Medical Biochemistry: Enzymes Chemistry

Oxidoreductases catalyze the reactions of oxidation and ______

The mechanism of oxidation is either by removal of hydrogen (dehydrogenases) or by addition of ______

Transferases catalyze the transfer of groups other than hydrogen from one substrate to another. They are further classified according to the group they transfer e.g. phosphotransferases (kinases), transaminases, transketolases, ______

Isomerases catalyze the ______ reactions

The ______ group of enzymes catalyze the reactions of oxidation and reduction

Enzymes are powerful and highly specific biological catalysts (The difference between ______ and un______ reactions_

General properties of enzymes 1. They are mostly protein in nature. NOT ALL enzymes are protein but there are some ribozymes (rRNA in nature) 2. They act within a moderate pH and temperature range. 3. They are highly specific that catalyze only one type of chemical reaction.

There are different types of specificity:  Optical specificity (stereospecificity): Enzymes act only one of 2 ______ e.g. maltase acts on α-glycosides but not β-glycosides.

There are different types of specificity:  Group specificity: Enzymes act on a specific group or linkage e.g. pepsin acts on peptide bonds.  Absolute specificity: Enzyme acts only one ______ e.g. urease enzyme acts on urea.

General properties of enzymes Enzymes Extra______ular Intra______ular They are secreted from the They are formed inside the ______ where they function. As, ______ where they function.