Podcast
Questions and Answers
What neurological sign is highlighted as a localizing indicator in the described cases?
What neurological sign is highlighted as a localizing indicator in the described cases?
- Esotropia (correct)
- Ataxia
- Hemiplegia
- Strabismus
Which imaging technique revealed the ischemic infarction in the dogs?
Which imaging technique revealed the ischemic infarction in the dogs?
- Ultrasound
- Computed Tomography (CT)
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
- Diffusion-weighted Imaging (DWI) (correct)
What is medial strabismus also known as?
What is medial strabismus also known as?
- Diplopia
- Esotropia (correct)
- Exotropia
- Hyperopia
What kind of infarction was identified in the dogs presented in the cases?
What kind of infarction was identified in the dogs presented in the cases?
Which animal was diagnosed with medial strabismus in the case report?
Which animal was diagnosed with medial strabismus in the case report?
What did the computed tomography of the thorax and abdomen reveal?
What did the computed tomography of the thorax and abdomen reveal?
What neurological condition was associated with the medial strabismus in both dogs?
What neurological condition was associated with the medial strabismus in both dogs?
What neurological signs were observed in the dog during the examination?
What neurological signs were observed in the dog during the examination?
What was suggested by the multiple electrode aggregometry analysis?
What was suggested by the multiple electrode aggregometry analysis?
What type of brain imaging was used to identify thalamic lesions in the dogs?
What type of brain imaging was used to identify thalamic lesions in the dogs?
Which medication was used for antinausea treatment in the dog?
Which medication was used for antinausea treatment in the dog?
What condition was the 7-year-old male neutered Border Collie initially evaluated for?
What condition was the 7-year-old male neutered Border Collie initially evaluated for?
Which cranial nerve's motor nucleus is affected leading to medial strabismus?
Which cranial nerve's motor nucleus is affected leading to medial strabismus?
What does restricted diffusion in imaging typically indicate?
What does restricted diffusion in imaging typically indicate?
What was the outcome for the dog after 7 days of supportive care?
What was the outcome for the dog after 7 days of supportive care?
What was the main cause of the observed symptoms in the dogs?
What was the main cause of the observed symptoms in the dogs?
Which artery's territory is associated with the identified ischemic infarct?
Which artery's territory is associated with the identified ischemic infarct?
What additional condition was suggested by the neuroanatomical localization in the dog?
What additional condition was suggested by the neuroanatomical localization in the dog?
What additional symptom was present in both dogs besides medial strabismus?
What additional symptom was present in both dogs besides medial strabismus?
What were the results of the venous blood gas analysis and thyroid profile?
What were the results of the venous blood gas analysis and thyroid profile?
What is a rare consequence of a thalamic ischemic infarction as mentioned in the case report?
What is a rare consequence of a thalamic ischemic infarction as mentioned in the case report?
What is pseudoabducens paralysis mainly characterized by?
What is pseudoabducens paralysis mainly characterized by?
Which area is primarily affected by a paramedian thalamic lesion resulting in esotropia?
Which area is primarily affected by a paramedian thalamic lesion resulting in esotropia?
Which condition has NOT been reported to cause esotropia in dogs?
Which condition has NOT been reported to cause esotropia in dogs?
What consequence can a thalamic infarct produce regarding strabismus in dogs?
What consequence can a thalamic infarct produce regarding strabismus in dogs?
Which of the following neurological signs is commonly associated with midbrain-thalamic ischemic infarcts in dogs?
Which of the following neurological signs is commonly associated with midbrain-thalamic ischemic infarcts in dogs?
Which of the following describes thalamic esotropia in dogs?
Which of the following describes thalamic esotropia in dogs?
Which statement regarding pseudoabducens palsy in humans is correct?
Which statement regarding pseudoabducens palsy in humans is correct?
What is a key sign that can be manifested due to a dorsal midbrain lesion?
What is a key sign that can be manifested due to a dorsal midbrain lesion?
Flashcards
Medial strabismus (esotropia)
Medial strabismus (esotropia)
A condition where the eye turns inward towards the nose.
Paramedian thalamic ischemic infarction
Paramedian thalamic ischemic infarction
A stroke-like event affecting a specific part of the thalamus, reducing blood flow.
Contralateral
Contralateral
On the opposite side of the body (or brain).
Pseudoabducens paralysis
Pseudoabducens paralysis
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Vestibular ataxia
Vestibular ataxia
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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
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Lacunar ischemic infarct
Lacunar ischemic infarct
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Descending inhibitory pathways
Descending inhibitory pathways
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Oculomotor nerve
Oculomotor nerve
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Medial Rectus muscle
Medial Rectus muscle
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Esotropia
Esotropia
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Paramedian thalamic ischemic infarct
Paramedian thalamic ischemic infarct
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Contralateral
Contralateral
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Vestibular ataxia
Vestibular ataxia
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Lacunar ischemic infarct
Lacunar ischemic infarct
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Pseudoabducens paralysis
Pseudoabducens paralysis
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Esotropia
Esotropia
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Paramedian thalamic lesion
Paramedian thalamic lesion
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Contralateral thalamic infarct
Contralateral thalamic infarct
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Descending inhibitory convergence pathways
Descending inhibitory convergence pathways
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Motor nucleus of oculomotor nerve
Motor nucleus of oculomotor nerve
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Thalamic esotropia
Thalamic esotropia
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Right head tilt
Right head tilt
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Nonambulatory tetraparesis
Nonambulatory tetraparesis
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Vestibular ataxia
Vestibular ataxia
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Right esotropia
Right esotropia
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Suspected upward gaze palsy
Suspected upward gaze palsy
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Episodic head tremor
Episodic head tremor
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Central vestibular system lesion
Central vestibular system lesion
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Thalamic involvement
Thalamic involvement
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Hypercholesterolemia
Hypercholesterolemia
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Increased C-reactive protein
Increased C-reactive protein
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Study Notes
Medial Strabismus in Dogs
- Rare neurological sign: Medial strabismus (esotropia) at rest is a rare consequence of a contralateral paramedian thalamic ischemic infarction.
- Not previously linked to thalamic lesions: While esotropia has been linked to abducens neuropathy or extraocular myopathy in dogs, this report is the first to associate it with thalamic lesions.
- Two dogs presented with symptoms: Two dogs (a Border Collie and a mixed breed dog) had peracute non-progressive vestibular ataxia.
- Signs in dogs: Neurological examination revealed right esotropia, nonambulatory tetraparesis, head tilt, vestibular ataxia, and nystagmus.
- Brain lesions identified: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) localized lesions to the left paramedian thalamic lacunar ischemic infarction in both dogs.
- Mechanism of esotropia: Interruption of descending inhibitory pathways (crossing in the subthalamic region), that control the contralateral motor nucleus of the oculomotor nerve leads to medial rectus muscle hypertonicity and hence esotropia.
- Important diagnostic sign: Esotropia can be a localized sign in dogs with thalamic infarctions.
- Treatment: Supportive care, including IV fluids, antiemetic medications, and physiotherapy, were administered to both dogs.
- Recovery: Both dogs recovered and were discharged, with the head tremor resolving completely in the first dog nine days later.
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