Medical Terminology 12 Endocrine System

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Questions and Answers

What does the combining term 'Adren/o' refer to?

Thyroid gland
Ovary
Pituitary gland
Adrenal gland (correct)

What condition is characterized by hypersecretion from the anterior portion of the pituitary gland after puberty?

Acromegaly (correct)
Diabetes Mellitus
Cushing syndrome
Type 2 diabetes

What describes Cushing syndrome?

A syndrome of obesity, moon-like facial fullness, hyperglycemia, and osteoporosis produced by excessive secretions of cortisol.

What is Diabetes Mellitus?

A pancreatic disorder causing an increase in blood glucose levels. Signup and view all the answers

Type 1 diabetes is formally called insulin-dependent diabetes.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

Type 2 diabetes is the same as Type 1 diabetes.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Goiter' refer to?

Enlargement of the thyroid gland. Signup and view all the answers

What is Hyperthyroidism also known as?

Graves' Disease. Signup and view all the answers

What does radioactive iodine uptake measure?

Thyroid function after ingestion of radioactive iodine. Signup and view all the answers

What is a Thyroid Scan?

A procedure that uses a radioactive compound injected IV to produce images of the thyroid gland. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Cyst/o' refer to in the urinary system?

Urinary bladder (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is Albuminuria?

Protein in the urine. Signup and view all the answers

What does Anuria mean?

No urine production. Signup and view all the answers

What does Dysuria refer to?

Painful urination. Signup and view all the answers

What is Glycosuria?

Glucose in urine. Signup and view all the answers

What does Hematuria signify?

Blood in the urine. Signup and view all the answers

What is Nephrolithiasis?

Stones in the kidney. Signup and view all the answers

What is renal failure?

Condition in which the kidneys stop functioning and do not produce urine. Signup and view all the answers

What is cystoscopy?

Visualization of the urinary bladder by a cystoscope. Signup and view all the answers

What does KUB stand for?

Kidneys, ureters, bladder. Signup and view all the answers

What is an Intravenous Pyelogram (IVP)?

Images of the urinary tract produced on x-ray following injection of contrast material. Signup and view all the answers

What is a Voiding Cystourethrogram?

X-ray films of the bladder and urethra taken after filling with contrast during urination. Signup and view all the answers

What is dialysis?

Procedure in which waste materials are separated from the blood by a machine. Signup and view all the answers

What does lithotripsy do?

Uses shock waves to crush urinary stones allowing them to pass. Signup and view all the answers

What is renal transplantation?

Surgical procedure in which a donor kidney is transferred to a recipient. Signup and view all the answers

What is urinary catheterization?

Procedure in which a catheter is passed through the urethra into the bladder. Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Endocrine System Terminology

Combining Forms:
- Adren/o: adrenal gland
- Hypophys/o: pituitary gland
- Oophor/o, Ovari/o: ovary
- Orch/o, Orchid/o: testis
- Pancreat/o: pancreas
- Parathyroid/o: parathyroid gland
- Pituitar/o: pituitary gland
- Thym/o: thymus gland
- Thyroaden/o, Thyroid/o: thyroid gland

Acromegaly

Caused by hypersecretion from the anterior pituitary gland post-puberty.
Results in enlargement of extremities.

Cushing Syndrome

Characterized by obesity, moon-like facial features, hyperglycemia, and osteoporosis.
Result of excessive cortisol secretion from the adrenal cortex.

Diabetes Mellitus

Pancreatic disorder leading to increased blood glucose levels.

Type 1 Diabetes

Also known as insulin-dependent diabetes.
Complete insulin deficiency; typically occurs in childhood.

Type 2 Diabetes

Formerly termed non-insulin dependent diabetes.
Involves insulin deficiency and tissue resistance; onset usually in adulthood.

Thyroid Disorders

Goiter: Enlargement of the thyroid gland.
Hyperthyroidism: Overactivity of the thyroid gland, often referred to as Graves' Disease.

Thyroid Function Tests

Radioactive Iodine Uptake: Assesses thyroid function post-ingestion of radioactive iodine.
Thyroid Scan: Uses IV radioactive compound to identify tumors or nodules in the thyroid.

Urinary System Terminology

Combining Forms:
- Cyst/o: urinary bladder
- Nephr/o, Ren/o: kidney
- Pyel/o: renal pelvis
- Ureter/o: ureter
- Urethr/o: urethra

Urinary Conditions

Albuminuria: Presence of protein in urine.
Anuria: Absence of urine production.
Dysuria: Painful urination.
Glycosuria: Glucose present in urine.
Hematuria: Blood found in urine.
Nephrolithiasis: Formation of stones in the kidney.
Renal Failure: Kidneys cease to function; no urine production.

Urinary Diagnostics

Cystoscopy: Visualization of the urinary bladder using a cystoscope.
KUB (Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder): X-ray of the kidneys and urinary tract without contrast.
Intravenous Pyelogram (IVP): X-ray of the urinary tract following contrast injection.
Voiding Cystourethrogram: X-ray of bladder and urethra during urination after contrast filling.

Urinary Procedures

Dialysis: Machine separates waste materials (urea, creatinine, uric acid) from blood.
Lithotripsy: Uses shock waves to break urinary stones for easier passage.
Renal Transplantation: Surgical procedure transferring a donor kidney to a patient.
Urinary Catheterization: Insertion of a catheter into the bladder via the urethra.

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