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Questions and Answers
Which virus is classified under the genus hepevirus?
Which virus is classified under the genus hepevirus?
What type of genetic material do reoviruses possess?
What type of genetic material do reoviruses possess?
Which virus is NOT part of the flavivirus group?
Which virus is NOT part of the flavivirus group?
What characteristic defines retroviruses?
What characteristic defines retroviruses?
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Which groups of viruses are classified as paramyxoviruses?
Which groups of viruses are classified as paramyxoviruses?
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Which of the following is the main human pathogen associated with orthomyxoviruses?
Which of the following is the main human pathogen associated with orthomyxoviruses?
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Which of the following viruses is a member of the lentivirus group?
Which of the following viruses is a member of the lentivirus group?
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What is the primary structure of togaviruses?
What is the primary structure of togaviruses?
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What type of genetic material do adenoviruses contain?
What type of genetic material do adenoviruses contain?
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What is a key characteristic of hepadnaviruses?
What is a key characteristic of hepadnaviruses?
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Which of the following is NOT a herpesvirus associated with human disease?
Which of the following is NOT a herpesvirus associated with human disease?
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What is the shape of poxviruses?
What is the shape of poxviruses?
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Which family of viruses is the smallest?
Which family of viruses is the smallest?
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What type of virus are caliciviruses categorized as?
What type of virus are caliciviruses categorized as?
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What main infection is primarily caused by herpes simplex virus type 1?
What main infection is primarily caused by herpes simplex virus type 1?
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Which viral family has members that can cause respiratory diseases?
Which viral family has members that can cause respiratory diseases?
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What term is used to describe a virus that lacks a lipid-containing membrane surrounding its nucleocapsid?
What term is used to describe a virus that lacks a lipid-containing membrane surrounding its nucleocapsid?
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Which of the following steps is NOT part of the viral replication cycle?
Which of the following steps is NOT part of the viral replication cycle?
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What characterizes enveloped viruses in relation to their structure?
What characterizes enveloped viruses in relation to their structure?
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Which group of viruses is classified as dsRNA?
Which group of viruses is classified as dsRNA?
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What do the proteins found in the envelope of an enveloped virus originate from?
What do the proteins found in the envelope of an enveloped virus originate from?
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Which statement about papovaviruses is accurate?
Which statement about papovaviruses is accurate?
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Which of the following viruses is NOT a member of the hepadnavirus family?
Which of the following viruses is NOT a member of the hepadnavirus family?
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In terms of size, which of the following virus families is known to be the largest?
In terms of size, which of the following virus families is known to be the largest?
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What is the primary mode of transmission of MERS to humans?
What is the primary mode of transmission of MERS to humans?
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What is the virus strain responsible for COVID-19?
What is the virus strain responsible for COVID-19?
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Which of the following symptoms is NOT commonly associated with COVID-19?
Which of the following symptoms is NOT commonly associated with COVID-19?
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What percentage of people who become infected with COVID-19 typically recover without special treatment?
What percentage of people who become infected with COVID-19 typically recover without special treatment?
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During the 2019–20 pandemic, when was COVID-19 declared a pandemic by WHO?
During the 2019–20 pandemic, when was COVID-19 declared a pandemic by WHO?
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What are the common mild symptoms that can begin gradually in COVID-19 patients?
What are the common mild symptoms that can begin gradually in COVID-19 patients?
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Which group of individuals is more likely to develop serious illness from COVID-19?
Which group of individuals is more likely to develop serious illness from COVID-19?
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What is the incubation period for COVID-19 as stated in the content?
What is the incubation period for COVID-19 as stated in the content?
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What properties contribute to the classification of a virus into genera and species?
What properties contribute to the classification of a virus into genera and species?
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What type of viral genome is capable of serving directly as a template for protein synthesis?
What type of viral genome is capable of serving directly as a template for protein synthesis?
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Which of the following describes a characteristic of capsids with helical symmetry?
Which of the following describes a characteristic of capsids with helical symmetry?
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How are capsomers related to icosahedral symmetry in viral capsids?
How are capsomers related to icosahedral symmetry in viral capsids?
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What is a key difference between positive-strand and negative-strand RNA viruses?
What is a key difference between positive-strand and negative-strand RNA viruses?
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What type of symmetry do most viral capsids exhibit, according to their geometric configurations?
What type of symmetry do most viral capsids exhibit, according to their geometric configurations?
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What defines the nucleocapsid of a virus?
What defines the nucleocapsid of a virus?
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What is the role of hydrogen bonding in the structure of viral capsids?
What is the role of hydrogen bonding in the structure of viral capsids?
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Which type of vaccine uses mRNA technology?
Which type of vaccine uses mRNA technology?
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What type of virus is characterized by having an envelope?
What type of virus is characterized by having an envelope?
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Which of the following vaccines is classified as a viral vector vaccine?
Which of the following vaccines is classified as a viral vector vaccine?
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What type of RNA virus is characterized by having double-stranded RNA?
What type of RNA virus is characterized by having double-stranded RNA?
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Which of the following vaccines requires only one dose?
Which of the following vaccines requires only one dose?
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Which RNA viruses have positive-polarity RNA?
Which RNA viruses have positive-polarity RNA?
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Which of the following is NOT classified as a DNA virus family?
Which of the following is NOT classified as a DNA virus family?
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What is the primary method for classifying viruses?
What is the primary method for classifying viruses?
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Study Notes
Medical Important Viruses
- Viruses are infectious agents composed of a genome (RNA or DNA, not both) and a protein capsid.
- Some viruses have an additional lipid envelope.
- A complete virus particle is called a virion.
- Viruses replicate inside host cells.
- Viral replication is a complex process, often obligately intracellular.
- Viral pathogenicity depends on various structural and functional characteristics.
- Different virus species can have distinct clinical pathologies.
- Viruses are significantly smaller than host cells (100-1000x).
- Size ranges from 20nm to 300nm in diameter.
- Viruses used for classifying families, genera, and species.
- Classification factors:
- Type and structure of viral nucleic acid.
- Viral replication strategy.
- Viral capsid symmetry (helical or icosahedral).
- Presence or absence of a lipid envelope.
Viral Structure
- Viruses have a protein coat (capsid) that protects the nucleic acid.
- Icosahedral symmetry is common with capsid composed of multiple copies of a single polypeptide(s).
- Helical symmetry is another capsid structure. Its formed from repeating units of a polypeptide that aggregate.
- Some viruses have an envelope (membrane) composed of a lipid bilayer that surrounds the capsid.
Viral Replication
- Viral replication involves several steps, including attachment, penetration, uncoating, genome replication, protein synthesis, assembly, and release of new virions.
Virus Classification
- Baltimore classification categorizes viruses into seven groups based on their genome structure and replication strategy.
- I: dsDNA viruses, II: ssDNA viruses, III: dsRNA viruses, IV: (+)ssRNA viruses, V: (−)ssRNA viruses, VI: ssRNA-RT viruses, and VII: dsDNA-RT viruses.
- Based on structure, some are naked, i.e., nonenveloped and others are enveloped.
- Some important naked and enveloped virus families: - Parvoviruses (Naked) - Adenoviruses (Naked) - Papovaviruses (Naked) - Poxviruses (Enveloped) - Herpesviruses (Enveloped) - Hepadnaviruses (Enveloped)
Viral Diseases
- Various viruses cause diseases in humans.
- Example of the viruses involved in causing diseases and outbreaks: - COVID-19, - SARS, - MERS, - Measles, - influenza, - HIV.
Viral Detection Methods
- Molecular tests, such as PCR, detect viral nucleic acid.
- Serological tests detect antibodies indicative of prior infection.
Viral prevention and treatment
- Vaccination and other preventive strategies can provide immunity to specific viral infections.
- antiviral drugs.
Viral classification and nomenclature:
- Viruses are classified into families, genera, and species based on relatedness, similarities, and distinguishing characteristics.
- Viruses different from bacteria: The virus classification uses different nomenclature compared to bacteria for their distinct characteristics.
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Description
This quiz covers essential information about medical viruses, including their structure, replication, and classification. Explore the characteristics that distinguish various virus species and learn about the role of virions in pathogenicity. Test your understanding of viral structure and function.
