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Questions and Answers
What is the term for the highest point of a wave?
What does frequency measure in relation to waves?
Which of these statements about wavelengths is true?
How is the electromagnetic spectrum described?
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What is one benefit of enhanced connectivity in Point-of-Care Testing (POCT)?
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Which lamp is known for providing a steady state in a short time period and covering the entire UV and visible light wavelength range?
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What is the typical lifespan benefit of using a xenon lamp compared to a deuterium or halogen lamp?
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What is the primary reason for the higher cost of xenon lamps?
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Which of the following lamp types is not mentioned as commonly used in UV absorption measurements?
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What type of radiation does a Globar lamp emit, and in what wavelength range?
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What is the primary function of a hot air oven in a laboratory?
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Which equipment is best for incubating samples at a constant temperature?
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Why are certain reagents stored in refrigerators in a medical laboratory?
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What is the purpose of using a water bath instead of an open flame?
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Which laboratory equipment is primarily used to view micro-sized objects?
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What type of balances are most commonly used in medical laboratories for precision?
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In what application would a water bath be the preferred heat source?
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Which of the following is NOT a use of a hot air oven?
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What is the primary function of an incubator in a laboratory setting?
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Which of the following accurately describes the working principle of an autoclave?
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What is the purpose of a pH meter?
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How does a colorimeter function?
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What equipment is used primarily for water purification?
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Which laboratory instrument is specifically designed to protect hygroscopic materials from moisture?
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For what purpose are blood gas analyzers primarily used?
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What is the standard pressure and temperature setting for a functioning autoclave?
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What happens to the energy of light as the frequency increases?
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Which parameter describes the distance from peak to peak in a light wave?
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What is the speed of light in a vacuum in cm/s?
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Which of the following statements correctly describes the relationship between wavelength and energy of light?
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What unit is used to measure frequency?
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What defines the color we perceive from light?
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What is the value of Planck's constant?
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Which parameter describes the height of a wave's electric vector?
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Study Notes
Medical Laboratory Equipment
- Microscopes are used extensively in medical labs to visualize microscopic objects.
- Analytical balances are used for accurate and precise weighing of reagents and standards in the lab.
- Refrigerators are used to preserve laboratory specimens, reagents, and other essential materials.
- Hot air ovens are used to sterilize glassware, chemicals, and sealed containers in the lab.
- Water baths provide a constant temperature source for incubating samples, particularly beneficial when heating flammable chemicals.
- Incubators are used to cultivate and maintain microbiological or cell cultures by providing optimal temperature and humidity.
- Autoclaves sterilize samples and lab instruments using steam, pressure, and high temperature, effectively decontaminating materials.
- Colorimeters are used to measure the absorbance and transmittance of light passing through a liquid sample to determine the concentration of a substance.
- pH meters measure the pH or hydrogen ion concentration of a solution using the potential difference between two electrodes.
- Desiccators are used to protect hygroscopic materials, chemicals, and samples from moisture, ensuring their stability.
- Blood Gas Analyzers measure the pH and partial pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide directly from a blood sample, assisting in the assessment of respiratory and metabolic status.
- Water Purification Equipment includes deionized (DI) water systems, water distillers, reagent-grade water systems, and laboratory filters for producing high-quality water for lab use.
Point-of-Care (POCT) Devices
- Technological innovations are leading to more sophisticated and accurate POCT devices.
- Advancements in biomarker detection are expanding the applications of POCT in clinical biochemistry.
- Enhanced connectivity between POCT devices and electronic health records (EHRs) is enabling seamless integration of data.
Properties of Light
- Light waves consist of oscillating electric and magnetic fields that are perpendicular to each other.
- Amplitude (A): The height of the wave's electric vector.
- Wavelength (λ): The distance between two peaks in the wave (measured in units like nm, cm, m).
- Frequency (v): The number of complete oscillations of the wave per second. The unit of frequency is Hertz (Hz).
- Energy (E): The energy of a single photon (light particle) is directly proportional to its frequency.
- The relationship between frequency and wavelength of light is inverse. Shorter wavelengths have higher frequencies, and vice versa.
- The relationship between energy and wavelength is inverse; shorter wavelengths have higher energy, and vice versa.
Spectrophotometer
- Spectrophotometers measure the absorbance or transmittance of light through a sample.
- Basic components include a light source, a monochromator (for selecting a specific wavelength), a cuvette to hold the sample, a detector, and a readout device.
- Common light sources used in spectrophotometers include deuterium lamp, halogen lamps, xenon lamps, hydrogen gas lamp, mercury lamp, Globar (for infrared), and NiChrome wire (for infrared).
Absorption of Light
- Visible light is a combination of wavelengths of light, each corresponding to a particular color.
- The color we see is the result of the wavelengths that are reflected back to our eyes.
- Different chemicals absorb different wavelengths of light, accounting for their unique color.
- UV-Vis spectrophotometers are commonly used for measuring absorbance in the ultraviolet (UV) and visible (Vis) ranges.
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Description
Test your knowledge on essential medical laboratory equipment through this quiz. From microscopes to autoclaves, understand the purpose and functions of various instruments used in medical labs. Challenge your learning and reinforce your understanding of laboratory practices.
