Medical Terminology Chapter 13
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Questions and Answers

What is Albumin?

  • A type of white blood cell
  • Protein in blood; maintains the proper amount of water in the blood (correct)
  • Hormone produced in the liver
  • Antibody produced in response to infection

    • What is Anemia?

    Deficiency in erythrocytes or hemoglobin

    What is an Antibody (Ab)?

    Specific protein produced by lymphocytes in response to bacteria, viruses, or other antigens

    What is an Antigen?

    <p>Substance that stimulates the production of an antibody</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Aplastic anemia?

    <p>Failure of blood cell production in the bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Basophil?

    <p>White blood cell containing granules that stain blue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Bilirubin?

    <p>Orange-yellow pigment in bile; formed by the breakdown of hemoglobin when red blood cells are destroyed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Coagulation?

    <p>Blood clotting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Colony-stimulating factor (CSF)?

    <p>Protein that stimulates growth of white blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Differentiation?

    <p>Change in structure and function of a cell as it matures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Electrophoresis?

    <p>Method of separating serum proteins by electrical charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an Eosinophil?

    <p>White blood cell containing granules that stain red; associated with allergic reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an Erythroblast?

    <p>Immature red blood cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an Erythrocyte?

    <p>Red blood cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Erythropoietin (EPO)?

    <p>Hormone secreted by the kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Fibrin?

    <p>Protein that forms the basis of a blood clot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Fibrinogen?

    <p>Plasma protein that is converted to fibrin in the clotting process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Globulin?

    <p>Plasma protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Granulocyte?

    <p>White blood cell with numerous dark-staining granules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Granulocytosis?

    <p>Abnormal increase in granulocytes in the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Hematopoietic stem cell?

    <p>Cell in the bone marrow that gives rise to all types of blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Hemochromatosis?

    <p>Excess iron deposits throughout the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Hemoglobin?

    <p>Blood protein containing iron; carries oxygen to red blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Hemolysis?

    <p>Destruction of blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Hemolytic anemia?

    <p>Reduction in red cells due to excessive destruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Hemophilia?

    <p>Excessive bleeding caused by hereditary lack of blood clotting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Heparin?

    <p>Anticoagulant found in blood and tissue cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an Immune reaction?

    <p>Response of the immune system to foreign invasion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Immunoglobulin?

    <p>Protein with antibody activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Leukocyte?

    <p>White blood cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Leukemia?

    <p>Increased in cancerous white blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Lymphocyte?

    <p>Mononuclear leukocyte that produces antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Macrophage?

    <p>Monocyte that migrates from the blood to tissue spaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Megakaryocyte?

    <p>Large platelet precursor cell found in the bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Monocyte?

    <p>Leukocyte with one large nucleus; engulfs foreign material and debris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Mononuclear?

    <p>Pertaining to a cell with a single round nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Mononucleosis?

    <p>Infectious disease marked by increased numbers of mononuclear leukocytes and enlarged cervical lymph nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Multiple myeloma?

    <p>Malignant neoplasm of bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Myeloblast?

    <p>Immature bone marrow that gives rise to granulocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Neutrophil?

    <p>Granulocytic leukocyte formed in bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Pernicious anemia?

    <p>Lack of mature erythrocytes caused by inability to absorb vitamin B12 into the blood stream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Plasma?

    <p>Liquid portion of blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Plasmapheresis?

    <p>Removal of plasma from withdrawn blood by centrifuge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Platelet?

    <p>Small blood fragment that collects at sites of injury to begin the clotting process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Polycythemia vera?

    <p>General increase in red blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Blood System Terminology

    • Albumin: Essential blood protein that regulates water retention in blood.
    • Anemia: Condition marked by a deficiency of red blood cells (erythrocytes) or hemoglobin.
    • Antibody (Ab): Specialized protein made by lymphocytes, crucial for immune response against pathogens.
    • Antigen: Any substance triggering antibody production, playing a key role in immune reactions.
    • Aplastic Anemia: Serious condition where the bone marrow fails to produce sufficient blood cells.
    • Basophil: A type of white blood cell featuring blue-staining granules, involved in inflammatory responses.
    • Bilirubin: Orange-yellow byproduct formed from the breakdown of hemoglobin; important for liver function.
    • Coagulation: Vital process of blood clotting, preventing excessive bleeding.
    • Colony-Stimulating Factor (CSF): Protein that promotes the development and growth of white blood cells.
    • Differentiation: Process through which cells mature and develop distinct structures and functions.
    • Electrophoresis: Technique used to separate serum proteins based on their electrical charges.
    • Eosinophil: White blood cell with red-staining granules; closely associated with allergy responses.
    • Erythroblast: Immature stage of a red blood cell in development.
    • Erythrocyte: Commonly known as red blood cell, crucial for oxygen transport in the body.
    • Erythropoietin (EPO): Hormone secreted by kidneys, stimulating red blood cell production in the bone marrow.
    • Fibrin: Protein essential for the formation of blood clots, providing structural integrity to clots.
    • Fibrinogen: Plasma protein converting into fibrin during coagulation, key in the clotting cascade.
    • Globulin: Another type of plasma protein, important for various immune functions.
    • Granulocyte: White blood cell characterized by numerous dark-staining granules; includes neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils.
    • Granulocytosis: Condition characterized by an abnormal increase in granulocytes within the bloodstream.
    • Hematopoietic Stem Cell: Progenitor cell located in bone marrow, responsible for generating all blood cell types.
    • Hemochromatosis: Disorder caused by excessive iron accumulation in the body’s tissues.
    • Hemoglobin: Iron-containing protein in red blood cells that binds oxygen for transportation.
    • Hemolysis: Destruction of red blood cells, often leading to anemia.
    • Hemolytic Anemia: Reduction in red blood cells due to their excessive destruction.
    • Hemophilia: Genetic disorder leading to an inability to properly clot blood, resulting in excessive bleeding.
    • Heparin: Naturally occurring anticoagulant within blood, preventing blood clot formation.
    • Immune Reaction: Body's response to foreign substances, integral to the immune system’s function.
    • Immunoglobulin: Class of proteins that function as antibodies, playing a key role in immune defense.
    • Leukocyte: Generic term for white blood cells, vital for combating infections.
    • Leukemia: Cancer characterized by the overproduction of abnormal white blood cells.
    • Lymphocyte: Specialized leukocyte responsible for antibody production and immune response.
    • Macrophage: Type of white blood cell that engulfs and digests foreign particles and debris.
    • Megakaryocyte: Large cell in bone marrow that produces platelets essential for clotting.
    • Monocyte: A type of leukocyte known for its large nucleus; plays a role in immune defense by clearing pathogens.
    • Mononuclear: Describes cells with a single round nucleus, often linked to specific immune functions.
    • Mononucleosis: Infectious disease resulting in increased mononuclear leukocytes and swollen lymph nodes.
    • Multiple Myeloma: Serious cancer originating in bone marrow, characterized by malignant plasma cells.
    • Myeloblast: Immature blood cell in the bone marrow that matures into granulocytes.
    • Neutrophil: Primary type of granulocyte; key player in the early stages of immune response.
    • Pernicious Anemia: Type of anemia caused by vitamin B12 absorption failure, leading to a lack of mature erythrocytes.
    • Plasma: Liquid component of blood that carries cells, nutrients, hormones, and waste products.
    • Plasmapheresis: Procedure to separate plasma from whole blood, often used for therapeutic purposes.
    • Platelet: Small cell fragments crucial for initiating the clotting process at injury sites.
    • Polycythemia Vera: Blood disorder characterized by an overproduction of red blood cells, leading to thickened blood.
    • Polymorphonuclear: Relating to white blood cells with a multilobed nucleus, typically seen in neutrophils.

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    Test your knowledge of essential medical terminology related to the blood system with these flashcards. Each term is defined concisely, providing a useful study tool for students in the healthcare field. Perfect for mastering key concepts in hematology.

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