Medical Terminology and Treatments

A natural compound found in sesame oil known for its synergistic effect with pyrethrum insecticides, enhancing their insecticidal activity.

A polyunsaturated fatty acid, specifically an octadecanoic acid, essential for human health and often referred to as "Vitamin F."

A type of flour derived from ground, decorticated soybeans. It's used in a medical test to detect urea nitrogen levels in blood.

A natural compound found in peppermint oil, known for its cooling and soothing effects. It's often used in topical antipruritic agents.

A type of acyclic monoterpene hydrocarbon. It's characterized by its distinct, citrus-like aroma.

Glyceryl triacetate acts as an antifungal agent through the gradual release of this acid on skin, maintaining a non-irritating concentration.

A substance found in the unsaponifiable fraction of Benne oil, an effective synergist that enhances the potency of pyrethrum insecticides.

A primary constituent of Benne Oil, found in the unsaponifiable fraction of the oil. It is a potent synergist for pyrethrum insecticides.

This type of questioning encourages detailed answers, requiring the patient to elaborate on their thoughts and feelings.

These are orders for in-patients, written by physicians on forms, specifying the medications to be administered.

This type of database includes information about the patient's daily routines, cultural background, and living situation. It helps healthcare providers gain a deeper understanding of the patient's life.

This is a test that assesses a person's ability to think clearly and process information, by asking them to recall a list of words or a short story.

This is a part of the patient's record that documents their identification information, such as their name, date of birth, and insurance details.

The first-line treatment for Myoclonic Seizures refers to the most common and effective medication for this type of seizure disorder.

These are symptoms that can be present in Parkinsonian syndrome, a condition that affects the brain and causes movement problems.

This is a specific type of benzodiazepine often used for anxiety relief. It helps calm the nervous system.

The scientific study of the identification, classification, cultivation, and protection of natural sources of drugs, as well as the production of effective drug compounds at the molecular level.

This branch of Pharmacognosy focuses on studying the molecular structure and activity of natural compounds and their potential use in medicine.

Genetically modified organisms are used as 'factories' to produce therapeutic molecules encoded by genes.

The chemical composition of natural drugs can vary based on factors like when and where they were grown, and how they were stored.

Agrobacterium is a bacterium that's used to transfer T-DNA into plant cells, which can induce the formation of hairy roots or crown galls.

The study of the relationship between a plant's genetics, its chemical components, and its medicinal properties.

It's important to identify and authenticate natural medicines to ensure quality and safety.

The study of how plants are classified and named based on their shared characteristics.

A type of amino acid, a.k.a. L-phenylalanine. It's an essential amino acid, which means our body can't produce it, so we must obtain it from our diet. It's a building block for proteins and works as a precursor for other essential compounds, such as tyrosine. It's found in foods like meat, fish, eggs, dairy and soy products.

The basic building block of cocaine alkaloids, it's a complex molecule. It's structurally unique and essential for understanding cocaine's properties and effects.

A C-10 compound that is a precursor for terpenes. Terpenes are a large class of natural products found in plants, playing roles in flavors, fragrances, and their defense mechanisms. It's synthesized from isopentenyl pyrophosphate and dimethyallyl pyrophosphate.

A resin commonly used for varnish. It's extracted from the Agathis alba tree and used in various applications for its protective and aesthetic properties.

This saponin glycoside has a pentacyclic triterpenoidal aglycone. It's a specific type of saponin based on its structure. It's often found in dicotyledonous plants - plants with two seed leaves.

These compounds work as diuretics by promoting dilation of the renal medullary blood vessels. They help in increasing urine production, which can be helpful for various medical conditions.

This alkaloid, like arecoline, cocaine, colchicine, and lobeline, is classified as a heterocyclic alkaloid. It's a complex molecule with unique chemical properties and biological activities.

This active principle, along with arbutin, glycyrrhizin, senegin, and tomatin, exhibits haemolytic properties. It's known to break down red blood cells, which can have both beneficial and harmful effects depending on the context.

A type of glycoside found in licorice root and stolons.

A cyanogenic glycoside is a glycoside that releases hydrogen cyanide upon hydrolysis. Arbutin does not release hydrogen cyanide upon hydrolysis.

Anthrone is a derivative of anthracene, a compound found in many natural products. Oxanthrone is an isomer of anthrone, meaning they have the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements.

B-amylase is an enzyme that breaks down polysaccharides, specifically amylose, into maltose units. It acts on the non-reducing ends of the polysaccharide chain.

Movicol® is a medication used for constipation. It contains a specific gum along with frangula, an anthraquinone glycoside.

Anthraquinone glycosides are natural compounds used as cathartic agents, meaning they promote bowel movements. The aglycone portion of these compounds is responsible for their activity, not the glycone.

Hydrogenation is a chemical reaction that adds hydrogen atoms to a molecule. This process is used to convert liquid oils into semisolid fats, making them suitable for cooking and shortening.

Anthraquinone glycosides are natural compounds used as cathartic agents, promoting bowel movements. They are derived from anthracene, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.

A mode of DNA replication where each newly formed DNA molecule consists of one original strand and one newly synthesized strand. This occurs because the two strands of the DNA double helix separate, and each serves as a template for the synthesis of a new complementary strand.

A topoisomerase that helps prevent DNA tangling during replication. It is targeted by the chemotherapy drug etoposide, which inhibits its function and prevents DNA replication.

This strand is synthesized continuously in the direction of the replication fork. It is synthesized by DNA polymerase using the leading template strand as a guide.

This strand is synthesized discontinuously, in short fragments (Okazaki fragments) away from the replication fork. Its synthesis requires RNA primers and is carried out by DNA polymerase.

A type of mutation that occurs when one nitrogenous base in a codon is replaced by another. This can result in a silent mutation (no change in amino acid), missense mutation (change in amino acid), or nonsense mutation (premature stop codon).

A genetic disorder caused by a deletion of three nucleotides in the CFTR gene, leading to the absence of phenylalanine at position 508 in the protein. This results in abnormal chloride transport, affecting the lungs, pancreas, and other organs.

A model explaining how a single tRNA can recognize multiple codons for the same amino acid. The first base (5') of the tRNA anticodon has more flexibility and can pair with more than one base at the third position (3') of the codon.

A sequence in prokaryotic mRNA that helps initiate protein synthesis by binding to the ribosome's small subunit.