Medical Terminology Ch. 4 Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What does 'osteitis' refer to?

Inflammation of the bone (correct)

Disease of bone

Hard growth on a bone

Softening of the bones

What does 'osteomalacia' refer to?

Cancer of connective tissue

Inflammation of the bone

Low number or loss

Softening of the bones (correct)

What does 'osteopathy' mean?

Disease of bone (correct)

Inflammation of joint

Surgical repair of a joint

Membrane around bone

What is an 'osteoma'?

Hard growth on a bone Signup and view all the answers

What does 'arthr/o' refer to?

Joint Signup and view all the answers

What is 'osteoporosis'?

A disease of the bone in which there is deterioration of the bone matrix causing pores and weakness Signup and view all the answers

What does '-penia' signify?

Low number or loss Signup and view all the answers

What type of cancer does 'osteosarcoma' refer to?

Cancer of the bone Signup and view all the answers

What does 'poliomyelitis' mean?

Inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord Signup and view all the answers

What does 'arthroscopy' allow a doctor to do?

Examine joints Signup and view all the answers

What does 'tendinitis' refer to?

Inflammation of the tendon Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of 'bursitis'?

Inflammation of the sac between a tendon and a bone Signup and view all the answers

What does 'chondrectomy' refer to?

Excision of cartilage Signup and view all the answers

What does 'costectomy' mean?

Excision of a rib Signup and view all the answers

What does 'interchondral' describe?

Between cartilages Signup and view all the answers

What does 'pericardium' refer to?

Membrane around the heart Signup and view all the answers

What is 'orthopedist'?

A specialist who treats fractures Signup and view all the answers

What does 'lumbar' mean?

Pertaining to the lower back Signup and view all the answers

What does 'pelvimetry' refer to?

Measurements of the pelvis Signup and view all the answers

What does 'abduction' mean?

Movement away from midline Signup and view all the answers

What does 'adhesion' refer to?

Two normally separate tissues join together Signup and view all the answers

What is 'thoracotomy'?

Incision into the chest Signup and view all the answers

What does 'hydrocephalus' refer to?

Enlarged head due to increased fluid in the skull Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Bone and Joint Terminology

Osteitis: Inflammation of the bone.
Osteomalacia: Softening of bones, increasing risk of fractures.
Osteopathy: A disease specifically related to bone.
Osteoma: A hard growth that develops on a bone.
Osteoarthritis: Inflammation and destruction involving both bone and joint tissue.
Osteoporosis: Disease causing deterioration of the bone matrix, leading to porous and weak bones.
Osteomyelitis: Inflammation affecting both the bone and bone marrow.
Osteosarcoma: Cancer of the connective tissue associated with bones.
Osteodysplasia: Defective development of bone.

Joint and Tendon Terminology

Arthr/o: Prefix signifying joint.
Arthroscopy: A procedure for examining joints using an instrument called an arthroscope.
Arthroplasty: Surgical repair of a joint, often involving reconstruction.
Arthritis: General term for inflammation of a joint, leading to pain and stiffness.
Tendinitis: Inflammation of the tendon, often due to overuse or injury.
Tenalgia/Tenodynia: Terms indicating pain specifically in the tendons.
Bursitis: Inflammation of the bursa, a sac located between tendon and bone, causing joint pain.

Cartilage: Elastic connective tissue cushioning joints.
Chondralgia/Chondrodynia: Pain occurring around cartilage areas.
Chondrectomy: Surgical procedure for excision of cartilage.
Osteochondritis: Inflammation affecting both bone and cartilage.
Meniscus: Crescent-shaped cartilage structure in the knee joint, important for stability.

Surgical and Diagnostic Procedures

Cystotomy: Incision made into the urinary bladder for surgical purposes.
Cystectomy: Surgical removal of the urinary bladder.
Thoracotomy: Surgical incision into the chest cavity for examination or treatment.
Paracentesis: Procedure involving needle insertion into a body cavity to extract fluid.

Development and Growth Terminology

Hyperplasia: Excessive growth or development of tissue.
Hypoplasia: Inadequate development, leading to a reduced size of tissues or organs.
Pelvimetry: Measurement of the pelvis, often used in obstetrics to assess childbirth feasibility.
Cephalopelvic: Condition where the fetus's head is larger than the mother's pelvic diameter.

Membranes and Supportive Structures

Periosteum: A membrane surrounding bones, contributing to growth and repair.
Perichondrium: Membrane enveloping cartilage, providing support and nourishment.
Pericardium: Membrane surrounding the heart, important for protection and anchoring.

Pain and Abnormal Conditions

Dentalgia: Pain occurring in the teeth, often signaling dental issues.
Adhesion: Abnormal joining of separate tissues, often causing pain or dysfunction.
Aberrant: Referring to abnormal or atypical conditions or developments.
Hydrocephalus: Condition characterized by an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the skull, leading to increased head size.

Additional Terminology

Supralumbar: Descriptive term for anatomical regions located above the lower back.
Supracostal: Refers to areas situated above the ribs.
Thoracolumbar: Pertaining to the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spine, important for spinal health assessments.

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Description

Test your knowledge of medical terminology with this set of flashcards focused on Chapter 4. Each card defines key terms related to bone and joint conditions, helping reinforce essential vocabulary for medical studies.