Medical Biophysics Course Assessment 2024-2025

A technique that separates charged particles based on their movement through an electric field. Smaller particles move faster, larger particles move slower.

Sound waves with frequencies above 20,000 Hz, which are beyond the range of human hearing.

A technique that uses sound waves to measure distances and create images. It's commonly used in sonar systems.

The property of ultrasound that allows it to be used in various applications like medical imaging, detecting faults in materials, and mapping the ocean floor.

A crystalline material that converts mechanical (sound) energy into electrical energy and vice versa. It's used in ultrasound devices to generate and receive sound waves.

The measure of how readily a medium transmits ultrasound waves. It depends on the medium's density and speed of sound.

The speed at which an ultrasound wave travels through a medium. It depends on the medium's density and elasticity.

The ratio of acoustic impedance of two media determines the amount of ultrasound reflected back from the boundary between them. It's an important factor in medical imaging.

A plane through the body perpendicular to the scan axis. It is a slice taken across the body.

The ratio of table movement per 360-degree rotation of the X-ray tube to the beam width.

High pitch allows for faster scan times, which is ideal for imaging moving structures or patients who can't hold their breath.

Low pitch techniques provide better image quality and are crucial for detecting small details.

Dose-length product (DLP) represents the total radiation exposure received by the patient during a CT scan.

Effective dose is a measure of the overall radiation risk to the patient, taking into account the varying sensitivity of different organs.

CTDI is a measure of radiation dose delivered to a specific region, usually a 10-cm-long section of the patient.

Diathermy is a therapeutic technique utilizing high-frequency electrical currents to generate heat within tissues. This heat can be used to treat a variety of conditions, including muscle pain, joint stiffness, and inflammation.

Increasing the pitch reduces radiation dose by shortening the scan time and amount of X-rays used.

Diathermy is used for various medical applications, including surgical procedures, therapeutic treatments, and diagnostic evaluations.

Surgical applications of diathermy involve using high-frequency electrical currents to cut, coagulate, or fulgurate tissue. This allows for precise tissue removal and blood vessel sealing.

Cutting with diathermy involves using the electrical current to create a precise incision, similar to a scalpel.

Coagulation with diathermy involves using the electrical current to seal blood vessels, preventing excessive bleeding during surgery.

Fulguration with diathermy involves using the electrical current to destroy abnormal tissue, such as tumors or warts.

Therapeutic applications of diathermy include treating muscle pain, inflammation, and joint stiffness by using the heat generated by the electrical currents to stimulate blood flow and relax muscles.

Diagnostic applications of diathermy involve using the electrical current to create images of internal structures. This helps in identifying medical conditions.

Diathermy can be used for surgical functions like cutting, coagulating, and fulgurating tissues, offering precise options for tissue removal and control.

The component in an X-ray machine that selects a specific energy band of X-rays before they reach the sample. Often used to eliminate unwanted radiation and improve signal quality.

The substance that produces X-rays when bombarded by electrons in a vacuum tube. Typically, Tungsten is used due to its high melting point and efficiency.

A thin layer of material that allows X-rays to pass through but absorbs most of other radiation and heat from the X-ray tube.

A method of using high-voltage alternating pulse current to stimulate tissues. It can have analgesic, anti-pruritic, and circulatory effects.

The process of generating X-rays by firing electrons at a target material. The electrons excite atoms in the target, which then release X-rays.

A technique used to visualize the inside of the body in real-time using X-rays. Frequently used in surgery and diagnosis.

The energy range of X-rays used in mammography is limited to low energies to reduce the radiation dose to the breast tissue. This is because lower energy X-rays are more effective at imaging soft tissues.

Dental X-rays are used to image teeth and supporting structures. They are also known as Orthopantomography.

The optic nerve is a bundle of nerve fibers that transmits visual information from the eye to the brain. It's like a cable carrying signals from your camera (eye) to the computer (brain).

Eyelids are flaps of skin that protect the eye from dust, foreign objects, and excessive light. They act like a shield, closing automatically to safeguard the eye.

Binocular vision is the ability to see with both eyes, allowing for depth perception and a wider field of view. It's like having two cameras working together to create a 3D image.

The far point is the farthest point at which an object can be seen clearly without any strain. For a young adult with normal vision, this point is considered to be at infinity, meaning they can see distant objects clearly.

Sunlight is composed of seven visible colors: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet. You can see these colors when sunlight is split through a prism, like a rainbow.

A glass prism has the ability to split white light into its constituent colors because each color bends at a different angle. This results in the separation of colors and the formation of a spectrum.

The top color in the spectrum is red, while the bottom color is violet. This arrangement is based on the order of colors and their corresponding wavelengths.

Rod cells are photoreceptor cells in the retina that are responsible for vision in dim light conditions. They are more sensitive to light intensity than color.

The retina, a layer of light-sensitive cells at the back of the eye, forms a real and inverted image of the outside world.

The ciliary muscles control the shape of the lens, allowing it to change focus for objects at different distances.

The least distance of distinct vision for a young adult with normal vision is 25 centimeters. This is the closest point at which someone can see objects clearly without straining.

Persistence of vision is the phenomenon where the image of an object persists for a fraction of a second after the object has been removed. This effect allows us to perceive motion from a sequence of still images.

Rod cells are responsible for detecting the intensity of light, allowing us to see in dim conditions. Cones, on the other hand, are responsible for color vision and detail.

Refraction, the bending of light as it passes from one medium to another, is the primary principle behind how the human eye focuses light onto the retina.

Red light, with its longer wavelength, is scattered the least by particles in the air, making it appear more visible through fog or smoke.

The iris, the colored part of the eye, controls the amount of light entering the eye by adjusting the size of the pupil.