Emergency Medicine and Physician Assistants
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a patient who is considered 'sick' in the emergency department?

  • Lethargy
  • Minor wounds (correct)
  • Changes in vital signs
  • Objective evidence of illness

    • What is the main purpose of the Fast Track in the emergency department?

  • To provide advanced care
  • To administer IV medications
  • To treat patients with minor wounds (correct)
  • To monitor patients' vital signs

    • Which of the following patient groups is NOT considered special in the emergency department?

  • The very old
  • The very young
  • The difficult (correct)
  • Pregnant

    • What is the role of EMS reports in emergency care?

    <p>To provide information about the scene of the emergency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When did the concept of emergency departments start to emerge?

    <p>In the 1960s-1970s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a patient who is considered 'sick' in the emergency department?

    <p>Normal breathing pattern</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the Fast Track in the emergency department?

    <p>To assess and treat patients with minor wounds or injuries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following patient groups is considered special in the emergency department?

    <p>Non-English speaking individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a typical symptom of cardiac chest pain?

    <p>Associated symptoms - n/v, SOB, diaphoresis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which patient group is most likely to present with atypical symptoms of cardiac chest pain?

    <p>Women</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a life-threatening cause of chest pain in the emergency department?

    <p>Myocarditis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for acute coronary syndrome?

    <p>Young age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an indication for non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV)?

    <p>Pulmonary edema/CHF</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which oxygen therapy option is appropriate for a patient with moderate to severe distress and a significant oxygen requirement?

    <p>Non-rebreather mask</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of pulse oximetry in the evaluation of a patient's respiratory status?

    <p>To assess arterial oxygen saturation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a differential diagnosis of respiratory distress?

    <p>Gastrointestinal problem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is commonly used for moderate pain in the emergency department?

    <p>Vicodin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum number of Vicodin/Norco pills that should be prescribed for a patient in the emergency department for a duration of 3 days?

    <p>8-10 pills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is less potent than Vicodin/Norco?

    <p>Tylenol with Codeine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended dose of Lorazepam for anxiety in the emergency department?

    <p>0.5-1 mg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a symptom of endocarditis?

    <p>Weight loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the most common pathogen causing community-acquired endocarditis?

    <p>Streptococcus species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a cause of pericarditis?

    <p>Hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common finding on EKG in pericarditis?

    <p>ST elevation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the ABCDE components of initial assessment in emergency care?

    <p>Disability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following signs or symptoms is NOT associated with airway obstruction?

    <p>Tachypnea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a sign or symptom associated with impaired breathing?

    <p>Unequal chest expansion or breath sounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a sign or symptom associated with impaired circulation?

    <p>Arrhythmia (Brady or Tachy)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is the most common cause of airway obstruction in a patient?

    <p>Relaxation of the tongue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what are the red flags indicating that an airway is at risk or needs protection?

    <p>Stridor during expiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what are the actions recommended to relieve or prevent airway obstruction in a choking patient?

    <p>Perform the Heimlich maneuver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what are the indications for endotracheal intubation?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the ABCDE components of initial assessment in emergency care?

    <p>Disability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a sign or symptom associated with impaired breathing?

    <p>Pulse ox</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a life-threatening cause of chest pain in the emergency department?

    <p>Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a special group of patients considered in the emergency department?

    <p>Patients with minor wounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the Fast Track in the emergency department?

    <p>To provide quick care to patients with minor wounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for acute coronary syndrome?

    <p>High HDL cholesterol levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of a patient who is considered 'sick' in the emergency department?

    <p>Lethargy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a symptom of endocarditis?

    <p>Weight gain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the most common pathogen causing community-acquired endocarditis?

    <p>Streptococcus species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a cause of pericarditis?

    <p>Hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the recommended route of administration for opiates in the emergency department?

    <p>Intravenous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is commonly used for moderate pain in the emergency department?

    <p>Oxycodone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended dose of Lorazepam for anxiety in the emergency department?

    <p>0.5-1 mg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which patient group is most likely to present with atypical symptoms of cardiac chest pain?

    <p>Elderly patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of pulse oximetry in the evaluation of a patient's respiratory status?

    <p>To assess oxygen saturation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the most common cause of acute coronary syndrome?

    <p>Myocardial infarction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for acute coronary syndrome?

    <p>Anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an indication for thrombolytic therapy in the management of acute myocardial infarction?

    <p>ST-segment elevation on EKG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common finding on EKG in pericarditis?

    <p>T-wave inversion in all leads</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an indication for non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV)?

    <p>Severe asthma exacerbation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a patient who is considered 'sick' in the emergency department?

    <p>Normal respiratory rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of pulse oximetry in the evaluation of a patient's respiratory status?

    <p>To measure arterial oxygen saturation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which oxygen therapy option is appropriate for a patient with moderate to severe distress and a significant oxygen requirement?

    <p>High flow nasal cannula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is the most common cause of airway obstruction in a patient?

    <p>Relaxation of the tongue and submandibular muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what are the actions recommended to relieve or prevent airway obstruction in a choking patient?

    <p>Perform the Heimlich maneuver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the indications for endotracheal intubation according to the text?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the adjuncts to protect the airway prior to intubation and their indications according to the text?

    <p>Pre-intubation suction to clear secretions/blood, nasopharyngeal airway for semi-conscious patients with gag reflex, oropharyngeal airway for unconscious, unarousable patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Emergency Department Characteristics

    • A patient who is considered 'sick' in the emergency department typically has a life-threatening condition or potential for rapid deterioration.
    • Patients who are considered 'special' in the emergency department include pediatrics, geriatrics, and pregnant patients.

    Fast Track

    • The main purpose of the Fast Track in the emergency department is to provide rapid evaluation and treatment for non-critical patients.

    Emergency Care

    • EMS reports play a crucial role in emergency care by providing valuable information about the patient's condition and treatment.
    • The concept of emergency departments started to emerge in the 1960s.

    Cardiac Chest Pain

    • Typical symptoms of cardiac chest pain include chest tightness, pressure, or heaviness, often radiating to the arm, neck, or jaw.
    • Atypical symptoms are more common in older adults, women, and patients with diabetes.
    • The most common cause of acute coronary syndrome is atherosclerosis.
    • Risk factors for acute coronary syndrome include hypertension, smoking, and hyperlipidemia.

    Respiratory Distress

    • Pulse oximetry is used to evaluate a patient's respiratory status and detect hypoxia.
    • Oxygen therapy options include nasal cannula, non-rebreather mask, and Venturi mask.
    • Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) is indicated for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or congestive heart failure (CHF).

    Pain Management

    • Medications commonly used for pain management in the emergency department include Vicodin/Norco and Lorazepam.
    • The recommended dose of Lorazepam for anxiety is 1-2 mg.

    Endocarditis and Pericarditis

    • Symptoms of endocarditis include fever, chills, and heart murmurs.
    • The most common pathogen causing community-acquired endocarditis is Staphylococcus aureus.
    • Causes of pericarditis include viral infection, malignancy, and autoimmune disorders.
    • A common finding on EKG in pericarditis is diffuse ST segment elevation.

    Airway Obstruction

    • The most common cause of airway obstruction is a foreign body aspiration.
    • Red flags indicating that an airway is at risk or needs protection include stridor, hoarseness, and drooling.
    • Actions recommended to relieve or prevent airway obstruction in a choking patient include back blows and chest compressions.
    • Indications for endotracheal intubation include respiratory failure, cardiac arrest, and severe head injury.

    ABCDE Components

    • The ABCDE components of initial assessment in emergency care are airway, breathing, circulation, disability, and exposure.
    • Signs or symptoms associated with airway obstruction include stridor, hoarseness, and drooling.
    • Signs or symptoms associated with impaired breathing include tachypnea, wheezing, and use of accessory muscles.
    • Signs or symptoms associated with impaired circulation include tachycardia, hypotension, and pale or cool skin.

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    Emergency Medicine Section 1 Objectives PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the history of emergency medicine and the role of physician assistants in this specialty. Learn about the importance of EMS reports in patient care and the different types of emergency departments. Explore concepts like fast track and main ED.

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