Emergency Medicine Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which medication is used to reverse opiate overdose?

  • Atropine
  • Naloxone (correct)
  • Calcium
  • Diphenhydramine

What is a potential symptom of beta blocker toxicity?

  • Hypertension
  • Tachycardia
  • Severe headache
  • Bradycardia (correct)

Which of the following is NOT considered a cause in the assessment of overdose symptoms?

  • Calcium channel blocker overdose
  • Data entry error (correct)
  • Organophosphate toxicity
  • Cyanide exposure

What immediate action should be considered in a patient with suspected poisoning?

<p>Consider vascular access (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the assessment of a patient presenting with dystonic reaction, which medication might be administered?

<p>Diphenhydramine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be monitored as a sign of potential environmental toxin exposure?

<p>Head exam for any visible wounds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In cases of altered mental status, which condition is least likely to cause total unresponsiveness to pain?

<p>Alcohol intoxication (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When suspecting hypoglycemia, what is the recommended initial intervention?

<p>Administer glucose (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors could influence a patient's behavior during a behavioral emergency?

<p>Electrolyte imbalance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the acronym SAFER stand for in the context of patient approach?

<p>Scene safety, Assessment, First aid, Emergency, Recovery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary guideline regarding sedation in law enforcement situations?

<p>Sedation should never be used to control behavior for law enforcement. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should patients be transported in regards to restraint?

<p>Never restrained in the prone position. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What monitoring should be continuously conducted during patient transport?

<p>All available adjuncts including ECG and SpO2. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When can a patient expressing suicidal ideation refuse transport?

<p>They cannot refuse transport if they are a danger to themselves. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment for a dystonic reaction typically caused by certain drugs?

<p>Administer Diphenhydramine 50 mg IM/IV/IO. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the S.A.F.E.R. approach play in emergency situations?

<p>It outlines a method to stabilize and assess the crisis. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if a taser dart needs to be removed?

<p>The responsibility lies with the deploying agency. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical aspect of transporting restrained patients?

<p>Restraints should permit chest wall movement. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary requirement for establishing a patient's status as needing medical evaluation?

<p>The patient must meet at least one specific criteria. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is required for transporting patients with traumatic injuries?

<p>Transporting in accordance with the Trauma Field Triage Criteria Protocol. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which licensed attendant is allowed to perform the most advanced medical steps?

<p>Paramedic Licensed Attendant. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In cases of respiratory distress, what is a critical action that must not be withheld?

<p>Oxygen. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct protocol when a patient's condition exceeds available EMS resources?

<p>Initiate an approved triage methodology. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For which type of patient is telemetry contact required?

<p>Trauma Center patients. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What immediate action should be taken if a patient cannot be adequately ventilated?

<p>Transport to the nearest emergency department. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a pediatric treatment consideration for patients under 12 years of age?

<p>Lower dosage of pain medications. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the Emergency Medical Services Protocol Manual?

<p>To standardize prehospital patient care in Clark County (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated about the protocols outlined in the manual?

<p>They serve as guidelines and do not expand the scope of practice beyond regulations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be prioritized if a prehospital provider receives direction from an on-line medical consultation?

<p>To render care that may not be explicitly listed in the protocols if deemed necessary (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for optimal prehospital care according to the manual?

<p>Patient assessment and medical consultation are both crucial (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the protocol for patient care during transport to a treatment facility?

<p>Patient care should continue while en-route to a definitive facility (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the General Assessment protocol require?

<p>The sequence of assessments must follow specific guidelines (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should providers handle medications not included in the approved formulary?

<p>Administration of such medications is allowed if authorized by a physician (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should not be delayed when managing emergency patients?

<p>Immediate transport to a receiving facility (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does abdominal pain with neuro disorders or signs of hypoperfusion suggest?

<p>An aneurysm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended first action for a patient experiencing anaphylaxis?

<p>Administer epinephrine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be documented prior to administering pain management in a patient with abdominal pain?

<p>Mental status and vital signs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In patients aged 35 years or older with abdominal pain, what should be considered?

<p>Cardiac origin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is administered to patients with allergic reactions and significant symptoms?

<p>Epinephrine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What additional consideration should be made for women of childbearing age presenting with abdominal pain?

<p>Pregnancy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum dosage of diphenhydramine that may be given to a patient?

<p>50 mg (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be assessed every 5 minutes in a patient with an allergic reaction?

<p>Patient condition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a mild immune response to an allergen characterized by?

<p>Hives or local swelling/itching (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

After each fluid bolus in a patient, what action is recommended?

<p>Repeat vital signs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Optimal Prehospital Care

The best patient assessment and emergency medical services before hospital arrival.

Purpose of the Protocol Manual

To provide guidance for prehospital care providers and standardize patient care.

Scope of Practice

The boundaries of services licensed medical attendants can provide.

Protocols

Guidelines that dictate the sequence and type of care delivered.

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General Assessment Protocols

Specific sequences that EMS providers must follow for patient evaluations.

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Patient Transport

Moving patients efficiently to a definitive treatment facility.

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Online Medical Consultation

Real-time guidance from physicians to prehospital providers.

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Patient's Own Medications

Medications a patient can use, not listed in EMS formulary but allowed if directed.

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Patient Definition

An individual showing signs of illness or injury, as specified.

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Pediatric Consideration

Treatment focus for patients under 12 years of age.

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Transport Criteria

Guidelines for transporting patients based on their condition.

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Triage Methodology

A system used when patient needs exceed EMS resources.

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Ventilation Issues

Inability to ventilate requires transport to the nearest emergency department.

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Oxygen Administration

Never withhold oxygen from a patient in respiratory distress.

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Online Medical Control

Contact established by radio for medical guidance.

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Trauma Field Triage Criteria

Protocols for transporting patients with traumatic injuries.

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Sedation for behavior control

Sedation is not to control behavior for law enforcement.

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Transporting restrained patients

Patients must not be transported in prone position or hog-tied.

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Monitoring during transport

Continuously monitor respiratory and hemodynamic status in patients.

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Physical restraints

Restraints should not restrict chest wall movement.

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Suicidal ideation transport

Patients with suicidal thoughts cannot refuse transport.

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Taser dart removal

EMS should not remove taser darts unless necessary for patient care.

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Dystonic Reaction

Involuntary muscle spasms often due to drugs like Haloperidol.

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S.A.F.E.R. approach

Stabilize, Assess, Facilitate, Encourage, Recovery in crisis management.

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Aneurysm signs

Neuro disorders or hypoperfusion in abdominal pain may indicate an aneurysm.

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Vital signs documentation

Document mental status and vital signs before antiemetics and pain management.

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Fluid bolus

Repeat vital signs after each fluid bolus.

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Cardiac assessment for age

Consider cardiac origin for patients ≥35 years old; perform a 12-Lead ECG.

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Retroperitoneal palpation

Consider palpating the retroperitoneal area for kidney pain.

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Abdominal pain in women

Abdominal pain in women of childbearing age should be considered pregnancy until proven otherwise.

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Mild allergic reaction

A mild immune response to an allergen may cause hives or swelling.

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Epinephrine dosage

Administer EPINEPHRINE 1:1000, 0.5 mg IM for severe allergic reactions.

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Diphenhydramine administration

Administer DIPHENHYDRAMINE 50 mg for allergic reactions; may repeat as appropriate.

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Albuterol usage

Administer ALBUTEROL 2.5 mg for bronchospasm, repeat as needed.

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Ventilation Management

Process of ensuring adequate breathing in a patient.

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Vascular Access

Establishing a route to administer fluids or medications.

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Naloxone

Medication used to reverse opioid overdose.

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Atropine

Drug used to treat bradycardia and excessive secretions.

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Head Exam

A careful assessment for signs of head injury.

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AMS signs

Altered Mental Status (AMS) can indicate exposure to toxins or hazards.

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Role of Alcohol

Alcohol can obscure clinical symptoms but not total unresponsiveness.

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Narcotic Overdose Response

Administer 0.4-2mg Narcan for suspected narcotic overdose.

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Behavioral Emergency Causes

Consider medical issues like hypoxia and head injuries in emergencies.

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Study Notes

Clark County EMS System Emergency Medical Care Protocols

  • Effective Date: January 6, 2025
  • This document replaces the July 1, 2024 version.
  • Address: PO BOX 3902 – LAS VEGAS, NV 89127

Table of Contents

  • This section lists all topics and their corresponding page numbers within the document (adult treatment protocols, pediatric treatment protocols, operations protocols, procedures protocols, and formularies).

Adult Treatment Protocols

  • General Adult Assessment (page 11) detailed steps for evaluating patients on scene
  • General Adult Trauma Assessment (page 13) provides a step-by-step approach for assessing trauma patients
  • Abdominal Pain/Flank Pain, Nausea & Vomiting (page 15) describes protocols for patients with these issues
  • Allergic Reaction (page 17) outlines protocols for managing patients with allergic reactions
  • Altered Mental Status/Syncope (page 19) is a protocol for patients in altered mental status or syncopal episodes
  •  And many others covering various medical conditions.

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