Medical Terminology and Toxicology Quiz

Indian Legal System & Court Procedure

• IPC (Indian Penal Code): Contains 511 sections, covering crime and punishment.
• CRPC (Criminal Procedure Code): Includes 484 sections, focusing on investigation and judgment.
• Indian Evidence Act: Dated 1872, distinguishes between oral and documentary evidence.
• Witness Types: Includes eye witnesses (Mc witness), hearsay witnesses (not valid, with exceptions like dying declarations), and expert witnesses (qualified doctors). Offences needing warrants
• Cognizable Offences: Allowed arrest without warrants as defined under 2(c) CRPC. Related offences
• Rape
• Ragging
• Rash driving
• Robbery

Courts

• Supreme Court: Highest court in the country.
• High Court: Located in each state.
• Session Court: Located in each district.
• Additional Courts
• Assistant Session Courts: With 10+ years of experience.
• Judicial Magistrates: Chief judicial magistrate with 7+ years, with further classes of magistrates by years of service in lower ranks.
• Inquest: An investigation to determine the cause of death.

Court Procedure

• Summon (Subpoena): Disobeying a lawful summon is punishable (174 IPC). This is used related to civil and criminal cases.
• Conduct Money: Witnesses receive payment for court expenses.
• Oath: Refusal to give an oath is an offence (178 IPC), with perjury (191 IPC) being the false oath. This has a associated penalty (193 IPC).

Dying Declaration

• 32 IEA: Used for declarations from those expected to die.
• Medical Experts: 1st doctor verifies competence of a dying person, while records are made by the proper authorities.
• Requirements: Oath, leading questions not needed, signature by recorder and two witnesses, for validity.

Criminal Responsibility

• Age: Under 7 years not considered criminally responsible.
• Insanity: An insane person is not held responsible for crimes.
• Intoxication: Involuntary intoxication is not criminal, whereas voluntary is.
• Homicide Related Offences: Include definition, punishment & offences related to murder/ non-murderous homicide. This also covers medical negligence related murder offences.

Injury and Grievous Hurt

• Various details surrounding injury , grievous hurt and other offenses
• Acts including assault, causes of murder, and accidental death by negligence details are included.

Sexual Offenses

• Rape: Definition and associated offences.
• Statutory Rape: Defined by the age of the person and consent details.
• Examination of victim details: Legal burden considerations.
• Sexual Offences: Various sexual offences with details
• Unnatural Sexual Offenses: Offences falling outside normal sexual behaviours and their classifications under the legal system.

Electrical Injuries

• Types: Joule burns, crocodile burns, filigree burns, and injuries from lightning.
• Torture Methods: Including methods such as beating, suffocation, etc.
• Causes, types and outcomes of electrical injury.

Chapter 3: Thanatology

• Somatic Death: Determination of death through standard assessments.
• Cellular Death: When the body cells cease functioning.
• Post Mortem Changes: Details on body changes after death.
• Types of change effects: Physical effects and characteristics.

Chapter 4: Post-Mortem Techniques

• Autopsy Types: Medico-legal, clinical, virtual, obscure & negative autopsies and their uses.
• Cause of Death: How to find the cause of death through different processes.
• Incisions: Specific incision techniques for various situations.

Types of Bullets

• Types: Different projectile types used for different purposes and effects.
• Effects: Different projectile effects on the body, and different methods of use.

Blood and Tissue Staining

• Colour of Scab: Stages for different colours in scabs over time
• Contusions: Types, causes, appearance and effects
• Laceration details: Different cuts, causes, effects & patterns.
• Sharp Force Trauma: Types of cuts, their effects and causes of them.
• Skull Fractures: Different fracture types, medical imaging results & factors
• Forensic Ballistics: Various ballistic considerations.

Chapter 10: Toxicology.

• Poison Classifications: Organophosphates, corrosives, Metals, acids, poisons & poisonous gases, plant toxins & factors.
• Toxic Symptoms: Varying effects of different poisons.
• Diagnosis: Methods used to determine the presence of ingested or contacted toxins.
• Treatment and Antidotes: Procedures to treat poisoning and corresponding solutions.

Chapter 9: Impotency, Abortion and Virginity.

• Impotency, Sterility and Virginity: Causes, medical issues and effects.
• Legal Considerations: Relevant legal standards and considerations

Chapter 11: MTP

• Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP): Indicating how MTPs are processed.
• Medical Process Procedures: Types of procedures for MTPs.

Other Chapters

• Details about the effects, causes & treatments of other conditions like drowning, hanging, strangle, accidents & causes of other deaths.
• Additional details surrounding different crimes and procedures