Podcast
Questions and Answers
Who discovered insulin in 1921?
Who discovered insulin in 1921?
What condition did Alois Alzheimer identify in 1901?
What condition did Alois Alzheimer identify in 1901?
Who invented the first practical electrocardiogram (ECG)?
Who invented the first practical electrocardiogram (ECG)?
What was Paul Ehrlich’s significant contribution to chemotherapy in 1907?
What was Paul Ehrlich’s significant contribution to chemotherapy in 1907?
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What is Plummer-Vinson syndrome characterized by?
What is Plummer-Vinson syndrome characterized by?
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Who performed the first spinal tumor removal in 1887?
Who performed the first spinal tumor removal in 1887?
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What technique did Fidel Pagés Miravé develop in 1921?
What technique did Fidel Pagés Miravé develop in 1921?
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Who discovered electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in 1938?
Who discovered electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in 1938?
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Who invented acetaminophen (Tylenol), and in what year?
Who invented acetaminophen (Tylenol), and in what year?
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What significant contribution did Daniel Darrow make to pediatric medicine in 1949?
What significant contribution did Daniel Darrow make to pediatric medicine in 1949?
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Who developed the first polio vaccine and in what year?
Who developed the first polio vaccine and in what year?
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What major heart surgery invention did John Gibbon create in 1953?
What major heart surgery invention did John Gibbon create in 1953?
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Who performed the first human-to-human heart transplant and in what year?
Who performed the first human-to-human heart transplant and in what year?
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What was the major achievement of Kary Mullis in 1985 related to DNA technology?
What was the major achievement of Kary Mullis in 1985 related to DNA technology?
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What antidepressant did Eli Lilly launch in 1986?
What antidepressant did Eli Lilly launch in 1986?
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Who derived the first human embryonic stem cell line and in what year?
Who derived the first human embryonic stem cell line and in what year?
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Study Notes
Medical Discoveries and Innovations
- Blood Types: Karl Landsteiner identified different blood types in 1901.
- Alzheimer's Disease: Alois Alzheimer identified presenile dementia (Alzheimer's disease) in 1901.
- Electrocardiogram (ECG): Willem Einthoven invented the first practical ECG in 1903.
- Vitamins: Frederick Hopkins discovered vitamins and their role in diseases like scurvy and rickets in 1906.
- Chemotherapy: Paul Ehrlich developed a cure for sleeping sickness and discovered arsphenamine, a treatment for syphilis, in 1907.
- Plummer-Vinson Syndrome: Henry Stanley Plummer and Porter Paisley Vinson identified the condition characterized by difficulty swallowing and esophageal webs.
- Spinal Surgery & Thyroid: Sir Victor Horsley performed the first spinal tumor removal and pioneered thyroid studies in 1887.
- Intrauterine Device: Richard Richter described the first intrauterine device in 1909.
- Thoracoscopy/Laparoscopy: Hans Christian Jacobaeus pioneered thoracoscopic and laparoscopic diagnosis in 1910.
- Malaria Therapy: Julius Wagner-Jauregg used malaria as a therapeutic treatment for dementia paralytica in 1917.
Insulin and Vaccines
- Insulin Discovery: Sir Frederick Banting and Charles Herbert Best discovered insulin in 1921.
- Epidural Anesthesia: Fidel Pagés Miravé developed epidural anesthesia in 1921.
- Early Vaccines (1923-1927): Diphtheria (1923), pertussis (1926), tuberculosis (1927), and tetanus (1927) vaccines were developed.
- Penicillin: Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928.
- Prontosil: Gerhard Domagk developed Prontosil, the first antibiotic on the market, in 1932.
Psychiatry and Surgery
- Insulin Shock Therapy: Manfred Joshua Sakel developed insulin shock therapy in 1933.
- Convulsive Therapy: Ladislas Joseph Meduna initiated convulsive therapy for psychosis in 1935.
- Cerebral Angiography/Leucotomy: António Egas Moniz developed cerebral angiography and leucotomy (lobotomy) in 1936.
- Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT): Ugo Cerletti and Lucio Bini discovered ECT in 1938.
- Dialysis Machine: Willem J. Kolff invented the first dialysis machine during World War II.
Mid-20th Century Discoveries
- Nitrogen Mustard: Alfred Gilman and Louis Goodman discovered nitrogen mustard, an effective chemotherapy drug, in 1946.
- Defibrillation: Claude Schaeffer Beck performed the first defibrillation in 1947.
- Acetaminophen: Julius Axelrod and Bernard Brodie invented acetaminophen (Tylenol) in 1948.
- Oral & Intravenous Rehydration: Daniel Darrow introduced oral and intravenous rehydration solutions for infant diarrhea treatment in 1949.
- Intraocular Lens: Sir Nicholas Ridley invented the intraocular lens for cataract surgery in 1949.
Vaccines and Organ Transplants
- Polio Vaccine: Jonas Salk developed the first polio vaccine in 1952.
- Frog Cloning: Robert Briggs and Thomas King cloned a frog via nuclear transfer in 1952.
- Heart-Lung Machine: John Gibbon invented the heart-lung machine enabling open-heart surgery in 1953.
- Kidney Transplant: Joseph Murray performed the first kidney transplant in 1954.
- Implantable Pacemaker: Rune Elmqvist developed the first implantable pacemaker in 1958.
Reproductive and Cardiac Advances
- In Vitro Fertilization (IVF): Min Chueh Chang achieved IVF and contributed to the development of the oral contraceptive pill in 1959.
- Beta-Blocker: Sir James W. Black invented the first beta-blocker in 1962.
- Liver Transplant: Thomas Starzl performed the first human liver transplant in 1963.
- Heart Transplant: Christiaan Barnard performed the first human-to-human heart transplant in 1967.
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Raymond Damadian discovered MRI in 1971.
Late 20th Century Innovations
- AZT: George Hitchings and Gertrude Elion developed AZT (azidothymidine) for HIV treatment in 1979.
- Hepatitis B Vaccine: Baruch Blumberg developed the hepatitis B vaccine in 1980.
- Combined Heart-Lung Transplant: Bruce Reitz performed the first combined human heart-lung transplant in 1981.
- Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR): Kary Mullis improved PCR in 1985.
- DNA Fingerprinting: Sir Alec Jeffreys developed DNA fingerprinting and profiling in 1985.
Mental Health and Stem Cells
- Fluoxetine (Prozac): Eli Lilly launched fluoxetine (Prozac) in 1986.
- Human Embryonic Stem Cell Line: James Thomson derived the first human embryonic stem cell line in 1998.
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Description
This quiz covers significant medical discoveries and innovations from the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Participants will learn about key figures and their contributions to fields such as blood types, Alzheimer's disease, and surgical techniques. Test your knowledge on the pioneering advancements that shaped modern medicine.
