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Questions and Answers
Match the following word parts with their definitions:
Match the following word parts with their definitions:
adren/o = Adrenal glands acr/o = Extremities gonad/o = Ovaries or testicles -dipsia = Thirst crin/o = To secrete -ism = Condition pancreat/o = Pancreas parathyroid/o = Parathyroid glands pineal/o = Pineal gland pituitar/o = Pituitary gland somat/o = Body poly- = Many glyc/o = Sugar thyroid/o = Thyroid thym/o = Thymus
The _____ hormone stimulates ovulation in the female.
The _____ hormone stimulates ovulation in the female.
luteinizing
The ____ gland secretes hormones that control the activity of the other endocrine glands.
The ____ gland secretes hormones that control the activity of the other endocrine glands.
pituitary
The ____ hormone stimulates the growth and secretions of the adrenal cortex.
The ____ hormone stimulates the growth and secretions of the adrenal cortex.
The ____ gland functions as part of the endocrine system by secreting a hormone that functions as part of the immune system.
The ____ gland functions as part of the endocrine system by secreting a hormone that functions as part of the immune system.
The hormone ____ works with the parathyroid hormone to decrease calcium levels in the blood and tissues.
The hormone ____ works with the parathyroid hormone to decrease calcium levels in the blood and tissues.
Cortisol is secreted by the ____.
Cortisol is secreted by the ____.
The amount of glucose in the bloodstream is increased by the hormone ____.
The amount of glucose in the bloodstream is increased by the hormone ____.
Norepinephrine is secreted by the ____.
Norepinephrine is secreted by the ____.
The hormone ____ stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth.
The hormone ____ stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth.
The development of the male secondary sex characteristics is stimulated by the hormone ____.
The development of the male secondary sex characteristics is stimulated by the hormone ____.
The mineral substances known as ____ are found in the blood and include sodium and potassium.
The mineral substances known as ____ are found in the blood and include sodium and potassium.
The two primary hormones secreted by the thyroid gland are triiodothyronine and ____.
The two primary hormones secreted by the thyroid gland are triiodothyronine and ____.
Damage to the retina of the eye caused by diabetes mellitus is known as diabetic ____.
Damage to the retina of the eye caused by diabetes mellitus is known as diabetic ____.
The medical term meaning excessive hunger is ____.
The medical term meaning excessive hunger is ____.
Abnormal protrusion of the eye out of the orbit is known as ____.
Abnormal protrusion of the eye out of the orbit is known as ____.
Hyperpituitarism is the excess secretion of growth hormone by the pituitary gland, causing ____.
Hyperpituitarism is the excess secretion of growth hormone by the pituitary gland, causing ____.
Hypoglycemia is characterized by abnormally low concentration of glucose in the blood.
Hypoglycemia is characterized by abnormally low concentration of glucose in the blood.
The beta cells of the pancreatic islets secrete glucagon in response to low blood glucose levels.
The beta cells of the pancreatic islets secrete glucagon in response to low blood glucose levels.
A pheochromocytoma is a rare, benign tumor of the adrenal gland that causes too much release of epinephrine and norepinephrine.
A pheochromocytoma is a rare, benign tumor of the adrenal gland that causes too much release of epinephrine and norepinephrine.
The hormone melatonin is secreted by the adrenal cortex.
The hormone melatonin is secreted by the adrenal cortex.
An insulinoma is a malignant tumor of the pancreas that causes hypoglycemia by secreting insulin.
An insulinoma is a malignant tumor of the pancreas that causes hypoglycemia by secreting insulin.
Polyuria is excessive urination.
Polyuria is excessive urination.
The term meaning any disease of the adrenal glands is ____.
The term meaning any disease of the adrenal glands is ____.
The study of endocrine glands and their secretions is known as ____.
The study of endocrine glands and their secretions is known as ____.
Inflammation of the thyroid gland is known as ____.
Inflammation of the thyroid gland is known as ____.
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Study Notes
Endocrine System Vocabulary and Key Concepts
- adren/o: Refers to adrenal glands, which are responsible for producing various hormones.
- acr/o: Indicates extremities, important in conditions related to limb health.
- gonad/o: Pertains to reproductive glands, specifically ovaries and testicles.
- -dipsia: A suffix meaning thirst, commonly associated with conditions affecting hydration.
- crin/o: Means to secrete, used in terms describing hormone secretion.
- -ism: Denotes a condition, often used in medical terminology to describe diseases.
- pancreat/o: Relates to the pancreas, crucial for insulin and digestive enzyme production.
- parathyroid/o: Refers to parathyroid glands that regulate calcium levels.
- pineal/o: Indicates the pineal gland, involved in melatonin production.
- pituitar/o: Refers to the pituitary gland, often called the "master gland" as it regulates other endocrine glands.
- somat/o: Relates to the body, significant in discussions about growth and health.
- poly-: A prefix meaning many, used in various medical terms.
- glyc/o: Means sugar, essential in discussions about metabolic conditions like diabetes.
- thyroid/o: Pertains to the thyroid gland, which regulates metabolism and energy levels.
- thym/o: Indicates the thymus gland, important for immune function.
Hormonal Functions and Conditions
- Luteinizing Hormone (LH): Stimulates ovulation in females.
- Pituitary Gland: Secretes hormones that control other endocrine glands.
- Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH): Stimulates adrenal cortex growth and secretion.
- Thymus Gland: Secretes hormones related to immune function.
- Calcitonin: Works with parathyroid hormone to decrease blood calcium levels.
- Cortisol: Secreted by the adrenal cortex, involved in stress response.
- Glucagon: Increases glucose levels in the bloodstream.
- Norepinephrine: Released by the adrenal medulla, playing a role in stress response.
- Oxytocin: Stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth.
- Testosterone: Influences the development of male secondary sexual characteristics.
Clinical Conditions
- Diabetes Mellitus (DM): A metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar due to insulin issues.
- Cushing's Syndrome: Caused by prolonged exposure to cortisol.
- Hyperpituitarism: Excess secretion of growth hormone leading to conditions like acromegaly.
- Insulinoma: A benign tumor causing hypoglycemia by secreting insulin.
- Addison's Disease: A condition from insufficient cortisol production causing fatigue and weakness.
- Hashimoto's Disease: An autoimmune disorder where antibodies attack the thyroid gland.
- Gigantism: Caused by excess growth hormone before puberty.
- Cretinism: A condition resulting from congenital thyroid hormone deficiency affecting development.
Hormonal Tests and Measurements
- Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS): Measures glucose levels in the bloodstream after fasting.
- Fructosamine Test: Reflects average blood glucose over the past three weeks, useful for diabetes management.
- Diabetic Retinopathy: Eye damage due to diabetes mellitus.
- Electrolytes: Mineral substances vital for functions like muscle contraction and hydration balance.
General Terms and Conditions
- Thyroid Storm: A life-threatening condition from exaggerated hyperthyroidism.
- Hypercalcemia: Abnormal high calcium levels in the blood.
- Prolactinoma: A benign pituitary tumor leading to excessive prolactin production.
- Neurohormones: Hormones produced by neurons, delivered through the bloodstream.
- Thyroiditis: Inflammation of the thyroid gland.
- Adrenopathy: Any disease of the adrenal glands.
- Thymopathy: Any disease of the thymus gland.
- Adrenomegaly: Abnormal enlargement of adrenal glands.
Abbreviations
- ACTH: Adrenocorticotropic hormone.
- ADH: Antidiuretic hormone.
- DM: Diabetes mellitus.
- FSH: Follicle-stimulating hormone.
- FBS: Fasting blood sugar.
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