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Questions and Answers
What is dehydration?
What is dehydration?
Dehydration is a body fluid disturbance when the output exceeds intake and results from causes such as fluid loss through the skin, respiratory, urinary, or GI tract.
What are the signs of mild dehydration in children?
What are the signs of mild dehydration in children?
What are the signs of moderate dehydration in children?
What are the signs of moderate dehydration in children?
What is appendicitis?
What is appendicitis?
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The average client with appendicitis is 10 years old.
The average client with appendicitis is 10 years old.
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What is an indicator of a burst appendix?
What is an indicator of a burst appendix?
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When preparing a child for surgery for appendicitis, you should avoid enemas or laxatives.
When preparing a child for surgery for appendicitis, you should avoid enemas or laxatives.
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What is intussusception?
What is intussusception?
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Intussusception is more common in children between the ages of 3 months and 6 years.
Intussusception is more common in children between the ages of 3 months and 6 years.
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What are expected findings of intussusception?
What are expected findings of intussusception?
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Intussusception can be treated with an air enema or surgery.
Intussusception can be treated with an air enema or surgery.
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What is pyloric stenosis?
What is pyloric stenosis?
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What are some symptoms of pyloric stenosis?
What are some symptoms of pyloric stenosis?
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Pyloric stenosis can be treated with surgery.
Pyloric stenosis can be treated with surgery.
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What is Hirschsprung’s disease?
What is Hirschsprung’s disease?
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A baby with Hirschsprung’s disease may fail to pass meconium within 24-48 hours after birth.
A baby with Hirschsprung’s disease may fail to pass meconium within 24-48 hours after birth.
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What is GERD?
What is GERD?
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What are some symptoms of GERD in infants?
What are some symptoms of GERD in infants?
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What are some nursing care and education tips for children with GERD?
What are some nursing care and education tips for children with GERD?
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What is Meckel’s Diverticulum?
What is Meckel’s Diverticulum?
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What are some expected findings of Meckel’s Diverticulum?
What are some expected findings of Meckel’s Diverticulum?
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Meckel’s Diverticulum can be treated with surgical removal.
Meckel’s Diverticulum can be treated with surgical removal.
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Study Notes
Dehydration
- Body fluid imbalance when output exceeds intake.
- Caused by fluid loss through skin, respiratory, urinary, or GI tract.
- Mild: 3-5% (infants) / 3-4% (children)
- Moderate: 6-9% (infants) / 6-8% (children)
- Severe: >10% (infants) / >8% (children)
- Treatment: 20 ml/kg IV bolus, maintenance IV fluids, push/pull method.
Diarrhea and Dehydration
- Diagnosed when accompanied by dehydration.
Appendicitis
- Inflammation of the appendix, often caused by blockage.
- Average patient age: 10 years old.
- Symptoms: Right lower quadrant (RLQ) pain, pain relief could indicate rupture.
- Other signs: rigid abdomen, rebound tenderness, decreased/absent bowel sounds, fever, lethargy, diarrhea/constipation, tachycardia, rapid shallow breathing, anorexia, vomiting
Preparing for Appendicitis Surgery
- Avoid enemas and laxatives.
- Avoid applying heat to abdomen.
- Preoperative procedures: Electrolyte and fluid replacement, IV antibiotics, NG tube for decompression.
- Postoperative care: Obtain vitals, pain medication, monitor bowel sounds, assess for peritonitis.
Intussusception
- Proximal segment of bowel telescopes into a distal segment.
- Leads to lymphatic/venous obstruction and subsequent edema.
- Associated with ischemia, increased mucus in the intestines.
- Common age range: 3 months to 6 years
- Symptoms: Sudden abdominal pain, screaming, knees to chest.
Pyloric Stenosis
- Thickening of the pyloric sphincter, causing obstruction.
- Occurs in infants during first few weeks of life.
- Symptoms: Vomiting (non-bilious, may be blood tinged), constant hunger, olive-shaped mass in upper right quadrant (RUQ).
Hirschsprung's Disease
- Structural GI tract anomaly, lack of ganglionic cells in certain sections of colon.
- Decreased intestinal motility, mechanical intestinal obstruction.
- Newborn/infant signs: Failure to pass meconium within 24-48 hours after birth, vomiting (often bile), refusal to eat, abdominal distention.
- Older child/kid signs: Failure to thrive, episodes of diarrhea and vomiting, abdominal distention, visible peristalsis, palpable fecal mass, constipation.
- Foul, ribbon-like stool.
Meckel's Diverticulum
- Complication of incomplete fusion of the omphalomesenteric duct during development.
- Symptoms: Painless rectal bleeding, abdominal pain, bloody stools with mucus.
- Treatment: Surgical removal of diverticulum.
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Description
Test your knowledge on dehydration and appendicitis with this quiz. Explore the causes, symptoms, and treatment protocols for both conditions. Ideal for medical students and healthcare professionals seeking to reinforce their understanding of these critical medical issues.
