Medical Terminology Ch. 5 & 6 - Digestive System

Medical Terminology: Digestive System

• Cheil/o: Refers to the lip, synonym with Labi/o.
• Gingiv/o: Pertains to the gums, crucial in dental health.
• Celiac: Term used for anything pertaining to the abdomen.
• Stomat/o: Denotes the mouth, the entry point of the digestive tract.
• Steatorrhea: Condition where fats are inadequately digested, resulting in fatty stool.
• Peristalsis: Describes the wave-like muscular movement that propels food through the digestive system.
• Buccal: Indicates something related to the cheek area.
• Colostomy: Surgical procedure creating an opening from the large intestine to the body surface.
• Cec/o: Combining form for the cecum, the first part of the large intestine.
• Sialadenolithiasis: Condition involving stones in the salivary glands.
• Laparoscopy: Visual examination of the abdomen, often used for diagnostic purposes.
• Pyloric Stenosis: Condition characterized by narrowing of the pylorus, causing gastric outlet obstruction.
• Dyspepsia: Describes difficulty in digestion, commonly associated with discomfort.
• Choledoch/o: Refers to the common bile duct, a vital structure in bile flow.
• Hemoptysis: The act of coughing up blood, indicative of possible serious conditions.
• -stenosis: Suffix meaning narrowing, opposite of -ectasis.
• Gastroscopy: Diagnostic test for examining the stomach and identifying ulcers.
• -rrhea: Indicates flow or discharge, used in various medical contexts.
• Functions of the gastrointestinal tract: Includes action of ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination of waste.
• Celi/o: Combining form meaning belly or abdomen.
• Enter/o: Relates to intestines, predominantly the small intestine.
• Lapar/o: Pertains to the abdomen, often used in surgical terms.
• Mandibul/o: Combining form for the lower jaw, essential in both anatomy and dentistry.
• Pharyng/o: Refers to the throat, playing a critical role in both digestion and respiration.
• Proct/o: Indicates the anus and rectum, relevant in many gastrointestinal discussions.
• Pylor/o: Relates to the pyloric sphincter, regulating passage from stomach to intestine.
• Sialaden/o: Refers to salivary glands, crucial for digestion through saliva.
• Amyl/o: Refers to starch, a significant carbohydrate source in the diet.
• Bile-related terms: Bil/o and Chole/o both denote bile and are important in digestion and absorption of fats.
• Hydrochloric acid: Represented by Chlorhydr/o, key component of gastric juice for digestion.
• Glyc/o: Pertains to sugar, an essential energy source.
• Lip/o: Refers to fat, relevant in nutrition and metabolic processes.
• Py/o: Indicates pus, commonly associated with infections.
• Sial/o: Refers to saliva, which is important for starting the digestion process.
• Steat/o: Pertains to fat, often discussed in the context of metabolism and storage.
• -ase: Suffix indicating enzymes, critical for biochemical reactions.
• -chezia: Refers to defecation, the process of eliminating waste.
• -iasis: Denotes an abnormal condition, often used in pathology.
• -prandial: Relates to meals, often discussed in dietary contexts.
• Achalasia: A disorder where the lower esophageal sphincter fails to relax properly, affecting swallowing.
• Dysentery: Inflammation of the intestines usually resulting from bacterial infection, causing pain and diarrhea.
• -ectasia/-ectasis: Terms for dilation or widening, often relating to organ or vessel conditions.
• -pepsia: Related to digestion, often seen in various gastrointestinal conditions.
• -phagia: Indicates the act of swallowing or eating, important in digestive terminology.
• -plasty: Refers to surgical repair, commonly used in corrective surgery terminology.
• -ptysis: Suffix related to spitting, often seen in respiratory contexts.
• -rrhage/-rrhagia: Terms indicating sudden or severe flow, especially of blood.
• -spasm: Refers to involuntary muscle contractions, relevant in various medical fields.
• -stasis: Indicates stopping or controlling, used in multiple medical conditions.
• -tresia: Indicates an opening, significant in discussing anatomical and physiological structures.

Test your knowledge of medical terminology related to the digestive system with these flashcards. Chapters 5 and 6 cover essential terms that are vital for understanding anatomy and physiology. Perfect for students in healthcare education!