Medical Ethics: Autonomy vs Paternalism
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Questions and Answers

What is a critical element of any theory that gives weight to autonomy?

  • Informed consent (correct)
  • Paternalism
  • Beneficence
  • Patient autonomy

What is the purpose of full disclosure and truthfulness in modern times?

  • To promote paternalism
  • To ensure beneficence
  • To respect the patient's right to informed consent (correct)
  • To ensure patient autonomy

What is the foundation of the patient's right to give informed consent to treatment?

  • Honesty and autonomy (correct)
  • Paternalism and beneficence
  • Honesty and beneficence
  • Paternalism and autonomy

What is the primary way in which patient preferences become expressed and applied?

<p>Through informed consent (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the components of informed consent?

<p>The purpose and distinct nature of the treatment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a necessary component of informed consent?

<p>A dialogue between the patient and the provider (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is another component of informed consent?

<p>The potential complications and risks associated with the proposed treatment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a component of informed consent that involves a discussion of alternative treatments?

<p>All reasonable alternative treatment(s) or procedures and a discussion of their relative risks and benefits (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a result of respecting patient autonomy?

<p>Patients are more likely to give informed consent to treatment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an ethical principle that is opposed to autonomy?

<p>Paternalism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Paternalistic Decision Making

  • Justified in emergency situations when patient lacks capacity and there is no time to consult relatives
  • Exception to the general principle of autonomy

Autonomy vs. Paternalism

  • Patients presumed to have sufficient capacity to decide on their own medical treatment, unless evidence suggests otherwise
  • Forces that limit or obstruct patient autonomy: compromised competence, stress of illness (e.g. patients with stroke, coma, or dementia)
  • Balance between autonomy and paternalism needed to provide the best help to the patient

Honesty and Truth Telling

  • APhA Code of Ethics for Pharmacists (1994): pharmacists have a duty to tell the truth
  • Patients have the right to truthful communication regarding their medical condition, treatment, and alternative treatments
  • Challenge: balancing honesty with potential harm from full disclosure of every detail

Autonomy

  • Establishes a patient's rights to self-determination and moral right to choose their own life plan and action
  • Patients need to be informed in language they understand, with unbiased explanations of treatment options, risks, and benefits

Paternalism

  • Health professionals seeing themselves in a parental role, knowing what is best for the patient
  • Fails to consider patient preferences, beliefs, and practices
  • Critical element of any theory that gives weight to autonomy
  • Requires a dialogue between patient and provider, including:
    • Diagnosis or nature of the condition
    • Purpose and nature of the treatment
    • Potential complications and risks
    • All reasonable alternative treatments and their relative risks and benefits
    • Option of taking no action

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Description

Test your understanding of medical ethics principles, including autonomy and paternalism, in relation to patient decision-making and capacity.

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