FMP™ | Pre-Course Assessment
121 Questions
0 Views

FMP™ | Pre-Course Assessment

Created by
@ImpactEMSTraining

Podcast Beta

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of administering hypertonic normal saline to the patient experiencing seizures?

  • To decrease blood pressure
  • To increase sodium levels rapidly (correct)
  • To hydrate the patient effectively
  • To provide immediate energy for brain function

    • Which safety principle is emphasized in crew resource management?

  • Safety concerns should be raised after the flight
  • Only the captain can voice safety concerns
  • Any crew member has the right to voice safety concerns (correct)
  • Crew members should voice concern only during crises

    • What does Henry's Law explain in relation to SCUBA diving?

  • The solubility of gas in liquids at various pressures (correct)
  • The effects of temperature on gas solubility
  • The relationship between pressure and volume
  • The relationship between molecular weight and gas escape

    • Which diagnostic finding is typically associated with a shearing force injury to the ligamentum arteriosum?

    <p>Widened mediastinum on chest x-ray</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical treatment consideration for a patient with difficulty breathing that is not responding to oxygen?

    <p>Administering ACLS drugs at longer intervals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended space requirement between the flight suit and the crew member's skin according to CAMTS regulations?

    <p>1/4 inch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the optimal position for a patient who will undergo endotracheal intubation?

    <p>Ear-to-sternal notch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What medication might the patient bitten by a black widow spider require in addition to supportive care?

    <p>Antihypertensive therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement reflects a critical aspect of crew resource management in a flight crew setting?

    <p>Any crew member, regardless of discipline, has the right to voice safety concerns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the flight paramedic most likely suspect in a patient with abdominal pain, elevated WBC count, bruising around the umbilicus, and elevated amylase and lipase?

    <p>Hemorrhagic pancreatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical action for the ground crew at a rollover scene to ensure safety?

    <p>Request state troopers to set up with lights flashing 500 yards in each direction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a family with sudden headache, nausea, and altered mental status, what condition should the nurse suspect?

    <p>Carbon monoxide poisoning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a patient presenting with syncope and vital signs indicating low blood pressure, what condition should be suspected?

    <p>Right ventricular infarct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a mainstay treatment for a 56-year-old male patient with syncope and significantly low blood pressure?

    <p>IV fluid bolus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In managing a patient with a lower GI bleed who experiences hand spasms during a BP check, what should be considered?

    <p>Reducing the dose of the paralytic agent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done before performing a rapid sequence intubation on a patient who was gored by a bull?

    <p>Ensure that adequate sedation and paralysis are achieved.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential risk for a patient with elevated alkaline phosphatase?

    <p>Coagulopathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best approach to manage the blood pressure of a patient with persistent hypertension after a subarachnoid hemorrhage?

    <p>Nicardipine to titrate a systolic BP of 160 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which intubation strategy has been shown to maximize first-pass success rates?

    <p>Video laryngoscopy and bougie in all intubations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the delivered minute volume for a patient on a ventilator set to CMV: Vt 500, f 20?

    <p>10 L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a case of sudden cabin depressurization at 26,000 MSL, what stage of hypoxia is the pilot likely experiencing?

    <p>Disturbance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the narrowest part of the pediatric airway?

    <p>Cricoid ring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the treatment for salt vs. fresh water drowning patients?

    <p>They are treated the same</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would the expected hemoglobin and hematocrit levels be after administering two units of low-titer O whole blood to a patient with a hemoglobin of 5.8 g/dL?

    <p>Hgb 7.8 g/dL, Hct 34%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the required space between the flight suit and the crew member's skin according to CAMTS regulations?

    <p>1/4 inch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what position should a patient who is about to undergo endotracheal intubation be placed?

    <p>Ear-to-sternal notch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What risk does a patient with elevated alkaline phosphatase levels face?

    <p>Coagulopathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best approach to manage the blood pressure of a patient with large subarachnoid hemorrhage who is persistently hypertensive?

    <p>Nicardipine to titrate a systolic BP of 160 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to evidence-based research, which initial intubation strategy maximizes first-pass success rate?

    <p>Video laryngoscopy and bougie on all intubations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the delivered minute volume when a ventilator is set to CMV: Vt 500, f 20, FiO2 1.0, PEEP 5?

    <p>10 L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stage of hypoxia is characterized by the pilot's inability to engage in coherent conversation or use flight controls?

    <p>Disturbance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the narrowest part of the pediatric airway?

    <p>Cricoid ring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are salt and fresh water drowning patients treated in current evidence-based practice?

    <p>They are treated the same</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which flight environmental phenomenon is usually described as 'annoying' but may result in severe spatial disorientation especially on sunny days or during night operations?

    <p>Flicker vertigo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An 18 month old patient presenting with a seal-bark cough, low grade fever, and dyspnea will most likely exhibit which radiographic sign?

    <p>Steeple Sign</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During endotracheal intubation with a McIntosh blade, where is the tip of the blade typically inserted?

    <p>Vallecula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A fetal heart tracing indicating acidotic condition is most likely to present as which of the following?

    <p>Deceleration pattern</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An ICP waveform indicating increased intracranial pressure would show which of the following characteristics?

    <p>Large spikes in amplitude</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors must providers consider regarding pediatric airway and pulmonary management?

    <p>Higher airway resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first-line drug for managing status epilepticus?

    <p>Midazolam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In your neuro ICU patient, what does a cold, pulseless, and apneic condition indicate after drowning in cold water?

    <p>Hypothermia-induced cardiac arrest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which response during crew resource management ensures safety concerns are acknowledged?

    <p>Any crew member can voice safety concerns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is suggested by abdominal pain, vomiting, and elevated amylase and lipase levels?

    <p>Hemorrhagic pancreatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary safety measure for ground crews at a rollover scene?

    <p>Setting up lights 500 yards in both directions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a suspected case of carbon monoxide poisoning, what immediate action should the nurse take?

    <p>Administer oxygen and monitor vital signs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition should be suspected in a patient with syncope and low blood pressure?

    <p>Right ventricular infarct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mainstay of treatment for a patient with significantly low blood pressure and syncope?

    <p>Starting IV fluid bolus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be considered when a patient with a lower GI bleed exhibits hand spasms during a blood pressure check?

    <p>Reducing the dose of the paralytic agent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What vital signs indicate further management is necessary before intubating a patient with trauma from a bull goring?

    <p>P 144, R 32, BP 100/54, SpO2 97%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment is indicated for a patient with seizure activity following prolonged exposure to a sauna?

    <p>Administration of hypertonic normal saline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hemodynamic state might be indicated by the following values: CO 6.5, CVP 14, PAWP 21, SVR 1200?

    <p>Cardiogenic shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vital sign abnormality in a neonate might prompt the use of antibiotics like ampicillin and gentamycin?

    <p>Low body temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best induction agent for a patient requiring endotracheal intubation with hyperinflated lungs and flattened diaphragm?

    <p>Ketamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common complication associated with rapid ascent in SCUBA diving?

    <p>Decompression sickness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sign on a chest x-ray would be consistent with a patient having experienced a shearing force injury to the ligamentum arteriosum?

    <p>Widened mediastinum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended distance to maintain between the flight suit and the crew member's skin as per CAMTS regulations?

    <p>1/4 inch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be the primary consideration when administering ACLS drugs?

    <p>Administering at longer intervals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What complication is a patient with an elevated alkaline phosphatase most at risk for?

    <p>Coagulopathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most effective method for managing blood pressure in a patient with persistent hypertension after a large subarachnoid hemorrhage?

    <p>Using nicardipine to achieve a systolic BP of 160 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to evidence-based research, which initial intubation strategy has the highest first-pass success rate?

    <p>Video laryngoscopy and bougie for all intubations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When a ventilator is set to CMV: Vt 500, f 20, FiO2 1.0, and PEEP 5, what is the delivered minute volume?

    <p>10 L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During an aircraft's sudden cabin depressurization, what stage of hypoxia is the pilot likely experiencing when they are unresponsive to coherent conversation?

    <p>Disturbance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In pediatric patients, what is recognized as the narrowest part of the airway?

    <p>Cricoid ring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are patients suffering from salt vs. fresh water drowning treated according to current evidence-based strategies?

    <p>They are treated the same regardless of drowning type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct amount of IV fluid a 30-pound child with extensive burns should receive in the first 8 hours?

    <p>1785 mL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected hemoglobin and hematocrit levels after administering two units of low-titer O whole blood to a patient with a hemoglobin of 5.8 g/dL?

    <p>Hgb 7.8 g/dL, Hct 34%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which laboratory finding may indicate the need for further evaluation after a chest x-ray?

    <p>ALT 335</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What principle is central to effective communication in crew resource management?

    <p>Any crew member can voice safety concerns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What frequency does an emergency locator transmitter (ELT) transmit on?

    <p>406 mHz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended intervention for a patient experiencing seizures after prolonged sauna exposure?

    <p>Administration of hypertonic saline in small aliquots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a neonate showing hypothermia, which antibiotics might be warranted?

    <p>Ampicillin and Gentamicin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hemodynamic treatment might be necessary for a patient with elevated CVP and PAWP?

    <p>Positive inotropy and diuretics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For a SCUBA diver with joint pain after rapid ascent, which gas law explains this phenomenon?

    <p>Henry's Law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What additional management is likely necessary for a patient with a black widow bite?

    <p>Antihypertensive therapy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended initial approach for managing a patient's blood pressure after a subarachnoid hemorrhage?

    <p>Nicardipine to titrate a systolic BP of 160 mmHg.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In pediatric airway anatomy, which area is considered to be the narrowest?

    <p>Cricoid ring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ventilator setting would yield a delivered minute volume of 10 L?

    <p>CMV: Vt 500, f 20.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What intubation strategy has been shown to improve first-pass success rates?

    <p>Video laryngoscopy and bougie on all intubations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological response is expected in a pilot experiencing disturbance during an in-flight emergency?

    <p>Inability to engage in coherent conversation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment option is recommended for patients experiencing salt vs. fresh water drowning?

    <p>They are treated the same.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of assessing a patient with a lower GI bleed, which medication is contraindicated if the patient has low blood pressure and spasms?

    <p>Nitroglycerin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which intervention should be considered after administering a paralytic agent?

    <p>Administer 5 mcg of push-dose epinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most appropriate next step for a patient presenting with syncope and hypotension during transport?

    <p>Initiate IV fluid resuscitation immediately</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is indicated by a newborn with a low APGAR score and ineffective respiratory effort?

    <p>Need for positive pressure ventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a patient with a high blood glucose level and elevated creatinine but low potassium, what condition might they have?

    <p>Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome (HHNK)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which laboratory value is most indicative of congestive heart failure?

    <p>Elevated Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom might suggest stagnant hypoxia in a patient with tissue hypoxia due to sepsis?

    <p>Cold sweat and pallor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be an immediate action for a patient with severe hyperkalemia and bradycardia?

    <p>Administer calcium gluconate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which situation exemplifies the effects of Boyle's Law during flight?

    <p>A passenger feels severe cramping and bloating upon descent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most appropriate first intervention for a child showing signs of anaphylaxis after a sting?

    <p>Administer 0.01 mg/kg epinephrine 1:1,000 IM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which clinical finding is most indicative of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?

    <p>Ground glass opacities on imaging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason a pediatric patient may tolerate hypercarbia better than an adult?

    <p>Children's respiratory drive is less sensitive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the case of a 2-year-old child who remains cold and pulseless after near drowning, which aspect of physiology is most relevant?

    <p>Hypothermia allows for a prolonged resuscitation window</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the immediate pharmacologic priority for a patient with a Type A aortic dissection?

    <p>Reduce blood pressure quickly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an arterial blood gas with a pH of 7.36 indicate?

    <p>This suggests respiratory acidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of a burn assessment would require immediate fluid resuscitation for a young child?

    <p>Third-degree burns covering more than 20% of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In managing a patient with cardiovascular instability and severe hypertension, what is the most responsible initial action?

    <p>Implement immediate blood pressure control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of hypoxia is addressed by administering a cyanokit to a patient with suspected cyanide toxicity?

    <p>Histotoxic hypoxia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cardiac condition in neonates is indicative of mixing oxygenated and deoxygenated blood?

    <p>Atrial septal defect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During a flick test, how many oscillations should occur before the waveform normalizes?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action does the intra-aortic balloon pump perform during systole?

    <p>Deflates, reduces afterload</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the time frame called between the interruption of oxygen and when a pilot is unable to perform flying duties?

    <p>Time of Useful Consciousness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the likely diagnosis for a patient with small punctate areas of hemorrhage after a high-speed motor vehicle accident?

    <p>Diffuse axonal injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ventilator setting should be avoided in a patient who is pharmacologically paralyzed?

    <p>Pressure support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the case of a patient with septic shock, what is the predominant acid-base disturbance likely to be seen?

    <p>Metabolic acidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition might be primarily indicated by an elevated alkaline phosphatase level?

    <p>Bone disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most effective medication strategy for rapidly controlling blood pressure in a patient with a large subarachnoid hemorrhage?

    <p>Nicardipine with a target systolic BP of 160 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best intubation strategy to ensure a high first-pass success rate?

    <p>Video laryngoscopy and bougie for all intubations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would the expected hemoglobin and hematocrit levels be after two units of low-titer O whole blood in a patient with initially low levels?

    <p>Hgb 7.8 g/dL, Hct 34%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the case of hypoxia during flight, what stage could result in a pilot being unable to control the aircraft coherently?

    <p>Disturbance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is associated with mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in neonates?

    <p>Transposition of the great vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the narrowest part of the pediatric airway that is important to consider during intubation?

    <p>Cricoid ring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What immediate treatment would be appropriate for managing tachycardia and dysynchronous breathing in a patient on a propofol drip?

    <p>Administer a benzodiazepine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential effect of hypercarbia in pediatric patients?

    <p>Increased heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the consensus formula, how is fluid calculated for burns?

    <p>Weight in kg multiplied by 4 mL per kg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a chest x-ray showing hyperinflated lungs and a flattened diaphragm indicate?

    <p>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical frequency for the Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT)?

    <p>406.0 mHz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following findings may lead to the administration of ampicillin and gentamycin in a neonate?

    <p>Hypothermia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an effective management strategy for a patient suffering severe joint pain after rapid ascent while SCUBA diving?

    <p>Administration of hyperbaric oxygen therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common hemodynamic management goal for a patient with a cardiac output of 6.5?

    <p>Decrease systemic vascular resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which induction agent is often preferred for patients experiencing respiratory distress and intubation requirements?

    <p>Ketamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Crew Resource Management (CRM)

    • Any crew member, regardless of discipline, has the right to voice safety concerns. This demonstrates effective CRM.

    Hemorrhagic Pancreatitis

    • A 39-year-old male presented with abdominal pain and vomiting for 24 hours.
    • The patient has abnormal labs including a WBC count of 17.5, hemoglobin of 7.9, calcium of 6, amylase of 520, and lipase of 644.
    • The patient also has bruising around the umbilicus.
    • These findings are suggestive of hemorrhagic pancreatitis.

    Scene Safety

    • State troopers should be requested to set up with lights flashing 500 yards in each direction on the highway to alert oncoming traffic.

    Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

    • A family of four presented with sudden onset headache, nausea/vomiting, and altered mental status in two children.
    • The family was decorating the Christmas tree when symptoms started.
    • Carbon monoxide poisoning is a likely cause.

    Right Ventricular Infarct

    • A 56-year-old male presents with syncope.
    • Vital signs: HR 60, BP 74/50, R 22, SpO2 94%.
    • In addition to the findings on the 12-lead EKG, right ventricular infarct is a possible diagnosis.

    IV Fluid Bolus

    • IV fluid bolus is a mainstay of treatment for patients with syncope and hemodynamic instability.

    Paralytic Agent Reduction

    • A patient receiving blood products developed hand spasms after inflating the blood pressure cuff.
    • This may be related to a possible reaction to the paralytic agent.
    • Consider reducing the dose of the paralytic agent.

    Rapid Sequence Intubation

    • A 23-year-old male was gored by a bull and requires rapid sequence intubation.
    • Vital signs: P 144, R 32, BP 100/54, SpO2 97%.
    • The estimated tidal volume for this patient is 1785 mL.

    Liver Function Test

    • The chest x-ray findings are suggestive of liver dysfunction.
    • An ALT of 335 supports this diagnosis.

    ELT Transmission

    • The ELT transmits on 406 mHz.

    Hypertonic Saline

    • An elderly male was found unresponsive in a sauna.
    • He has received keppra, midazolam, and fluids but has not stopped seizing.
    • Vital signs: P 154, R 24, BP 94/50, SpO2 96%.
    • Labs: Na 110, Cl 95, BUN 34, Crt 2.0, K 3.4, HCO3 24, Glu 78.
    • This patient requires administration of a hypertonic normal saline solution in aliquots of 100 mL until seizure activity stops.

    Neonatal Ampicillin and Gentamycin

    • Hypothermia in a neonate may require administration of ampicillin and gentamycin.

    Positive Inotropy and Diuretics

    • Hemodynamic values indicate a CO of 6.5, CVP of 14, PAWP of 21, and SVR of 1200.
    • This patient requires positive inotropy and diuretics.

    Henry's Law

    • A SCUBA diver who experiences severe joint pain upon rapid ascent to the surface is an example of Henry's Law.

    ACLS Drug Administration

    • Treatment considerations for a SCUBA diver with severe joint pain after rapid ascent include administering ACLS drugs at longer intervals.

    Widened Mediastinum

    • A shearing force applied to the ligamentum arteriosum can result in a widened mediastinum on chest x-ray.

    Ketamine Intubation

    • A patient with respiratory distress refractory to oxygen and medications requires intubation.
    • Chest x-ray shows hyperinflated lungs and a flattened diaphragm.
    • Ketamine is the best induction agent for this patient.

    Antihypertensive Therapy

    • In addition to supportive care, seizure cessation, and pain management, patients with a black widow bite may require antihypertensive therapy.

    Space between Flight Suit and Skin

    • CAMTS regulations require 1/4 inch of space between the flight suit and the crew member's skin.

    Ear-to-Sternal Notch

    • The optimal positioning of the patient who will be endotracheally intubated is ear-to-sternal notch.

    Elevated Alkaline Phosphatase

    • An elevated alkaline phosphatase can put a patient at risk of coagulopathy.

    Nicardipine for Hypertension

    • A patient with a large subarachnoid hemorrhage requires blood pressure management.
    • Vital signs: P44, R16 (vent), BP 220/116, SpO2 99%.
    • Nicardipine is the best approach to manage the patient's blood pressure to a systolic BP of 160 mmHg.

    Video Laryngoscopy and Bougie

    • Video laryngoscopy and bougie on all intubations maximizes first-pass success rate according to current evidence-based research.

    Ventilator Minute Volume

    • The ventilator is set to CMV: Vt 500, f 20, FiO2 1.0, PEEP 5.
    • The delivered minute volume is 10 L.

    Disturbance Stage of Hypoxia

    • The aircraft experienced a sudden cabin depressurization at 26,000 MSL.
    • The pilot was unable to engage in a coherent conversation or use the aircraft controls but remained conscious and responsive.
    • The pilot was experiencing the disturbance stage of hypoxia.

    Cricoid Ring

    • The narrowest part of the pediatric airway is the cricoid ring.

    Salt vs. Fresh Water Drowning

    • Salt and fresh water drowning patients are treated the same.

    Benzodiazepine Administration

    • A patient with extensive lower extremity trauma became tachycardic and dysynchronous with the ventilator, and began to reach for her ET tube.
    • Administering a benzodiazepine will best address this patient's response.

    Hemoglobin and Hematocrit after Blood Transfusion

    • A 72-year-old male with a lower GI bleed received two units of O whole blood.
    • His initial hemoglobin was 5.8 g/dL and hematocrit was 28%.
    • After the transfusion, you would expect his hemoglobin to be 7.8 g/dL and hematocrit to be 34%.

    Cyanokit for Cyanide Toxicity

    • A cyanokit is administered to patients with suspected cyanide toxicity to reverse histotoxic hypoxia.

    Flicker Vertigo

    • Flicker vertigo is usually described as "annoying" but may result in severe spatial disorientation. It can be particularly problematic on sunny days or during night operations.

    Steeple Sign

    • An 18-month-old patient presents with a seal-bark cough, low-grade fever, and dyspnea.
    • X-ray of the neck will show a steeple sign.

    McIntosh Blade Placement

    • The tip of the McIntosh blade is inserted into the vallecula during endotracheal intubation.

    Fetal Acidosis

    • The fetal heart tracing indicates a fetus that is most likely acidotic.

    Increased ICP

    • The neuro ICU patient's ICP waveform indicates increased intracranial pressure.

    Pediatric Airway Considerations

    • Children have smaller airways than adults.

    Midazolam for Status Epilepticus

    • Midazolam is a first-line drug for status epilepticus.

    Night Vision Goggles and Depth Perception

    • Night vision goggles can cause a lack of depth perception.

    Pedestrian MVA Considerations

    • Children involved in pedestrian MVAs often stop and turn to face the oncoming vehicle.

    Placental Insufficiency

    • The fetal heart tracing and tocometer tracing indicate placental insufficiency.

    Compensated Metabolic Acidosis

    • The arterial blood gas results for the patient are pH 7.36, PO2 84, CO2 44, HCO3 24.
    • This indicates compensated metabolic acidosis.

    Mammalian Diving Reflex

    • The child who was pulled from the water is dead as the environment is not arctic or near-arctic. The mammalian diving reflex does not provide any benefit unless the environment is arctic or near-arctic.

    Pericardiocentesis

    • This patient may require pericardiocentesis as a life-saving procedure.

    Ground Glass Opacities

    • Ground glass opacities on a chest x-ray are a radiologic finding that indicates acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

    Tearing Back Pain and Type A Aortic Dissection

    • A patient presenting with tearing back pain rated 10/10 is suggestive of a Type A aortic dissection.

    Epinephrine Administration

    • Administer 5 mcg of push-dose epinephrine after the paralytic agent is administered

    Placenta Previa

    • Patient is a 30 year old female, 34 weeks gestation.
    • Patient is G3, P2.
    • Presents with syncope, pallor, lethargy.
    • No palpable radial pulses.
    • GCS 15.
    • Vital signs: P 134, RR 30, BP 92/46, SpO2 99%.
    • Hgb is 5.7.
    • Denies pain.
    • Pt shifts on the stretcher during the transport and you notice a puddle of bright red blood.

    Congestive Heart Failure

    • Brain natriuretic peptide is a diagnostic lab value for congestive heart failure.

    Hyperkalemia

    • Patient is a 74 year old male who was found down by a BLS crew after falling 48 hours ago.
    • Patient has a wide QRS complex on the 12 lead and is bradycardic.
    • Labs: pH 7.20, Na+ 131, K+ 6.8, Glu 232, Creat 3.8, and Lactate 8.7.
    • Priority intervention is administration of calcium gluconate at the level of the tragus of the patient's ear.

    Mesenteric Ischemia

    • Patient is post extensive bowel resection.
    • Patient is intubated, pale, and diaphoretic.
    • Vital signs: P48, R24, BP 64/45, SpO2 94%.
    • Vent settings: Pressure Support 15, PEEP 5, f20, FiO2 0.4.
    • Most recent basic metabolic panel: Na 135, Cl 100, BUN 29, Crt 1.8, K 7.6, HCO3 22, Glu 211.
    • Immediate intervention is administration of IV calcium chloride.

    Boyle's Law & Altitude Effects

    • Passenger experiences severe cramping and bloating upon descent to the airport.

    Sepsis & Tissue Hypoxia

    • Patient with tissue hypoxia due to sepsis is experiencing stagnant hypoxia.

    Newborn APGAR Score & Ventilation

    • Newborn has an initial APGAR score of 4.
    • HR is 118.
    • Respiratory effort is present but ineffective.
    • Requires positive pressure ventilation.

    HHNK

    • Patient presents with depressed mental status (responsive to pain only).
    • Respirations appear non-labored.
    • Capillary blood glucose reading reads "High" (above 700 mg/dL).
    • Basic metabolic panel: Na 134, Cl 96, BUN 30, Crt 2.4, K 2.8, Glu 1148.
    • Anion gap is 9.
    • Patient has HHNK.

    Bee Sting Anaphylaxis

    • 5 year old was stung by a bee with no past history of allergic reactions.
    • No immediate reaction.
    • Two hours post-sting, patient has repeated episodes of vomiting and diarrhea.
    • Awake, irritable, no respiratory distress.
    • Lungs are clear.
    • Hives on torso, no angioedema, no sore throat or tightness.
    • Vital signs: P 131, R 26, BP 88/50, SpO2 100%.
    • First intervention is administering 0.01 mg/kg epinephrine 1:1,000 IM for suspected anaphylaxis.

    Fetal Heart Rate Tracing & Placental Insufficiency

    • The FHT and tocometer tracing indicate placental insufficiency.

    Normal ABG

    • pH 7.36, PO2 84, CO2 44, HCO3 24

    Mammalian Diving Reflex

    • Child is blue, pulseless, and apneic.
    • Remains persistently asystolic and tangibly cold to the touch.
    • Ambient temperature is 86 F.
    • Water temp is 62F.
    • The mammalian diving reflex does not provide any benefit unless the environment is arctic or near-arctic.
    • The child is dead.

    Pericardiocentesis

    • This patient may require pericardiocentesis.

    ARDS & Radiologic Findings

    • Ground glass opacities on radiologic imaging indicate acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

    Type A Aortic Dissection & Blood Pressure Management

    • Transporting patient with Type A aortic dissection to a tertiary care center for emergent cardiac surgery evaluation.
    • Patient presents with tearing back pain (10/10).
    • Vital signs: HR 110, R 24, BP 204/98, SpO2 98%.
    • 12-lead EKG shows sinus tachycardia with ST depressions in V4, V5, and V6.
    • First priority is pharmacologic management of blood pressure reduction.

    Pediatric Hypercarbia Tolerance

    • Pediatric patients generally tolerate hypercarbia well.

    Burn Injury & IV Fluid Calculation

    • 30 pound 3 year old rescued from a house fire.
    • 3rd-degree burns over anterior and posterior thorax, anterior surfaces of both legs and arms.
    • Using the consensus formula, the patient should receive 1785 mL of IV fluid in the first 8 hours post burn injury.

    Elevated Alkaline Phosphatase & Coagulopathy

    • Elevated alkaline phosphatase places the patient at risk of coagulopathy.

    Subarachnoid Hemorrhage & Blood Pressure Management

    • Patient with large subarachnoid hemorrhage.
    • Intubated, sedated, and analgesed.
    • Patient remains persistently hypertensive.
    • Vital signs: P44, R16(vent), BP 220/116, SpO2 99%.
    • Best approach to managing the patient's blood pressure is nicardipine to triate a systolic BP of 160 mmHg.

    Initial Intubation Strategy

    • Video laryngoscopy and bougie on all intubations maximizes first-pass success rate.

    Ventilator Minute Volume Calculation

    • CMV: Vt 500, f 20, FiO2 1.0, PEEP 5.
    • Delivered minute volume is 10 L

    Stages of Hypoxia & Time of Useful Consciousness

    • Aircraft at 26,000 MSL experiences sudden cabin depressurization.
    • Co-pilot rapidly descends the aircraft because the pilot, while conscious and responsive, was unable to engage in a coherent conversation or use the aircraft controls.
    • The pilot was experiencing the disturbance stage of hypoxia.
    • The time between the interruption of oxygen and the time a pilot is unable to perform flying duties is the Time of Useful Consciousness.

    Pediatric Airway Narrowest Point

    • The narrowest part of the pediatric airway is the cricoid ring.

    Salt vs. Fresh Water Drowning

    • Both types of drowning patients are treated the same.

    Ventilated Patient Management & Benzodiazepines

    • Transporting patient with extensive lower extremity trauma, intubated, and pharmacologically paralyzed.
    • Vent settings: Assist Control, Vt 400, f 18, FiO2 0.8, PEEP 5 receiving continuous propofol drip at 20 mcg/kg/min.
    • During transport, patient becomes tachycardic, dysynchronous with the ventilator, and begins to reach for her ET tube.
    • Best approach to address this response is administering a benzodiazepine.

    Low-Titer O Whole Blood Infusion & Hemoglobin/Hematocrit

    • Infusing a unit of low-titer O whole blood into a 72 year old male with a lower GI bleed.
    • Patient's hemoglobin is 5.8 g/dL and hematocrit is 28%.
    • After administration of two unit, expect repeat hemoglobin to be approximately 7.8 g/dL and hematocrit to be approximately 34%.

    Cyanokit & Histotoxic Hypoxia

    • Cyanokit is administered to a patient with suspected cyanide toxicity to reverse histotoxic hypoxia.

    Neonatal Cardiac Conditions - Mixing Oxygenated and Deoxygenated Blood

    • Atrial-septal defect is a neonatal cardiac condition that causes mixing of oxygen and deoxygenated blood.

    Flick Test Oscillations

    • There should be 3 oscillations before the waveform returns to normal.

    Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump

    • The intra-aortic balloon pump deflates during systole, which reduces afterload.

    Air Taxi Regulations

    • "Air taxi," or flying passengers for a fee, is governed by FAR Part 135.

    Partially Compensated Respiratory Acidosis

    • Patient's ABG: pH 7.38, PO2 90, PCO2 58, HCO3 22
    • This indicates partially compensated respiratory acidosis.

    Diffuse Axonal Injury

    • Unrestrained driver ejected in a high-speed MVA.
    • Presents with a GCS of 5.
    • Initial CT scan is negative for abnormality.
    • CT performed 24 hours later showed small punctuate areas of hemorrhage.
    • Diagnosis is diffuse axonal injury.

    Ventilator Plateau Pressure & Tidal Volume

    • Ventilated patient.
    • Sedated, analgesed, and pharmacologically paralyzed.
    • Vent settings: volume assist control, Vt 520, f 18, FiO2 0.8, PEEP 8.
    • Inspiratory hold maneuver obtains a plateau pressure of 42.
    • Decrease the tidal volume.

    Septic Shock & Acid-Base Disturbance

    • Predominant acid-base disturbance in the patient with septic shock is metabolic acidosis.

    Meconium Aspiration & Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension

    • Frequent complication of meconium aspiration is the development of persistent pulmonary hypertension.

    Pulmonary Edema Symptoms

    • 62 year old female who is 1-week post stenting for an acute infarction of her RCA.
    • Acute onset of chest pain and dyspnea with a productive cough with pink frothy sputum.
    • Exhibits symptoms of pulmonary edema.

    Large Central Line - Cordis

    • A large central line that may be used to infuse fluids or to insert wires or other catheters is a Cordis.

    Ventilator Settings & Pharmacologically Paralyzed Patients

    • Pressure support should NOT be employed on a patient who is pharmacologically paralyzed.

    McRoberts Maneuver

    • Pressing a patient's legs to her abdomen when shoulder dystocia is experienced during delivery is known as the McRoberts Maneuver.

    Reducing Dose of Paralytic Agent

    • Patient with vital signs: HR 110, R 24, BP 160/94, SpO2 98%.
    • Patient is receiving a continuous propofol drip at 20 mcg/kg/min.
    • Shows slight twitching in her left bicep in response to a peripheral nerve stimulation.
    • The appropriate action is to reduce the dose of the paralytic agent.

    Pediatric Hypercarbia Tolerance

    • Pediatric patients generally tolerate hypercarbia very well.

    Burn Injury & IV Fluid Calculation

    • 30 pound 3 year old rescued from a house fire.
    • 3rd-degree burns over anterior and posterior thorax, anterior surfaces of both legs and arms.
    • Using the consensus formula, the patient should receive 1785 mL of IV fluid in the first 8 hours post burn injury.

    Elevated Liver Enzymes & Chest X-Ray

    • ALT 335 corresponds with the findings on the chest x-ray.

    Crew Resource Management Tenent

    • Any crew member, regardless of discipline, has the right to voice safety concerns.

    ELT Transmission Frequency

    • The ELT transmits on 406 mHz.

    Heat Stroke & Hypertonic Saline

    • Elderly male found unresponsive and with seizure activity in a sauna.
    • May have been in the sauna for up to two hours.
    • Received keppra, two doses of midazolam, and 2 L of 0.9% normal saline but seizure activity has not abated.
    • Vital signs: P 154, R 24, BP 100/54, SpO2 97%.
    • Administration of a hypertonic normal saline solution in 100 mL aliquots until seizure activity stops.

    Neonatal Findings Requiring Antibiotics

    • Hypothermia in a neonate may require the administration of ampicillin and gentamycin.

    Hemodynamic Values & Treatment

    • CO 6.5, CVP 14, PAWP 21, SVR 1200.
    • This patient requires positive inotropy and diuretics.

    Henry's Law & SCUBA Diving

    • SCUBA diver experiences severe joint pain upon rapid ascent to the surface.
    • This phenomenon is an example of Henry's Law.

    ACLS Drug Administration Interval Adjustment

    • Treatment consideration with this patient is administering ACLS drugs at longer intervals.

    Shearing Force Injury & Widened Mediastinum

    • Patient with a shearing force applied to the ligamentum arteriosum may exhibit a widened mediastinum on chest x-ray.

    Ketamine for Intubation in Respiratory Distress

    • Patient with difficulty breathing refractory to oxygen and pharmacologic administration requires endotracheal intubation.
    • Chest x-ray shows hyperinflated lungs and a flattened diaphragm.
    • Ketamine would be the best induction agent for this patient.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    FMP 2023 Quiz Questions PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on various medical emergencies including hemorrhagic pancreatitis, carbon monoxide poisoning, and scene safety protocols. This quiz covers patient presentations and effective crew resource management in emergency situations. Gain insights into recognizing critical conditions and ensuring safety.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser