Medical Terminology Chapter 4 Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is apnea?

Not breathing

What does anoxia mean?

Without oxygen (decrease in tissue)

What is the definition of abnormal?

Pertaining to away from the norm; not regular

What does abductor refer to?

One who (muscle which) leads toward the body Signup and view all the answers

What are adrenal glands?

Endocrine glands located above (toward) the kidneys Signup and view all the answers

What is anabolism?

Process of casting (building) up materials (proteins) within cells Signup and view all the answers

What does analysis mean?

To separate (apart) Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of ante cibum?

Before meals Signup and view all the answers

What does anteflexion refer to?

Bending forward Signup and view all the answers

What does antepartum mean?

Before birth Signup and view all the answers

What is an antibiotic?

Pertaining to against life (germ life) Signup and view all the answers

What does antibody mean?

Protein substance made in the body to destroy foreign antigens Signup and view all the answers

What is antisepsis?

Condition against infection Signup and view all the answers

What is antitoxin?

A substance (antibody) produced in response to and capable of neutralizing a toxin Signup and view all the answers

What does autoimmune disease refer to?

A condition related to making antibodies against one's own cells and tissues Signup and view all the answers

What is bifurcation?

Forking (branching) into two Signup and view all the answers

What does bilateral mean?

Pertaining to two sides Signup and view all the answers

What is bradycardia?

Condition of slow heartbeat Signup and view all the answers

What does catabolism refer to?

Process of casting down materials (sugar) to release energy in cells Signup and view all the answers

What is a congenital anomaly?

Irregularity at birth Signup and view all the answers

What does connective mean?

To lie (bind) together Signup and view all the answers

What is a contraindication?

To point out against; as reasons why a drug should not be taken Signup and view all the answers

What does contralateral mean?

Pertaining to opposite side Signup and view all the answers

What is dehydration?

Condition of lack of water Signup and view all the answers

What does diameter mean?

To measure through; as the diameter of the circle Signup and view all the answers

What is diarrhea?

To flow through; water is not properly absorbed through the walls of the colon Signup and view all the answers

What does dialysis refer to?

Complete separation; two types are hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis Signup and view all the answers

What is dyspnea?

Difficult breathing Signup and view all the answers

What does dysentery mean?

Abnormal and painful condition of the intestines Signup and view all the answers

What is dysplasia?

Abnormal ('bad') development of formation Signup and view all the answers

What does ectopic pregnancy refer to?

Pregnancy out of the normal place (usually in the fallopian tubes) Signup and view all the answers

What is the endocardium?

Inner lining (membrane) of the heart Signup and view all the answers

What does endoscope mean?

Instrument to view within the body Signup and view all the answers

What does endotracheal refer to?

Pertaining to within the trachea Signup and view all the answers

What is epithelium?

Skin cell Signup and view all the answers

What does euphoria mean?

Good feeling Signup and view all the answers

What is euthyroid?

Normal thyroid function Signup and view all the answers

What does exophthalmos refer to?

Eyeballs that protrude Signup and view all the answers

What is hemiglossectomy?

Removal of half the tongue Signup and view all the answers

What does hyperglycemia mean?

Increase in blood sugar Signup and view all the answers

What is hyperplasia?

Condition of increased formation (increase in number of cells) Signup and view all the answers

What does hypertrophy refer to?

Increase in development; increase in cell size Signup and view all the answers

What is hypodermic injection?

Use of a needle and syringe to force liquid under the skin Signup and view all the answers

What does hypoglycemia mean?

Decrease in blood sugar Signup and view all the answers

What is an insomniac?

Pertaining to inability to sleep Signup and view all the answers

What does incision mean?

Process of cutting into; sectioning Signup and view all the answers

What does infracostal mean?

Pertaining to below the ribs Signup and view all the answers

What is intercostal?

Pertaining to between the ribs Signup and view all the answers

What does intravenous mean?

Pertaining to within a vein Signup and view all the answers

What does macrocephaly mean?

Pertaining to an enlarged head; congenital anomaly Signup and view all the answers

What is malaise?

Feeling of discomfort; 'bad feeling' Signup and view all the answers

What does malignant mean?

Harmful, bad; cancerous condition Signup and view all the answers

What are metacarpal bones?

Five hand bones (beyond the wrist) Signup and view all the answers

What does metamorphosis refer to?

Condition of change of shape or form Signup and view all the answers

What is metastasis?

Beyond control; spreading of a malignant tumor Signup and view all the answers

What is a microscope?

Instrument to view small objects Signup and view all the answers

What does neonatal mean?

Pertaining to a newborn (infant) Signup and view all the answers

What is a neoplasm?

New growth; new formation (tumor) Signup and view all the answers

What does panycytopenia mean?

Condition of decrease in all cells (blood cells) Signup and view all the answers

What is paralysis?

Abnormal destruction (of nerves) to loss of muscle function Signup and view all the answers

What are parathyroid glands?

Endocrine glands located near (on the dorsal side of) the thyroid gland Signup and view all the answers

What does percutaneous mean?

Pertaining to through the skin Signup and view all the answers

What is the pericardium?

Membrane surrounding the heart Signup and view all the answers

What does polymorphonuclear refer to?

Pertaining to many-shaped nucleus; a type of white blood cell Signup and view all the answers

What is polyneuritis?

Inflammation of many nerves Signup and view all the answers

What does postmortem mean?

After death Signup and view all the answers

What does postpartum mean?

After childbirth; most often refers to the mother Signup and view all the answers

What does precancerous mean?

Pertaining to before cancer; a lesion that may become cancerous Signup and view all the answers

What does prenatal mean?

Pertaining to before birth Signup and view all the answers

What is a prodrome?

Signs and symptoms that appear before the onset of a more severe illness Signup and view all the answers

What does prolapse mean?

Sliding forward or downward Signup and view all the answers

What is a prosthesis?

Artificial limb or part of the body Signup and view all the answers

What does relapse mean?

A sliding back; recurrence of symptoms of a disease Signup and view all the answers

What does remission mean?

To send back; disappearance of a disease Signup and view all the answers

What is recombinant DNA?

Inserting gene (region of DNA) from one organism into the DNA of another organism Signup and view all the answers

What does retroperitoneal mean?

Pertaining to behind the peritoneum Signup and view all the answers

What does retroflexion mean?

Bending backward Signup and view all the answers

What does subcutaneous mean?

Pertaining to under the skin Signup and view all the answers

What does suprapubic mean?

Pertaining to above the pubic bone Signup and view all the answers

What does syndactyly refer to?

Condition of webbed fingers or toes; a congenital anomaly Signup and view all the answers

What is synthesis?

To put or place together, as in protein synthesis or photosynthesis Signup and view all the answers

What does syndrome mean?

A group of symptoms that run (occur) together Signup and view all the answers

What does symbiosis refer to?

Condition or state of 'life together' two organisms living together for mutual benefit Signup and view all the answers

What does symmetry mean?

State of 'measurements together'; equality of parts; mirror images Signup and view all the answers

What is a symphysis?

To grow together; bones that grow together at the joint Signup and view all the answers

What does symptom mean?

A subjective change in condition as perceived by the patient Signup and view all the answers

What does trachypnea mean?

Rapid breathing Signup and view all the answers

What is transfusion?

To pour across, as in transferring blood from one person to another Signup and view all the answers

What does transurethral mean?

Pertaining to through the urethra Signup and view all the answers

What is ultrasoundography?

Process of recording ultrasound (beyond the normal range) waves Signup and view all the answers

What does unilateral mean?

Pertaining to one side Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Medical Terminology Key Concepts

Apnea: Refers to a state where there is no breathing.
Anoxia: A condition where there is a deficiency of oxygen affecting tissue.
Abnormal: Relates to being away from the norm or standard; indicates irregularities.
Abductor: Describes a muscle that draws a limb towards the body.
Adrenal Glands: Endocrine glands positioned above the kidneys, crucial for hormone secretion.

Biological Processes

Anabolism: The metabolic process of building up proteins and materials within cells.
Catabolism: The breakdown of complex molecules to release energy; involves transforming sugars within cells.
Synthesis: The process of combining elements, such as in protein or photosynthesis.

Medical Conditions

Autoimmune Disease: A disease where the immune system produces antibodies against the body's own cells.
Dehydration: A medical condition characterized by a deficiency of water in the body.
Hyperglycemia: A condition marked by an excess of glucose in the bloodstream.

Anatomical Terms

Bifurcation: The division of a structure, such as the trachea, into two branches.
Bilateral: Pertaining to both sides of the body.
Ectopic Pregnancy: A pregnancy occurring outside the uterus, often in the fallopian tubes.

Procedures and Interventions

Dialysis: A medical procedure for separating substances in the blood, critical for patients with kidney failure.
Incision: The act of cutting into tissue for surgical purposes.
Transfusion: The process of transferring blood or blood products from one individual to another.

Symptoms and Signage

Dyspnea: A medical term for difficulty in breathing.
Dysentery: A painful intestinal condition marked by inflammation and diarrhea.
Prodrome: Early signs or symptoms indicating the onset of a disease.

Physical Exam and Diagnosis

Endoscope: An instrument that allows visualization inside the body for diagnostic purposes.
Ultrasoundography: A diagnostic imaging technique that uses ultrasound waves to create images of internal structures.

Miscellaneous Terms

Malaise: A general feeling of discomfort or uneasiness.
Malignant: Descriptive of harmful or cancerous conditions.
Symbiosis: A biological interaction where two organisms live and benefit from each other.

Developmental and Birth Terms

Congenital Anomaly: Refers to irregularities present at birth.
Prenatal: Pertaining to the period before birth.
Postpartum: Referring to the period following childbirth, particularly concerning the mother.

Glands and Body Functions

Parathyroid Glands: Endocrine glands responsible for regulating calcium within the body, located near the thyroid.
Hypodermic Injection: A method of delivering medication under the skin using a syringe.

Vital Signs

Bradycardia: A medical term for a slower than normal heart rate.
Tachypnea: A condition of rapid breathing indicative of respiratory distress.

These notes provide a concise summary of essential medical terminology, key definitions, and significant concepts within the field of medical health.

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Test your knowledge of key medical terms in Chapter 4. This set of flashcards covers essential vocabulary including apnea, anoxia, and adrenal gland. Perfect for students and professionals looking to enhance their understanding of medical language.