Medical and Environmental Applications Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the significance of salvarsan in medical history?

It was developed from a mold species.

It was the first antimicrobial medication specifically for syphilis. (correct)

It is used to treat bacterial infections in general.

It was the first antibiotic discovered.

Which bacterial species is known for its role in degrading the explosive trinitrotoluene (TNT)?

Ralstonia eutropha

Thermomonospora sp.

Clostridium bifermentans (correct)

Lactobacilli

Which process is primarily used by bacteria to enhance the flavor of chocolate?

Biodegradation

Fermentation (correct)

Antibiotic production

Degradation

What type of plastic is produced by the bacterium Ralstonia eutropha?

Biodegradable plastic Signup and view all the answers

Which method is considered more environmentally friendly for finishing denim compared to traditional stone-washing?

Use of cellulase from bacteria Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration of Part 1 in the course structure?

Sept 5th – Oct 1st Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the course immediately follows Part 1 in the schedule?

Part 2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the time allocated for the course textbooks on course reserve?

2 hours Signup and view all the answers

Which date marks the beginning of Part 2 of the course?

Oct 3rd Signup and view all the answers

How many parts does the course structure contain?

Three parts Signup and view all the answers

Where can detailed information about the course textbooks be found?

On the course outline Signup and view all the answers

What type of information is likely to be available on the UM Learn platform for this course?

Course announcements and resources Signup and view all the answers

What is the proper way to start a subject line in an email to the course instructor?

MBIO 1220 A04: Subject Signup and view all the answers

During which time frame can students expect a response to their emails?

Only during business hours Monday to Friday Signup and view all the answers

What should a student refrain from doing immediately after grades are released?

Asking about concerns regarding grades Signup and view all the answers

What is the scheduled location for the office hours of the course instructor?

414B Buller Building Signup and view all the answers

Which learning strategy is emphasized for student success?

Collaborating and teaching each other Signup and view all the answers

What major aspect of microbiology should students be able to explain after the first class?

What microbiology is and its significance Signup and view all the answers

What is a recommended practice regarding learning and preparation for midterms and exams?

Implement evidence-based learning strategies early Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a focus of the course's initial learning outcomes?

Discussing the characteristics of mammals Signup and view all the answers

What online resource is mentioned for aiding students with learning strategies?

Learning Scientists Handout on UM Learn Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the field of microbiology?

The study of the microbial world Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following groups are considered prokaryotes?

Only bacteria Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct format for writing a scientific name?

Genus capitalized, species lowercase, italicized in print Signup and view all the answers

Who developed the system used for scientific naming?

Carl Linnaeus Signup and view all the answers

How should one write the scientific name of Escherichia coli in handwritten format?

Escherichia coli Signup and view all the answers

What concept did Robert Hooke's observations lead to in the field of microbiology?

Cell theory Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes acellular infectious agents within the microbial groups?

They cannot carry out metabolic processes. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of microorganism covered in microbiology?

Arthropods Signup and view all the answers

What did Antonie van Leeuwenhoek refer to as 'little animalcules'?

Living microorganisms Signup and view all the answers

What is the second part of the scientific name called?

Species Signup and view all the answers

What scientific method did Louis Pasteur use to disprove spontaneous generation?

Swan necked flasks Signup and view all the answers

In Pasteur's experiments, what was the role of the yeast he studied?

To produce alcohol from sugar Signup and view all the answers

In online formats, how should scientific names be presented?

Italicized Signup and view all the answers

Which group is primarily made up of eukaryotic microorganisms?

Yeast Signup and view all the answers

What process did Pasteur advocate for to prevent spoilage of products like beer or wine?

Pasteurization Signup and view all the answers

What was the prevalent belief about disease before the germ theory developed?

A punishment for misdeeds Signup and view all the answers

What fundamental difference does biogenesis assert compared to spontaneous generation?

Living matter comes from pre-existing living matter Signup and view all the answers

Which phenomenon occurs when bacteria convert alcohol into vinegar in the presence of air?

Souring Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant implication of the germ theory of disease?

Microorganisms are responsible for many diseases Signup and view all the answers

Why did Louis Pasteur believe in heating beverages after fermentation?

To kill harmful bacteria and prevent spoilage Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Course Information

Course title: MBIO*1220 - Essentials of Microbiology
Course components: Part 1 (Sept. 5th - Oct. 1st), Part 2 (Oct 3rd – Nov 5th), Part 3 (Nov 21st - Dec 5th)
Midterms (2) and final exam scheduled within the course structure

Course Textbooks

Required course textbook: Nester's Microbiology: A Human Perspective
Textbook edition: 9th
Textbook authors: Anderson, Salm, Allen, Nester
Access textbook: Available on course reserve (2 hours)
University of Manitoba bookstore website: http://bookstore.umanitoba.ca/SelectTermDept

Course Materials

UM Learn site: MBIO 1220 A04
Discussion board: Used to answer course-related questions
Email address for course-related questions or concerns: [email protected]
Important note about emailing: Include "MBIO 1220 A04:" in the email subject line & only send emails during business hours (Mon-Fri 8am-4pm)

Office Hours

Location: 414B Buller Building
Time: Thursdays 1:00 – 2:00pm
First Office Hour: Thurs. Sept. 12th
Further note: All deviations from the set time and/or date will be posted on UM Learn.

Tips for Success

Read Learning Scientists handout on the platform.
Start learning the content early to avoid last-minute cramming.
Ask questions, participate in class discussions, and study in groups.

iClicker

Used to participate in class discussions
Link: https://join.iclicker.com/MHΚΗ

Class #1 Learning Outcomes

Describe microbiology, the work of microbiologists and the characteristics of major groups of microorganisms.
Be able to write scientific names of microbes correctly (including formatting guidelines).
Identify the benefits and challenges of microbes in society.
Describe the significant historical findings that led to the development of microbiology.

What is Microbiology?

The study of the microbial world.
Key entities within the microbial world: bacteria, archaea, eukarya, viruses, viroids, and prions.

Major Groups of Microorganisms

Prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea)
Eukaryotes (algae, protozoa, fungi, helminths)
Acellular infectious agents (viruses, viroids and prions)
Note: Diagrams are included as visuals.

Scientific Names

Developed by Carl Linnaeus in the 1700s
Latin-based system to reflect characteristics.
2-part (binomial) system: genus (capitalized) followed by species (lowercase), e.g., Escherichia coli.
Formatting: Italics for online, underlined for handwritten use. Later use abbreviations.

History of Microbiology

Timeline review (visual)
Key figures & discoveries.
Important figures include: Hooke, van Leeuwenhoek, Pasteur, Lister, Koch, Jenner.
Important methods: Staining, isolation, and pure culture methods.
Major historical events and important milestones are outlined in timeline format

First Sights of Microbes

Robert Hooke (1665) and van Leeuwenhoek(1674) discoveries and the development of microscopes.
Cell theory concept

Spontaneous Generation vs Biogenesis

Concept of spontaneous generation and biogenesis:
Key figure in debunking spontaneous generation: Pasteur's experiments that supported biogenesis.

Louis Pasteur's Further Contributions

Fermentation processes (anaerobic and aerobic), yeast and bacteria's action.
Pasteurization

Germ Theory of Disease

Microorganisms as cause of diseases
Key figures that helped establish theory

Joseph Lister (1860s)

Development of aseptic techniques and disinfectant use.

Robert Koch (1876)

Proved direct link between bacteria and infectious diseases (anthrax.)
Koch's postulates

Edward Jenner (1796)

Development of smallpox vaccine, a key contribution in preventing diseases.

Paul Ehrlich

Proposed specific bacterial targets for chemicals.
Selective toxicity, a concept he proposed, which helps in development of specific drugs to fight against many disease-causing microbes, without harming the human body.
Salvarsan (first antimicrobial medication)..

Alexander Fleming (1928)

Discovered penicillin (the first antibiotic).

Fun Facts:

Microbes in various domains and applications: food, explosives, plastics.
Bio-based products (biofuels, vitamins, cosmetics)
Role and use of microbes for environmentally friendly or sustainable practices like biofinishing.

Who Runs the World... Microbes!!

Microbiota and their roles
Importance of microbiome to human health.

Not all Microbes cause disease!

Microbiota and role in human health, not only causing diseases.

Pathogens

Microbes causing various diseases.
Costs associated with communicable diseases: $8.3 billion in Canada (2008), and $55 billion in US (2008) due to antibiotic-resistant infections.

What do Microbiologists do?

Scope of microbiological work.
Different specializations: Bacteriology, virology, mycology, immunology.

Summary and Next Class

Recap of lecture notes
Setting good habits for success in the course
Reminder: Reading the textbook and preparation for the next class.
Next class topic: The Molecules of Life.

Studying That Suits You

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Description

Test your knowledge on the significance of salvarsan in medical history and the role of bacteria in environmental processes. This quiz covers various topics, including the degradation of compounds and innovative methods in plastic production. Challenge yourself with questions related to course structure and resources.