Medial Thigh Anatomy Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which artery is the largest branch of the femoral artery?

Obturator artery

Profunda femoris (correct)

Lateral femoral circumflex artery

Medial femoral circumflex artery

Where does the profunda femoris artery pass in relation to the femur?

Superiorly above the femoral ligament

Posteriorly, lying behind the femoral artery and vein (correct)

Anteriorly along the shaft of the femur

Laterally alongside the femoral vein

What does the obturator artery primarily accompany through the obturator canal?

Lateral femoral circumflex artery

Obturator nerve (correct)

Profunda femoris artery

Femoral artery

Into which vein does the profunda femoris vein drain?

Femoral vein Signup and view all the answers

Which branches does the obturator artery divide into?

Medial and lateral branches Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary nerve responsible for supplying the adductor muscles of the thigh?

Obturator nerve Signup and view all the answers

Which structures pass through the adductor canal?

Femoral artery, femoral vein, saphenous nerve, lymph vessels Signup and view all the answers

The anterior division of the obturator nerve supplies which of the following muscles?

Gracilis, adductor brevis, adductor longus Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct outcome of a nerve lesion affecting the obturator nerve?

Loss of adduction of the thigh at the hip Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve has a minor role in supplying the adductor muscles aside from the obturator nerve?

Accessory obturator nerve Signup and view all the answers

Which structure primarily innervates the Adductor longus muscle?

Obturator nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the main action of the Gracilis muscle?

Knee flexion Signup and view all the answers

Which artery is primarily responsible for the blood supply to the medial thigh compartment?

Profunda femoris artery Signup and view all the answers

Where does the Pectineus muscle insert?

Between the greater and lesser trochanters Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles originates from the body and inferior ramus of the pubis?

Adductor brevis Signup and view all the answers

The primary action performed by the Adductor magnus is:

Adduction of the thigh Signup and view all the answers

What common feature do all the muscles of the medial thigh compartment share?

All function to adduct the thigh Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is primarily responsible for innervating the medial thigh region?

Obturator nerve Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Medial Thigh Anatomy

The medial thigh comprises muscles, nerves, and vascular structures.
The muscles of the medial thigh include Gracilis, Pectineus, Adductor longus, Adductor brevis, and Adductor magnus.
Obturator externus is also discussed in the context of the surrounding gluteal region.

Muscle Details

Gracilis: Originates from the pubic body, inserts on the medial tibia, and functions in hip adduction, knee flexion, and medial rotation. Innervated by the Obturator nerve (L2-L3).
Pectineus: Originates from the pectineal surface of the pubis, inserts between the lesser trochanter and the linea aspera. It adducts the thigh at the hip. Innervated by the femoral nerve (L2-L3) and possibly the obturator nerve.
Adductor longus: Originates from the pubic crest, inserts on the linea aspera (mid-third). Functions in hip adduction. Innervated by the obturator nerve (L2-L4).
Adductor brevis: Originates from the body and inferior ramus of pubis, inserts on the linea aspera. It adducts the thigh. Innervated by the obturator nerve (L2-L4).
Adductor magnus: Originates from the ischiopubic ramus and ischial tuberosity. It inserts on the adductor portion, posterior part of the femur from gluteal tuberosity to the medial supra-condylar ridge, and the adductor tubercle. It functions in hip adduction and thigh extension. Innervated by the obturator (L3-L4) and sciatic nerve (L4-L5).

Adductor Canal and Hiatus

The adductor canal is a passageway for femoral artery, vein, saphenous nerve, and lymph vessels.
It begins at the inferior apex of the femoral triangle and ends at the adductor hiatus.
The canal's borders are the sartorius, adductor longus and magnus, and vastus medialis and intermedius.
Importantly, the great saphenous vein is NOT in the canal.

Nerves

The major nerve to the medial thigh muscles is the obturator nerve (L2-L4).
This nerve has both anterior and posterior divisions which supply the muscles.
Additional nerves include branches from the femoral nerve (medial femoral cutaneous) and possibly a bit of the ilioinguinal nerve providing sensory innervation for the skin.
Nerve lesions can lead to pain, paraesthesia, loss of sensation, and loss of hip adduction.

Vascular Structures

Arterial Supply: Profunda femoris and medial/lateral circumflex, and four perforating arteries contribute.
Profunda femoris artery: Major branch arising on the lateral thigh, 3-5 cm below the inguinal ligament. It curves over adductor brevis and behind the femoral artery and vein to reach the medial thigh. Perforating branches pass between the femur and the tendon of adductor magnus.
Obturator artery: Arises from the internal iliac artery, travels through the obturator canal, dividing into medial and lateral branches for muscles and hip joint supply.
Venous Drainage: The obturator vein (ObV) drains into the internal iliac vein. The profunda femoris vein (PFV) drains into the femoral vein.

Summary of Study Points

Students should be able to identify and describe the actions of the medial thigh muscles.
Students should know which muscles and nerves are supplied by which nerves.
The vascular structures important in the medial thigh should be recognised and understood.
Note the clinical correlations with nerve lesion.

Further Study

Review of vascular structures and nerves of the medial thigh.
Preparation for next week's lecture on the gluteal region.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the anatomy of the medial thigh, including its muscles and nerve innervation. This quiz covers key muscles such as Gracilis, Pectineus, Adductor longus, and more. Understand their origins, insertions, and functions in detail.