Medical Terminology Chapter 3 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is the acetabulum?

A type of fracture

A bone disorder

A medical specialty

A hip socket (correct)

What is the term for the kneecap?

patella

What is yellow bone marrow?

Bone tissue that functions as a fat-storage area and is located in the medullary cavity.

What is the upper portion of the sternum known as?

manubrium Signup and view all the answers

What condition is now known as short stature?

dwarfism Signup and view all the answers

What is a foramen?

The opening in a bone through which blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments pass. Signup and view all the answers

What does arthroplasty describe?

Surgical repair or replacement of a damaged joint. Signup and view all the answers

What is arthrolysis?

Surgical procedure for loosening an ankylosed joint. Signup and view all the answers

What does osteorrhaphy refer to?

The suturing or wiring together of bones. Signup and view all the answers

What is Osteomyelitis?

Inflammation of the bone marrow and adjacent bone. Signup and view all the answers

What does kyphosis describe?

An abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine. Signup and view all the answers

What is fibrous dysplasia?

A bone disorder of unknown cause that destroys normal bone structure and replaces it with scarlike tissue. Signup and view all the answers

What is gouty arthritis?

A form of arthritis characterized by deposits of uric acid in the joints. Signup and view all the answers

What is subluxation?

The partial dislocation of a bone from its joint. Signup and view all the answers

What does chondroplasty refer to?

The surgical repair of cartilage. Signup and view all the answers

What is a comminuted fracture?

A fracture where the bone is splintered or crushed. Signup and view all the answers

What is red bone marrow?

Bone tissue that is hemopoietic. Signup and view all the answers

What is dual x-ray absorptiometry?

The most accurate test for osteoporosis. Signup and view all the answers

What is primary bone cancer?

A relatively rare malignant tumor that originates in a bone. Signup and view all the answers

What is closed reduction?

Attempted realignment of the bone involved in a fracture or joint dislocation. Signup and view all the answers

What is an orthopedic surgeon?

A physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders involving the bones, joints, and muscles. Signup and view all the answers

What is spina bifida?

A congenital defect in which the spinal canal fails to close around the spinal cord. Signup and view all the answers

What is a radiograph?

A diagnostic technique most commonly used to visualize a bone fracture. Signup and view all the answers

What is autologous?

A type of bone marrow transplant that uses the patient's own bone marrow. Signup and view all the answers

What is costochondritis?

An inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the sternum. Signup and view all the answers

What is ankylosing?

An inflammatory arthritis affecting the spine and large joints. Signup and view all the answers

What does -blast mean?

Builds, rebuilds. Signup and view all the answers

What does the prefix oste/o refer to?

Bone. Signup and view all the answers

What does myel/o refer to?

Spinal cord, bone marrow. Signup and view all the answers

What does cost/o refer to?

Rib. Signup and view all the answers

What does scoliosis mean?

Curved, bent. Signup and view all the answers

What does chondr/i refer to?

Cartilage. Signup and view all the answers

What does -lysis mean?

Loosening, setting free, break down, dissolution, destruction of cells. Signup and view all the answers

What does -desis mean?

Bind, tie together. Signup and view all the answers

What does arthr/o refer to?

Joint. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Bone Anatomy and Terminology

Acetabulum: The hip socket that accommodates the femur.
Patella: Commonly known as the kneecap, protects the knee joint.
Manubrium: The upper portion of the sternum, connecting with ribs and clavicles.

Bone Marrow and Tissue

Yellow Bone Marrow: Serves as a fat-storage area, found in the medullary cavity.
Red Bone Marrow: Hematopoietic tissue responsible for producing blood cells.

Joint Conditions and Procedures

Arthroplasty: Surgical repair or replacement of a damaged joint.
Arthrolysis: Loosening of an ankylosed joint through surgical means.
Chondroplasty: Surgical repair of damaged cartilage.
Osteorrhaphy: Procedure that involves suturing or wiring together broken bones.

Bone Disorders

Osteomyelitis: Inflammation of the bone marrow and surrounding bone.
Kyphosis: An abnormal increase in thoracic spine curvature.
Fibrous Dysplasia: A disorder replacing normal bone structure with fibrous tissue.
Osteopenia: Condition indicating reduced bone density, leading to osteoporosis.

Fractures and Injuries

Comminuted Fracture: Bone is splintered or crushed into multiple pieces.
Closed Reduction: Manual realignment of a fracture or dislocated joint.
Subluxation: Partial dislocation of a joint, leading to misalignment.
Hemarthrosis: Bleeding into joint spaces, common in conditions like hemophilia.

Specialty Fields and Professionals

Orthopedic Surgeon: Physician specializing in bones, joints, and muscle disorders.
Podiatrist: Specialist in diagnosing and treating conditions affecting the foot.

Genetic and Congenital Conditions

Dwarfism: Also known as short stature, leading to a significantly shorter height.
Spina Bifida: Congenital defect due to improper closure of the spinal canal.

Imaging and Diagnostic Techniques

Radiograph (X-ray): Primary method for visualizing bone fractures.
Dual X-ray Absorptiometry: Most accurate test for assessing osteoporosis.

Surgical and Medical Terminology

Autologous: Referring to a process using one's own biological material, such as bone marrow.
Craniostenosis: Skull deformity due to premature closure of cranial sutures.
Osteoclasis: Surgical procedure to reshape malformed bones.

Additional Key Terms

Chondromalacia: Damage to cartilage underneath the kneecap.
Scoliosis: Sideways curvature of the spine.
Ankylosing: Inflammatory arthritis affecting the spine and large joints.

Oste/o: Relating to bone.
Chondr/o: Relating to cartilage.
Arthr/o: Relating to joints.
Myel/o: Pertaining to spinal cord or bone marrow.
Cost/o: Referring to ribs.

Common Suffixes and Their Meanings

-blast: Indicates a cell that builds or rebuilds.
-lysis: Refers to loosening or breaking down.
-desis: Denotes the binding or tying together of structures.

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Description

Test your knowledge of essential medical terms in Chapter 3, focusing on anatomy and bone structures. Each flashcard provides a word and its definition to help reinforce your understanding of medical language. Ideal for students in healthcare fields or anyone interested in medical terminology.