid Gland: Regulates metabolism, growth, and nervous system function; secretes T4 and T3 hormones.
- Calcitonin: Lowers blood calcium levels; produced by the thyroid.
- Parathyroid Glands: Regulate calcium levels; secretes parathyroid hormone (PTH) which increases blood calcium.
Thymus and Pancreas
- Thymus: Located anterior to the heart; secretes thymosin, vital for immune system function (T cell maturation).
-
Pancreas: Functions in both digestive and endocrine systems.
- Islets of Langerhans: Regulate blood sugar via insulin (lowers glucose levels) and glucagon (raises glucose levels).
Adrenal Glands
- Location: One on top of each kidney.
- Functions: Control electrolyte levels, regulate metabolism, and respond to stress.
- Adrenal Cortex: Secretes hormones such as aldosterone (control of blood pressure) and cortisol (regulates metabolism).
- Adrenal Medulla: Produces epinephrine (stimulates fight-or-flight response) and norepinephrine.
Gonads and Sexual Hormones
- Gonads: Ovaries in females and testicles in males; responsible for producing gametes and sex hormones.
- Estrogen: Regulates female secondary sex characteristics and menstrual cycle.
- Testosterone: Promotes male secondary sex characteristics and spermatogenesis.
Puberty and Related Conditions
- Puberty: Marks physical changes that enable reproduction; averages at age 12 for girls and 11 for boys.
- Precocious Puberty: Early onset of sexual maturation, occurring before age 8 in girls and age 9 in boys.
Specialized Professionals
- Endocrinologist: Physician specializing in endocrine disorders.
- Certified Diabetes Educator (CDE): Educates patients on diabetes management.
Disorders
- Acromegaly: Enlargement of extremities due to excess growth hormone after puberty.
- Gigantism: Abnormal growth due to excess growth hormone secretion before puberty.
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Description
Test your knowledge of medical terminology with this set of flashcards focusing on Chapter 13. Each card features a medical root word or suffix, along with its definition. Perfect for students preparing for exams or anyone interested in medical language.