Podcast
Questions and Answers
What does the prefix 'acr/o' refer to?
What does the prefix 'acr/o' refer to?
What does 'adren/o' refer to?
What does 'adren/o' refer to?
What does 'crin/o' mean?
What does 'crin/o' mean?
Secrete
'-dipsia' refers to which sensation?
'-dipsia' refers to which sensation?
Signup and view all the answers
What does 'glyc/o' refer to?
What does 'glyc/o' refer to?
Signup and view all the answers
What are 'gonad/o' referring to?
What are 'gonad/o' referring to?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the suffix '-ism' denote?
What does the suffix '-ism' denote?
Signup and view all the answers
What does 'pancreat/o' refer to?
What does 'pancreat/o' refer to?
Signup and view all the answers
What are 'parathyroid/o' glands?
What are 'parathyroid/o' glands?
Signup and view all the answers
What does 'pineal/o' refer to?
What does 'pineal/o' refer to?
Signup and view all the answers
What are 'pituitar/o' glands?
What are 'pituitar/o' glands?
Signup and view all the answers
What does 'poly-' mean?
What does 'poly-' mean?
Signup and view all the answers
What does 'somat/o' refer to?
What does 'somat/o' refer to?
Signup and view all the answers
What does 'thym/o' refer to?
What does 'thym/o' refer to?
Signup and view all the answers
What does 'thyr/o' denote?
What does 'thyr/o' denote?
Signup and view all the answers
What does 'thyroid/o' refer to?
What does 'thyroid/o' refer to?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of the endocrine system?
What is the primary function of the endocrine system?
Signup and view all the answers
Define homeostasis.
Define homeostasis.
Signup and view all the answers
What does 'home/o' mean?
What does 'home/o' mean?
Signup and view all the answers
What does '-stasis' denote?
What does '-stasis' denote?
Signup and view all the answers
What are hormones?
What are hormones?
Signup and view all the answers
What are endocrine glands?
What are endocrine glands?
Signup and view all the answers
What does 'endo-' mean?
What does 'endo-' mean?
Signup and view all the answers
How many major glands make up the endocrine system?
How many major glands make up the endocrine system?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the pituitary gland known for?
What is the pituitary gland known for?
Signup and view all the answers
What does ACTH stimulate?
What does ACTH stimulate?
Signup and view all the answers
What does 'cortic/o' refer to?
What does 'cortic/o' refer to?
Signup and view all the answers
What does 'trop' mean?
What does 'trop' mean?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the function of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in females?
What is the function of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in females?
Signup and view all the answers
What role does growth hormone (GH) play in the body?
What role does growth hormone (GH) play in the body?
Signup and view all the answers
What does '-tropic' mean?
What does '-tropic' mean?
Signup and view all the answers
What does interstitial cell-stimulating hormone (ICSH) stimulate in males?
What does interstitial cell-stimulating hormone (ICSH) stimulate in males?
Signup and view all the answers
What does lactogenic hormone (LTH) stimulate?
What does lactogenic hormone (LTH) stimulate?
Signup and view all the answers
What does 'lact/o' refer to?
What does 'lact/o' refer to?
Signup and view all the answers
What does 'gen' mean?
What does 'gen' mean?
Signup and view all the answers
What does luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulate in females?
What does luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulate in females?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)?
What is the role of melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)?
Signup and view all the answers
What does thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) stimulate?
What does thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) stimulate?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the antidiuretic hormone (ADH) help control?
What does the antidiuretic hormone (ADH) help control?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a diuretic?
What is a diuretic?
Signup and view all the answers
What does oxytocin (OXT) stimulate?
What does oxytocin (OXT) stimulate?
Signup and view all the answers
What does 'oxy-' mean?
What does 'oxy-' mean?
Signup and view all the answers
What does '-tocin' refer to?
What does '-tocin' refer to?
Signup and view all the answers
What is Pitocin?
What is Pitocin?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the pineal gland responsible for?
What is the pineal gland responsible for?
Signup and view all the answers
What does melatonin influence?
What does melatonin influence?
Signup and view all the answers
What describes the circadian cycle?
What describes the circadian cycle?
Signup and view all the answers
Where is the thyroid gland located?
Where is the thyroid gland located?
Signup and view all the answers
What does metabolism describe?
What does metabolism describe?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the two primary thyroid hormones?
What are the two primary thyroid hormones?
Signup and view all the answers
What does calcitonin do?
What does calcitonin do?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the function of parathyroid glands?
What is the function of parathyroid glands?
Signup and view all the answers
What does parathyroid hormone (PTH) do?
What does parathyroid hormone (PTH) do?
Signup and view all the answers
Where is the thymus located?
Where is the thymus located?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the pancreas function as?
What does the pancreas function as?
Signup and view all the answers
What are pancreatic islets?
What are pancreatic islets?
Signup and view all the answers
What is an islet?
What is an islet?
Signup and view all the answers
What is glucose?
What is glucose?
Signup and view all the answers
What is glucagon responsible for?
What is glucagon responsible for?
Signup and view all the answers
What do alpha cells secrete?
What do alpha cells secrete?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of insulin?
What is the role of insulin?
Signup and view all the answers
What are adrenal glands also referred to as?
What are adrenal glands also referred to as?
Signup and view all the answers
What does adrenal cortex refer to?
What does adrenal cortex refer to?
Signup and view all the answers
What does adrenal medulla refer to?
What does adrenal medulla refer to?
Signup and view all the answers
What are electrolytes?
What are electrolytes?
Signup and view all the answers
What are some secretions of the adrenal cortex?
What are some secretions of the adrenal cortex?
Signup and view all the answers
What are androgens?
What are androgens?
Signup and view all the answers
What are corticosteroids?
What are corticosteroids?
Signup and view all the answers
What does aldosterone regulate?
What does aldosterone regulate?
Signup and view all the answers
What is reabsorption?
What is reabsorption?
Signup and view all the answers
What do beta cells secrete?
What do beta cells secrete?
Signup and view all the answers
What does cortisol do?
What does cortisol do?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the secretions of the adrenal medulla?
What are the secretions of the adrenal medulla?
Signup and view all the answers
What does epinephrine do?
What does epinephrine do?
Signup and view all the answers
What does norepinephrine do?
What does norepinephrine do?
Signup and view all the answers
What are gonads?
What are gonads?
Signup and view all the answers
What are secondary sex characteristics?
What are secondary sex characteristics?
Signup and view all the answers
What is puberty?
What is puberty?
Signup and view all the answers
What is precocious puberty?
What is precocious puberty?
Signup and view all the answers
What does 'precocious' mean?
What does 'precocious' mean?
Signup and view all the answers
What does estrogen do?
What does estrogen do?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the function of progesterone?
What is the function of progesterone?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a gamete?
What is a gamete?
Signup and view all the answers
What are gonadotropins?
What are gonadotropins?
Signup and view all the answers
What does '-tropin' mean?
What does '-tropin' mean?
Signup and view all the answers
What are androgens primarily responsible for?
What are androgens primarily responsible for?
Signup and view all the answers
What is testosterone?
What is testosterone?
Signup and view all the answers
What are steroids?
What are steroids?
Signup and view all the answers
What are anabolic steroids?
What are anabolic steroids?
Signup and view all the answers
What does leptin do?
What does leptin do?
Signup and view all the answers
What are neurohormones?
What are neurohormones?
Signup and view all the answers
What does an endocrinologist specialize in?
What does an endocrinologist specialize in?
Signup and view all the answers
What does 'endocrin/o' mean?
What does 'endocrin/o' mean?
Signup and view all the answers
What does '-ologist' refer to?
What does '-ologist' refer to?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a certified diabetes educator (CDE)?
What is a certified diabetes educator (CDE)?
Signup and view all the answers
What is acromegaly?
What is acromegaly?
Signup and view all the answers
What does '-megaly' refer to?
What does '-megaly' refer to?
Signup and view all the answers
What is gigantism?
What is gigantism?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Medical Terminology - Endocrine System
- Acr/o: Refers to extremities, particularly hands and feet.
- Adren/o: Pertains to adrenal glands.
- Crin/o: Means to secrete.
- -Dipsia: Indicates thirst.
- Glyc/o: Relates to glucose or sugar.
- Gonad/o: Refers to gonads or sex glands.
- -Ism: Signifies a condition or state.
- Pancreat/o: Relates to pancreas.
- Parathyroid/o: Pertains to parathyroid glands.
- Pineal/o: Relates to the pineal gland.
- Pituitar/o: Refers to the pituitary gland.
- Poly-: Indicates many.
- Somat/o: Relates to the body.
- Thym/o: Pertains to the thymus gland.
- Thyr/o: Related to the thyroid gland.
- Thyroid/o: Also pertains to the thyroid gland.
Endocrine System Functions and Glands
- Primary Function of Endocrine System: Produces hormones for maintaining homeostasis.
- Homeostasis: Processes that maintain a constant internal environment in the body.
- Hormones: Chemical messengers secreted by endocrine glands into the bloodstream, regulating specific cell and organ functions.
- Endocrine Glands: Do not have ducts and include 13 major glands, such as the pituitary, thyroid, adrenal glands, and gonads.
Pituitary Gland
- Structure: Pea-sized, divided into anterior and posterior lobes; connects to the hypothalamus.
- Function: Secretes hormones that regulate other endocrine glands.
- ACTH: Stimulates adrenal cortex growth and secretion.
- FSH: In females, stimulates ovary function; in males, promotes sperm production.
- GH: Regulates growth of bones and muscles.
- LH: Triggers ovulation in females; stimulates testosterone in males.
- TSH: Stimulates thyroid hormone secretion.
Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands
- Thyroid Gland: Regulates metabolism, growth, and nervous system function; secretes T4 and T3 hormones.
- Calcitonin: Lowers blood calcium levels; produced by the thyroid.
- Parathyroid Glands: Regulate calcium levels; secretes parathyroid hormone (PTH) which increases blood calcium.
Thymus and Pancreas
- Thymus: Located anterior to the heart; secretes thymosin, vital for immune system function (T cell maturation).
-
Pancreas: Functions in both digestive and endocrine systems.
- Islets of Langerhans: Regulate blood sugar via insulin (lowers glucose levels) and glucagon (raises glucose levels).
Adrenal Glands
- Location: One on top of each kidney.
- Functions: Control electrolyte levels, regulate metabolism, and respond to stress.
- Adrenal Cortex: Secretes hormones such as aldosterone (control of blood pressure) and cortisol (regulates metabolism).
- Adrenal Medulla: Produces epinephrine (stimulates fight-or-flight response) and norepinephrine.
Gonads and Sexual Hormones
- Gonads: Ovaries in females and testicles in males; responsible for producing gametes and sex hormones.
- Estrogen: Regulates female secondary sex characteristics and menstrual cycle.
- Testosterone: Promotes male secondary sex characteristics and spermatogenesis.
Puberty and Related Conditions
- Puberty: Marks physical changes that enable reproduction; averages at age 12 for girls and 11 for boys.
- Precocious Puberty: Early onset of sexual maturation, occurring before age 8 in girls and age 9 in boys.
Specialized Professionals
- Endocrinologist: Physician specializing in endocrine disorders.
- Certified Diabetes Educator (CDE): Educates patients on diabetes management.
Disorders
- Acromegaly: Enlargement of extremities due to excess growth hormone after puberty.
- Gigantism: Abnormal growth due to excess growth hormone secretion before puberty.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge of medical terminology with this set of flashcards focusing on Chapter 13. Each card features a medical root word or suffix, along with its definition. Perfect for students preparing for exams or anyone interested in medical language.