Medical Terminology Ch. 4 Flashcards

Bone and Joint Terminology

• Osteitis: Inflammation of the bone.
• Osteomalacia: Softening of bones, increasing risk of fractures.
• Osteopathy: A disease specifically related to bone.
• Osteoma: A hard growth that develops on a bone.
• Osteoarthritis: Inflammation and destruction involving both bone and joint tissue.
• Osteoporosis: Disease causing deterioration of the bone matrix, leading to porous and weak bones.
• Osteomyelitis: Inflammation affecting both the bone and bone marrow.
• Osteosarcoma: Cancer of the connective tissue associated with bones.
• Osteodysplasia: Defective development of bone.

Joint and Tendon Terminology

• Arthr/o: Prefix signifying joint.
• Arthroscopy: A procedure for examining joints using an instrument called an arthroscope.
• Arthroplasty: Surgical repair of a joint, often involving reconstruction.
• Arthritis: General term for inflammation of a joint, leading to pain and stiffness.
• Tendinitis: Inflammation of the tendon, often due to overuse or injury.
• Tenalgia/Tenodynia: Terms indicating pain specifically in the tendons.
• Bursitis: Inflammation of the bursa, a sac located between tendon and bone, causing joint pain.

Cartilage and Related Conditions

• Cartilage: Elastic connective tissue cushioning joints.
• Chondralgia/Chondrodynia: Pain occurring around cartilage areas.
• Chondrectomy: Surgical procedure for excision of cartilage.
• Osteochondritis: Inflammation affecting both bone and cartilage.
• Meniscus: Crescent-shaped cartilage structure in the knee joint, important for stability.

Surgical and Diagnostic Procedures

• Cystotomy: Incision made into the urinary bladder for surgical purposes.
• Cystectomy: Surgical removal of the urinary bladder.
• Thoracotomy: Surgical incision into the chest cavity for examination or treatment.
• Paracentesis: Procedure involving needle insertion into a body cavity to extract fluid.

Development and Growth Terminology

• Hyperplasia: Excessive growth or development of tissue.
• Hypoplasia: Inadequate development, leading to a reduced size of tissues or organs.
• Pelvimetry: Measurement of the pelvis, often used in obstetrics to assess childbirth feasibility.
• Cephalopelvic: Condition where the fetus's head is larger than the mother's pelvic diameter.

Membranes and Supportive Structures

• Periosteum: A membrane surrounding bones, contributing to growth and repair.
• Perichondrium: Membrane enveloping cartilage, providing support and nourishment.
• Pericardium: Membrane surrounding the heart, important for protection and anchoring.

Pain and Abnormal Conditions

• Dentalgia: Pain occurring in the teeth, often signaling dental issues.
• Adhesion: Abnormal joining of separate tissues, often causing pain or dysfunction.
• Aberrant: Referring to abnormal or atypical conditions or developments.
• Hydrocephalus: Condition characterized by an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the skull, leading to increased head size.

Additional Terminology

• Supralumbar: Descriptive term for anatomical regions located above the lower back.
• Supracostal: Refers to areas situated above the ribs.
• Thoracolumbar: Pertaining to the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spine, important for spinal health assessments.

Test your knowledge of medical terminology with this set of flashcards focused on Chapter 4. Each card defines key terms related to bone and joint conditions, helping reinforce essential vocabulary for medical studies.