Medical Chemistry Lecture 9: Aromatic Compounds
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Questions and Answers

What is unique about the chemical reactivity of benzene?

  • It undergoes addition reactions easily.
  • It is resistant to addition reactions and reacts under more vigorous conditions. (correct)
  • It only reacts with alkynes.
  • It is highly reactive under normal conditions.

    • How are monosubstituted benzene compounds named?

  • By placing the name of the group as a suffix to the benzene.
  • By numbering the carbon atoms in the ring.
  • By using a specific code.
  • By placing the name of the group as a prefix to the benzene. (correct)

    • Why do disubstituted benzenes require specific naming?

  • Because the location of the groups on the ring is important. (correct)
  • Because the groups are always identical.
  • Because the groups are always different.
  • Because the reactivity of the groups is different.

    • What type of reactions do toluene, nitrobenzene, and chlorobenzene undergo?

    <p>Substitution reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of substitution reactions in toluene, nitrobenzene, and chlorobenzene?

    <p>Isomers can be formed depending on which hydrogen is replaced.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of Friedel-Crafts Acylation?

    <p>It involves the substitution of an acyl group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do some disubstituted benzenes have specific names?

    <p>Because they have been given specific names.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between Friedel-Crafts Alkylation and Friedel-Crafts Acylation?

    <p>One involves the substitution of an alkyl group, the other involves the substitution of an acyl group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Aromatic Compounds

    • Benzene has a high degree of unsaturation but is unreactive, doesn't undergo usual addition reactions of alkenes and alkynes.
    • Benzene reacts under more vigorous conditions (heat or catalysts) to form products of substitution.
    • The unique chemical reactivity of benzene is due to its structure.

    Naming Aromatic Compounds

    • When one group is attached to benzene, the compound is named by placing the name of the group as prefix to the benzene.
    • If two groups are attached to the benzene ring, the name must indicate what groups are present and their location.

    Isomers of Disubstituted Benzenes

    • There are three possible isomers of a disubstituted benzene, which can be differentiated in two ways.
    • Some disubstituted benzenes have been given names that don't indicate the kind of groups attached to the ring.

    Substitution Reactions of Aromatic Compounds

    • Bromination is a type of substitution reaction of aromatic compounds.
    • Chlorination is a type of substitution reaction of aromatic compounds.
    • Nitration is a type of substitution reaction of aromatic compounds.
    • Sulfonation is a type of substitution reaction of aromatic compounds.
    • Friedel-Crafts Alkylation is a type of substitution reaction of aromatic compounds.
    • Friedel-Crafts Acylation is a type of substitution reaction of aromatic compounds.

    Substitution Reactions of Substituted Benzenes

    • Toluene, nitrobenzene, chlorobenzene, and many other aromatic compounds undergo substitution reactions.
    • These compounds differ from benzene in that they already have a substituent on the benzene ring.
    • Isomers can be formed depending on which hydrogen is replaced during substitution reactions.

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    Learn about the unique properties of benzene and its reactivity in aromatic compounds, covering the basics of medical chemistry.

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