Medical Terminology Chapter 5 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What does the term Aort/o refer to?

Aorta

What does the term Arteri/o refer to?

Artery

What does the term Ather/o mean?

Plaque, fatty substance

What does the term Angi/o relate to?

<p>Relating to blood or lymph vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the prefix Brady- signify?

<p>Slow</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix -emia indicate?

<p>Blood or blood condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term Coron/o refer to?

<p>Crown, coronary</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term Cardi/o mean?

<p>Heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Erythr/o refer to?

<p>Red</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term Ech/o denote?

<p>Sound</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term Leuk/o refer to?

<p>White</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term Phleb/o refer to?

<p>Vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the prefix Tachy- signify?

<p>Fast, Rapid</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term Thromb/o refer to?

<p>Clot</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Hem/o mean?

<p>Blood, relating to blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for white blood cells?

<p>Leukocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is commonly known as the natural pacemaker of the heart?

<p>Sinoatrial node</p> Signup and view all the answers

What supplies blood to the myocardium?

<p>Coronary arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

What diagnostic procedure uses ultrasound to evaluate the heart?

<p>Echocardiography</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the bicuspid heart valve also known as?

<p>Mitral valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

What pumps blood to the lungs from the heart?

<p>Right ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the smallest formed elements in the blood?

<p>Thrombocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes a foreign object circulating in the blood?

<p>Embolus</p> Signup and view all the answers

Blood flows from the right ventricle to the?

<p>Left atrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for immature red blood cells?

<p>Reticulocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a hollow muscular organ that pumps blood?

<p>Heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Myocardium refer to?

<p>Cardiac muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the external layer of the heart called?

<p>Epicardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the inner lining of the heart called?

<p>Endocardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the sac enclosing the heart known as?

<p>Pericardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is known as good cholesterol?

<p>High-density lipoprotein</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is known as bad cholesterol?

<p>Low-density lipoprotein</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do you call an abnormally slow heartbeat?

<p>Bradycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes rapid, random, and ineffective contractions of the heart?

<p>Fibrillation</p> Signup and view all the answers

In recording blood pressure, what is the higher reading referred to as?

<p>Systolic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

In recording blood pressure, what is the lower reading called?

<p>Diastolic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition is characterized by an abnormal decrease in the number of white blood cells?

<p>Leukopenia</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct spelling for a ruptured aneurism?

<p>Aneurysm</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct spelling for the inflammation of a vein?

<p>Phlebitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct term for an abnormal heart rhythm?

<p>Arrhythmia</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct spelling for a genetic disorder characterized by short-lived red blood cells?

<p>Thalassemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct spelling for a fatty substance that circulates in the blood?

<p>Cholesterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does MV stand for?

<p>Mitral valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does S-A stand for?

<p>Sinoatrial node</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does RA stand for?

<p>Right atrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does A-V stand for?

<p>Atrioventricular node</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the left ventricle abbreviated as?

<p>LV</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition describes the presence of pathogens in the blood?

<p>Septicemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is chronic hypertension caused by a different medical problem known as?

<p>Secondary hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

What form of anemia is characterized by large, abnormal RBCs?

<p>Megaloblastic anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are medications administered to lower high blood pressure called?

<p>Antihypertensives</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a bacterial infection of the lining or valves of the heart known as?

<p>Bacterial endocarditis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is plasma with the clogging proteins removed called?

<p>Serum</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a localized, balloon-like enlargement of an artery called?

<p>Aneurysm</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the surgical removal of the lining of an artery called?

<p>Endarterectomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the protein found in red blood cells that is essential for oxygen transport?

<p>Hemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

What amino acid in elevated levels can damage arterial walls?

<p>Homocysteine</p> Signup and view all the answers

The interatrial septum separates the upper chambers of the heart.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Angiography is a study of the heart using sound waves.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Arteries have valves to allow blood to flow away from the heart.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The RH factor is an antigen present on the erythrocytes of most people.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Thrombocytopenia is an abnormal decrease in the number of platelets.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

An embolus is a blood clot attached to the interior wall of a vein or artery.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hemochromatosis is also known as iron overload disease.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plasmapheresis is a procedure in which the plasma is removed from donated blood and the remaining components are returned to the donor.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

A vasoconstrictor is a drug that enlarges the blood vessels.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

When erythrocytes are no longer useful, they are destroyed by macrophages in the spleen, liver, and bone marrow.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Allen Franklin suffered a myocardial ____ commonly known as a heart attack.

<p>Infarction</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for an abnormally slow heartbeat?

<p>Bradycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes abnormally swollen veins in the legs?

<p>Varicose</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition is characterized by spasmodic pain caused by lack of oxygen to the heart muscle?

<p>Angina pectoris</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the malignancy characterized by a progressive increase of abnormal leukocytes?

<p>Leukemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

What device is implanted to control atrial fibrillation?

<p>Pacemaker</p> Signup and view all the answers

The patient's electrocardiogram is also known as?

<p>ECG or EKG</p> Signup and view all the answers

What resuscitation technique saved Jason Turner's life?

<p>Cardiopulmonary</p> Signup and view all the answers

Darlene Nolan has mitral ____.

<p>Stenosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term refers to a group of cardiac disabilities from insufficient blood supply to the heart?

<p>Ischemic heart disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a fatty buildup within an artery called?

<p>Atheroma</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition is known as congestive heart failure?

<p>When the heart is unable to pump enough blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

Inflammation of a vein is known as ______.

<p>Phlebitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term meaning any abnormal or pathological conditions of the blood?

<p>Dyscrasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

The term meaning to suture an aneurysm is?

<p>Aneurysmorraphy</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms related to the heart:

<p>Peri- = Surrounding Angi/o = Blood vessel Cardi/o = Heart Phleb/o = Vein -ectomy = Surgical removal -megaly = Abnormal enlargement -rrhaphy = Suture -rrhexis = Rupture -stenosis = Narrowing</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the abnormal enlargement of the heart?

<p>Cardiomegaly</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the surgical removal of a portion of a blood vessel called?

<p>Angiectomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the abnormal narrowing of the lumen of a vein called?

<p>Phlebostenosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the surgical removal of the tissue surrounding the heart?

<p>Pericardiectomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for suture repair of a heart wall?

<p>Cardiorrhaphy</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term Phleborrhexis imply?

<p>Rupture of a vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the suture repair of any vessel, especially a blood vessel called?

<p>Angiorrhaphy</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Cardiorrhexis refer to?

<p>Rupture of the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the procedure to suture tissues surrounding the heart called?

<p>Pericardiorrhaphy</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the abnormal enlargement of blood vessels known as?

<p>Angiomegaly</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term Valv/o refer to?

<p>Valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Cardiovascular refer to?

<p>Pertaining to the heart and the blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

What fluid prevents friction between heartbeats?

<p>Pericardial fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two upper layers of the heart referred to as?

<p>Atria or Atrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the separating wall or partition of the atria called?

<p>Interatrial septum</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the lower chambers of the heart called?

<p>Ventricles</p> Signup and view all the answers

What separates the pumping chambers of the heart?

<p>Interventricular septum</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the narrow tip of the heart known as?

<p>Cardiac apex</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cardiovascular Terminology

  • Aorta (Aort/o): The main artery that carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body.
  • Artery (Arteri/o): Blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.
  • Plaque (Ather/o): A fatty substance that can build up in arteries, leading to atherosclerosis.
  • Blood Vessels (Angi/o): Refers to both blood and lymph vessels involved in circulation.
  • Bradycardia (Brady-): A condition defined by an abnormally slow heart rate.
  • Blood Condition (-emia): A suffix indicating a condition related to blood.

Hematological Terms

  • Red (Erythr/o): Related to red blood cells or erythrocytes.
  • Sound (Ech/o): Used in terms like echocardiography, an ultrasound procedure for the heart.
  • White (Leuk/o): Related to white blood cells or leukocytes.
  • Vein (Phleb/o): Blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart.
  • Clot (Thromb/o): Refers to thrombocytes, key components in the coagulation process.
  • Blood (Hem/o): A prefix that denotes relationships to blood.

Heart Structure and Function

  • Pacemaker (Sinoatrial node): The heart's natural pacemaker that regulates the heartbeat.
  • Mitral Valve (Bicuspid heart valve): A valve between the left atrium and left ventricle that prevents backflow.
  • Right Ventricle: Pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation.
  • Thrombocytes: Also known as platelets, they are the smallest formed elements in blood, crucial for clotting.
  • Embolus: A term for a foreign object (such as a blood clot) that travels through the bloodstream.

Heart Conditions

  • Congestive Heart Failure: A condition where the heart fails to supply adequate blood to meet body needs.
  • Angina Pectoris: Characterized by chest pain due to lack of oxygen to the heart muscle.
  • Leukemia: A malignancy marked by an increase of abnormal white blood cells.
  • Ischemic Heart Disease: Insufficient blood supply leading to heart conditions.
  • Megaloblastic Anemia: Anemia due to large, abnormal red blood cells.

Diagnostic Procedures and Treatments

  • Echocardiography: An ultrasound procedure to assess heart structures and function.
  • Cardiac Arrest Resuscitation: Emergency procedure known as CPR used to revive someone whose heart has stopped.
  • Antihypertensives: Medications used to lower high blood pressure.
  • Plasmapheresis: A procedure that removes plasma from blood and returns other components to the donor.

Anatomical Structures

  • Myocardium: The heart muscle responsible for pumping blood.
  • Pericardium: The sac surrounding the heart, containing pericardial fluid to reduce friction.
  • Interatrial Septum: The wall separating the upper chambers (atria) of the heart.
  • Ventricles: The lower pumping chambers of the heart responsible for delivering blood to the lungs and body.

Key Terms and Conditions

  • Septicemia: The presence of pathogenic organisms in the blood.
  • Dyscrasia: Any abnormal condition of the blood.
  • Atheroma: A fatty deposit within an artery, contributing to heart disease.
  • Pacemaker Implantation: Treatment for controlling abnormal heart rhythms.
  • Aneurysm: A balloon-like enlargement of an artery that can rupture.

Important Blood Pressure Readings

  • Systolic Pressure: The higher reading, measuring pressure during heartbeats.
  • Diastolic Pressure: The lower reading, measuring pressure between heartbeats.

Misconceptions and True/False

  • False: Arteries have valves to allow blood to flow away from the heart.
  • True: Thrombocytopenia is an abnormal decrease in platelets.
  • False: An embolus is a blood clot attached to the wall; that is a thrombus.

Abnormal Conditions and Procedures

  • Cardiomoeagly: Abnormal enlargement of the heart.
  • Endarterectomy: Surgical removal of the artery lining.
  • Phlebitis: Inflammation of a vein.
  • Cardiorrhexis: Rupture of the heart.
  • Angiomegaly: Abnormal enlargement of blood vessels.

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Test your knowledge of medical terminology related to Chapter 5, covering essential terms and definitions. This quiz includes key roots and prefixes important for understanding cardiovascular terms. Improve your understanding of medical language with these helpful flashcards.

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