Medical Terminology Chapter 13

Questions and Answers

What is Albumin?

A type of white blood cell

Protein in blood; maintains the proper amount of water in the blood (correct)

Hormone produced in the liver

Antibody produced in response to infection

What is Anemia?

Deficiency in erythrocytes or hemoglobin

What is an Antibody (Ab)?

Specific protein produced by lymphocytes in response to bacteria, viruses, or other antigens

What is an Antigen?

Substance that stimulates the production of an antibody Signup and view all the answers

What is Aplastic anemia?

Failure of blood cell production in the bone marrow Signup and view all the answers

What is a Basophil?

White blood cell containing granules that stain blue Signup and view all the answers

What is Bilirubin?

Orange-yellow pigment in bile; formed by the breakdown of hemoglobin when red blood cells are destroyed Signup and view all the answers

What is Coagulation?

Blood clotting Signup and view all the answers

What is Colony-stimulating factor (CSF)?

Protein that stimulates growth of white blood cells Signup and view all the answers

What is Differentiation?

Change in structure and function of a cell as it matures Signup and view all the answers

What is Electrophoresis?

Method of separating serum proteins by electrical charge Signup and view all the answers

What is an Eosinophil?

White blood cell containing granules that stain red; associated with allergic reactions Signup and view all the answers

What is an Erythroblast?

Immature red blood cell Signup and view all the answers

What is an Erythrocyte?

Red blood cell Signup and view all the answers

What is Erythropoietin (EPO)?

Hormone secreted by the kidneys Signup and view all the answers

What is Fibrin?

Protein that forms the basis of a blood clot Signup and view all the answers

What is Fibrinogen?

Plasma protein that is converted to fibrin in the clotting process Signup and view all the answers

What is Globulin?

Plasma protein Signup and view all the answers

What is a Granulocyte?

White blood cell with numerous dark-staining granules Signup and view all the answers

What is Granulocytosis?

Abnormal increase in granulocytes in the blood Signup and view all the answers

What is a Hematopoietic stem cell?

Cell in the bone marrow that gives rise to all types of blood cells Signup and view all the answers

What is Hemochromatosis?

Excess iron deposits throughout the body Signup and view all the answers

What is Hemoglobin?

Blood protein containing iron; carries oxygen to red blood cells Signup and view all the answers

What is Hemolysis?

Destruction of blood Signup and view all the answers

What is Hemolytic anemia?

Reduction in red cells due to excessive destruction Signup and view all the answers

What is Hemophilia?

Excessive bleeding caused by hereditary lack of blood clotting Signup and view all the answers

What is Heparin?

Anticoagulant found in blood and tissue cells Signup and view all the answers

What is an Immune reaction?

Response of the immune system to foreign invasion Signup and view all the answers

What is Immunoglobulin?

Protein with antibody activity Signup and view all the answers

What is a Leukocyte?

White blood cell Signup and view all the answers

What is Leukemia?

Increased in cancerous white blood cells Signup and view all the answers

What is a Lymphocyte?

Mononuclear leukocyte that produces antibodies Signup and view all the answers

What is a Macrophage?

Monocyte that migrates from the blood to tissue spaces Signup and view all the answers

What is a Megakaryocyte?

Large platelet precursor cell found in the bone marrow Signup and view all the answers

What is a Monocyte?

Leukocyte with one large nucleus; engulfs foreign material and debris Signup and view all the answers

What is Mononuclear?

Pertaining to a cell with a single round nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What is Mononucleosis?

Infectious disease marked by increased numbers of mononuclear leukocytes and enlarged cervical lymph nodes Signup and view all the answers

What is Multiple myeloma?

Malignant neoplasm of bone marrow Signup and view all the answers

What is a Myeloblast?

Immature bone marrow that gives rise to granulocytes Signup and view all the answers

What is a Neutrophil?

Granulocytic leukocyte formed in bone marrow Signup and view all the answers

What is Pernicious anemia?

Lack of mature erythrocytes caused by inability to absorb vitamin B12 into the blood stream Signup and view all the answers

What is Plasma?

Liquid portion of blood Signup and view all the answers

What is Plasmapheresis?

Removal of plasma from withdrawn blood by centrifuge Signup and view all the answers

What is a Platelet?

Small blood fragment that collects at sites of injury to begin the clotting process Signup and view all the answers

What is Polycythemia vera?

General increase in red blood cells Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Blood System Terminology

Albumin: Essential blood protein that regulates water retention in blood.
Anemia: Condition marked by a deficiency of red blood cells (erythrocytes) or hemoglobin.
Antibody (Ab): Specialized protein made by lymphocytes, crucial for immune response against pathogens.
Antigen: Any substance triggering antibody production, playing a key role in immune reactions.
Aplastic Anemia: Serious condition where the bone marrow fails to produce sufficient blood cells.
Basophil: A type of white blood cell featuring blue-staining granules, involved in inflammatory responses.
Bilirubin: Orange-yellow byproduct formed from the breakdown of hemoglobin; important for liver function.
Coagulation: Vital process of blood clotting, preventing excessive bleeding.
Colony-Stimulating Factor (CSF): Protein that promotes the development and growth of white blood cells.
Differentiation: Process through which cells mature and develop distinct structures and functions.
Electrophoresis: Technique used to separate serum proteins based on their electrical charges.
Eosinophil: White blood cell with red-staining granules; closely associated with allergy responses.
Erythroblast: Immature stage of a red blood cell in development.
Erythrocyte: Commonly known as red blood cell, crucial for oxygen transport in the body.
Erythropoietin (EPO): Hormone secreted by kidneys, stimulating red blood cell production in the bone marrow.
Fibrin: Protein essential for the formation of blood clots, providing structural integrity to clots.
Fibrinogen: Plasma protein converting into fibrin during coagulation, key in the clotting cascade.
Globulin: Another type of plasma protein, important for various immune functions.
Granulocyte: White blood cell characterized by numerous dark-staining granules; includes neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils.
Granulocytosis: Condition characterized by an abnormal increase in granulocytes within the bloodstream.
Hematopoietic Stem Cell: Progenitor cell located in bone marrow, responsible for generating all blood cell types.
Hemochromatosis: Disorder caused by excessive iron accumulation in the body’s tissues.
Hemoglobin: Iron-containing protein in red blood cells that binds oxygen for transportation.
Hemolysis: Destruction of red blood cells, often leading to anemia.
Hemolytic Anemia: Reduction in red blood cells due to their excessive destruction.
Hemophilia: Genetic disorder leading to an inability to properly clot blood, resulting in excessive bleeding.
Heparin: Naturally occurring anticoagulant within blood, preventing blood clot formation.
Immune Reaction: Body's response to foreign substances, integral to the immune system’s function.
Immunoglobulin: Class of proteins that function as antibodies, playing a key role in immune defense.
Leukocyte: Generic term for white blood cells, vital for combating infections.
Leukemia: Cancer characterized by the overproduction of abnormal white blood cells.
Lymphocyte: Specialized leukocyte responsible for antibody production and immune response.
Macrophage: Type of white blood cell that engulfs and digests foreign particles and debris.
Megakaryocyte: Large cell in bone marrow that produces platelets essential for clotting.
Monocyte: A type of leukocyte known for its large nucleus; plays a role in immune defense by clearing pathogens.
Mononuclear: Describes cells with a single round nucleus, often linked to specific immune functions.
Mononucleosis: Infectious disease resulting in increased mononuclear leukocytes and swollen lymph nodes.
Multiple Myeloma: Serious cancer originating in bone marrow, characterized by malignant plasma cells.
Myeloblast: Immature blood cell in the bone marrow that matures into granulocytes.
Neutrophil: Primary type of granulocyte; key player in the early stages of immune response.
Pernicious Anemia: Type of anemia caused by vitamin B12 absorption failure, leading to a lack of mature erythrocytes.
Plasma: Liquid component of blood that carries cells, nutrients, hormones, and waste products.
Plasmapheresis: Procedure to separate plasma from whole blood, often used for therapeutic purposes.
Platelet: Small cell fragments crucial for initiating the clotting process at injury sites.
Polycythemia Vera: Blood disorder characterized by an overproduction of red blood cells, leading to thickened blood.
Polymorphonuclear: Relating to white blood cells with a multilobed nucleus, typically seen in neutrophils.

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Test your knowledge of essential medical terminology related to the blood system with these flashcards. Each term is defined concisely, providing a useful study tool for students in the healthcare field. Perfect for mastering key concepts in hematology.