Medical Terminology and Endocrine Disorders

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Questions and Answers

What does the term 'acr/o' refer to?

throid, shield

adrenal gland

sweet, sugar

extremity (correct)

What does 'adren/o' mean?

adrenal gland

What does 'crine' refer to?

to excrete

What does '-edema' indicate?

swelling Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of 'end/o'?

within Signup and view all the answers

What does 'exo' mean?

out, away from Signup and view all the answers

What does 'gluc/o' refer to?

sweet, sugar Signup and view all the answers

What does 'gonad' signify?

seed Signup and view all the answers

What does '-one' denote?

hormone Signup and view all the answers

What does 'thyr/o' represent?

thyroid, shield Signup and view all the answers

What condition is caused by the overproduction of growth hormone by the pituitary gland?

acromegaly Signup and view all the answers

What is Addison's disease?

condition in which the cortex of the adrenal gland is damaged, decreasing the production of adrenocortical hormones Signup and view all the answers

What is an adenoma?

tumor of a gland Signup and view all the answers

Where are the adrenal glands located?

on top of each kidney Signup and view all the answers

What are androgens?

hormones that produce or stimulate the development of male characteristics Signup and view all the answers

What does cardiomegaly refer to?

enlargement of the heart Signup and view all the answers

What is Cushing's disease?

a rare disorder that develops when too much cortisol is released by the adrenal cortex Signup and view all the answers

What is diabetes mellitus?

condition in which the body is unable to produce enough insulin to properly control blood sugar levels Signup and view all the answers

What does dwarfism refer to?

condition characterized by shorter than normal skeletal growth Signup and view all the answers

What is an endocrinologist?

physician who specializes in the study of the endocrine glands Signup and view all the answers

What is epinephrine?

hormone produced by the adrenal medulla Signup and view all the answers

What condition does exophthalmos describe?

condition produced by hyperthyroidism where eyeballs protrude due to swelling Signup and view all the answers

What does exocrine mean?

external secretion of a gland Signup and view all the answers

What is gestational diabetes?

condition in which the body is unable to produce enough insulin during pregnancy Signup and view all the answers

What condition results from excessive secretion of growth hormone during childhood?

gigantism Signup and view all the answers

What does goiter refer to?

an enlarged thyroid gland Signup and view all the answers

What is Graves's disease?

most common cause of hyperthyroidism Signup and view all the answers

What does Hashimoto's thyroiditis indicate?

autoimmune inflammation of the thyroid that causes hypothyroidism Signup and view all the answers

What is a hormone?

chemical substance produced by the endocrine glands Signup and view all the answers

What does hypothyroidism mean?

condition in which the thyroid produces inadequate amounts of hormones Signup and view all the answers

What is hydrocortisone?

glucocorticoid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Medical Terminology Flashcards

acr/o: refers to extremities, often related to limbs.
adren/o: denotes the adrenal gland, essential for hormone production.
crine: means to excrete or secrete substances from glands.
-edema: illustrates swelling, often used in medical terms for fluid accumulation.
end/o: indicates something within or internal.
exo: signifies out or away from, commonly used to describe external secretions.
gluc/o: pertains to sweetness or sugar, foundational in energy metabolism.
gonad: refers to a seed, typically in context of reproductive organs.
-one: indicates a hormone, which are regulatory messengers in the body.
thyr/o: relates to the thyroid gland, resembling a shield in its shape.

Endocrine Disorders

acromegaly: a hormonal disorder caused by excessive growth hormone (GH) production by the pituitary gland.
Addison's disease: results from damage to the adrenal cortex, leading to insufficient production of adrenocortical hormones, often stemming from autoimmunity.
adenoma: a type of tumor formed from glandular tissue, can affect hormone production.
adrenal glands: located atop each kidney; play a crucial role in stress response and metabolism.
androgen: group of hormones, such as testosterone, responsible for developing male characteristics.
cardiomegaly: indicates an enlargement of the heart which may signal underlying heart disease.
Cushing's disease: rare disorder characterized by excessive cortisol levels due to pituitary stimulation, resulting in various symptoms including weight gain.
diabetes mellitus: condition marked by insufficient insulin production, leading to high blood sugar levels and energy metabolism issues.
dwarfism: results in significantly shorter-than-average skeletal growth, can be due to genetic factors or hormonal deficiencies.
endocrinologist: a medical specialist focusing on endocrine glands and related disorders.

Hormonal Functions and Conditions

epinephrine: hormone from adrenal medulla, functioning as a vasoconstrictor and cardiac stimulant, crucial in stress responses.
exophthalmos: condition linked to hyperthyroidism; manifests as bulging eyes due to tissue swelling behind them.
exocrine: pertains to glands that secrete substances externally, such as sweat or saliva.
gestational diabetes: occurs during pregnancy when insulin production is insufficient, usually resolves post-delivery.
gigantism: results from excess GH secretion during childhood, before growth plates close, causing abnormal height increase.
goiter: an enlarged thyroid gland, frequently associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, an autoimmune condition.
Graves's disease: a leading cause of hyperthyroidism; the immune system stimulates excessive thyroid hormone production.
Hashimoto's thyroiditis: autoimmune disorder leading to hypothyroidism and goiter due to thyroid inflammation.
hormone: chemical messengers produced by endocrine glands; key in regulating bodily functions.
hypothyroidism: inadequate hormone production by the thyroid, potentially leading to an enlarged gland and various metabolic issues.
hydrocortisone: a glucocorticoid hormone from the adrenal cortex, utilized as an anti-inflammatory treatment.

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Description

This quiz covers key medical terminology related to the endocrine system and common disorders. Test your knowledge on terms like 'acromegaly' and 'Addison's disease' as well as essential prefixes and suffixes used in medical language. Perfect for students of medical science and healthcare fields.