20 Questions
Explain the function of enzymes in biochemical reactions.
Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts, accelerating biochemical reactions in the human body. They have various functions such as aiding in digestion and eliminating toxins.
What are the two identified sites within enzymes and their functions?
The two identified sites within enzymes are the catalytic site, which is involved in catalysis, and the substrate binding site, where reactants called substrates bind to the enzyme.
Explain the clinical significance of enzymes in the blood serum.
If enzymes are found in high quantity in the blood serum, it indicates tissue damage, giving enzymes diagnostic value. Enzymes can also be used as drugs.
List three important properties of enzymes.
Three important properties of enzymes are that they are produced by living cells, they catalyze chemical reactions, and they are protein in nature except for riboenzymes.
What is the function of Oxidoreductase enzymes?
Oxidoreductase enzymes catalyze redox reactions.
What are the important properties of enzymes? Provide at least three properties.
The important properties of enzymes include: 1. Produced by living cells. 2. Catalyze the chemical reactions. 3. Powerful catalyst.
Explain the function of enzymes in the human body and provide an example of their role in bodily processes.
Enzymes are proteins that accelerate biochemical reactions in the human body. An example of their role is in aiding the digestion of food.
What is the active site of an enzyme and what is its function?
The active site of an enzyme is the substrate binding site and it has the catalytic property. It is a compact structure made of a chain of amino acids.
Explain the clinical significance of finding high quantities of enzymes in the blood serum.
High quantities of enzymes in the blood serum indicate tissue damage and have diagnostic value.
List and explain the function of at least three classifications of enzymes.
- Oxidoreductase: Catalyze redox reactions. 2. Transferases: Catalyze transfer of a molecular group from one molecule to another. 3. Hydrolases: Catalyze bond cleavage by the introduction of water.
Explain the function of Hydrolases enzymes and provide an example of a biochemical reaction they catalyze?
Hydrolases enzymes catalyze bond cleavage by the introduction of water. An example of a biochemical reaction they catalyze is the hydrolysis of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins during digestion.
What is the clinical significance of finding high quantities of enzymes in the blood serum? Provide an example of an enzyme used for diagnostic purposes.
Finding high quantities of enzymes in the blood serum indicates tissue damage and has diagnostic value. An example of an enzyme used for diagnostic purposes is creatine kinase (CK) in diagnosing myocardial infarction.
Explain the properties of enzymes that differentiate them from non-biochemical catalysts. Provide at least two properties.
Enzymes are produced by living cells and their activity can be regulated, unlike non-biochemical catalysts. Enzymes are also highly specific in their action.
What are the two identified sites within enzymes and their functions?
The two identified sites within enzymes are the catalytic site, which is involved with catalysis, and the substrate binding site, which is the specific area on the enzyme to which substrates bind.
What is the function of Transferases enzymes and provide an example of a molecular group transfer reaction they catalyze?
Transferases enzymes catalyze the transfer of a molecular group from one molecule to another. An example of a molecular group transfer reaction they catalyze is the transfer of a phosphate group in the reaction catalyzed by kinase enzymes.
What is the primary function of Oxidoreductase enzymes?
Catalyze redox reactions
Which type of enzyme catalyzes the transfer of a molecular group from one molecule to another?
Transferases
What distinguishes enzymes from non-biochemical catalysts?
They differ in their ability to be produced by living cells
What is the clinical significance of finding high quantities of enzymes in the blood serum?
It indicates damage in tissue and has diagnostic value
What is the primary property of enzymes related to their catalytic function?
They are powerful catalysts
Study Notes
Enzymes in Biochemical Reactions
- Enzymes are biological molecules that catalyze biochemical reactions, increasing their rates and efficiency without being consumed or altered in the process.
- Enzymes have two identified sites: the active site and the binding site. The active site is where the substrate binds, and the enzyme catalyzes the reaction. The binding site is where the enzyme recognizes and binds to the substrate.
Properties of Enzymes
- Enzymes are highly specific, meaning they only catalyze one specific reaction or a small group of related reactions.
- Enzymes are highly efficient, allowing them to catalyze reactions at a much faster rate than non-biochemical catalysts.
- Enzymes are highly regulated, meaning their activity can be controlled and adjusted according to the needs of the cell.
Clinical Significance of Enzymes in Blood Serum
- High quantities of enzymes in the blood serum can indicate tissue damage or disease, making enzymes important diagnostic tools.
- Elevated levels of certain enzymes can be indicative of specific diseases, such as liver or pancreatic disease.
Classifications of Enzymes
- Oxidoreductases: catalyze oxidation and reduction reactions, often involving the transfer of electrons.
- Transferases: catalyze the transfer of a molecular group from one molecule to another.
- Hydrolases: catalyze the hydrolysis of a molecule, involving the breaking of a chemical bond using water.
Examples of Enzymes
- Hydrolases: peptidases, which break down peptides into amino acids.
- Transferases: transaminases, which catalyze the transfer of an amino group from one molecule to another.
- Oxidoreductases: cytochrome P450, which catalyzes the oxidation of xenobiotics in the liver.
Active Site and its Function
- The active site is a region on the enzyme where the substrate binds, and the enzyme catalyzes the reaction.
- The active site is highly specific, allowing the enzyme to recognize and bind to the correct substrate.
Diagnostic Use of Enzymes
- Enzymes can be used as diagnostic tools to detect specific diseases or conditions.
- For example, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is an enzyme used to diagnose tissue damage or disease.
Differentiation from Non-Biochemical Catalysts
- Enzymes are highly specific, whereas non-biochemical catalysts are often non-specific and can catalyze a wide range of reactions.
- Enzymes are highly regulated, whereas non-biochemical catalysts are often unregulated and can catalyze reactions at a constant rate.
Test your knowledge on the biochemistry of enzymes, including their functions and mechanisms of action. Explore the fundamental role of enzymes as biological catalysts in various biochemical reactions within the human body.
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