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Questions and Answers
What neurological sign is highlighted as a localizing indicator in the described cases?
What neurological sign is highlighted as a localizing indicator in the described cases?
Which imaging technique revealed the ischemic infarction in the dogs?
Which imaging technique revealed the ischemic infarction in the dogs?
What is medial strabismus also known as?
What is medial strabismus also known as?
What kind of infarction was identified in the dogs presented in the cases?
What kind of infarction was identified in the dogs presented in the cases?
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Which animal was diagnosed with medial strabismus in the case report?
Which animal was diagnosed with medial strabismus in the case report?
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What did the computed tomography of the thorax and abdomen reveal?
What did the computed tomography of the thorax and abdomen reveal?
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What neurological condition was associated with the medial strabismus in both dogs?
What neurological condition was associated with the medial strabismus in both dogs?
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What neurological signs were observed in the dog during the examination?
What neurological signs were observed in the dog during the examination?
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What was suggested by the multiple electrode aggregometry analysis?
What was suggested by the multiple electrode aggregometry analysis?
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What type of brain imaging was used to identify thalamic lesions in the dogs?
What type of brain imaging was used to identify thalamic lesions in the dogs?
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Which medication was used for antinausea treatment in the dog?
Which medication was used for antinausea treatment in the dog?
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What condition was the 7-year-old male neutered Border Collie initially evaluated for?
What condition was the 7-year-old male neutered Border Collie initially evaluated for?
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Which cranial nerve's motor nucleus is affected leading to medial strabismus?
Which cranial nerve's motor nucleus is affected leading to medial strabismus?
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What does restricted diffusion in imaging typically indicate?
What does restricted diffusion in imaging typically indicate?
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What was the outcome for the dog after 7 days of supportive care?
What was the outcome for the dog after 7 days of supportive care?
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What was the main cause of the observed symptoms in the dogs?
What was the main cause of the observed symptoms in the dogs?
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Which artery's territory is associated with the identified ischemic infarct?
Which artery's territory is associated with the identified ischemic infarct?
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What additional condition was suggested by the neuroanatomical localization in the dog?
What additional condition was suggested by the neuroanatomical localization in the dog?
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What additional symptom was present in both dogs besides medial strabismus?
What additional symptom was present in both dogs besides medial strabismus?
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What were the results of the venous blood gas analysis and thyroid profile?
What were the results of the venous blood gas analysis and thyroid profile?
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What is a rare consequence of a thalamic ischemic infarction as mentioned in the case report?
What is a rare consequence of a thalamic ischemic infarction as mentioned in the case report?
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What is pseudoabducens paralysis mainly characterized by?
What is pseudoabducens paralysis mainly characterized by?
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Which area is primarily affected by a paramedian thalamic lesion resulting in esotropia?
Which area is primarily affected by a paramedian thalamic lesion resulting in esotropia?
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Which condition has NOT been reported to cause esotropia in dogs?
Which condition has NOT been reported to cause esotropia in dogs?
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What consequence can a thalamic infarct produce regarding strabismus in dogs?
What consequence can a thalamic infarct produce regarding strabismus in dogs?
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Which of the following neurological signs is commonly associated with midbrain-thalamic ischemic infarcts in dogs?
Which of the following neurological signs is commonly associated with midbrain-thalamic ischemic infarcts in dogs?
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Which of the following describes thalamic esotropia in dogs?
Which of the following describes thalamic esotropia in dogs?
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Which statement regarding pseudoabducens palsy in humans is correct?
Which statement regarding pseudoabducens palsy in humans is correct?
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What is a key sign that can be manifested due to a dorsal midbrain lesion?
What is a key sign that can be manifested due to a dorsal midbrain lesion?
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Study Notes
Medial Strabismus in Dogs
- Rare neurological sign: Medial strabismus (esotropia) at rest is a rare consequence of a contralateral paramedian thalamic ischemic infarction.
- Not previously linked to thalamic lesions: While esotropia has been linked to abducens neuropathy or extraocular myopathy in dogs, this report is the first to associate it with thalamic lesions.
- Two dogs presented with symptoms: Two dogs (a Border Collie and a mixed breed dog) had peracute non-progressive vestibular ataxia.
- Signs in dogs: Neurological examination revealed right esotropia, nonambulatory tetraparesis, head tilt, vestibular ataxia, and nystagmus.
- Brain lesions identified: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) localized lesions to the left paramedian thalamic lacunar ischemic infarction in both dogs.
- Mechanism of esotropia: Interruption of descending inhibitory pathways (crossing in the subthalamic region), that control the contralateral motor nucleus of the oculomotor nerve leads to medial rectus muscle hypertonicity and hence esotropia.
- Important diagnostic sign: Esotropia can be a localized sign in dogs with thalamic infarctions.
- Treatment: Supportive care, including IV fluids, antiemetic medications, and physiotherapy, were administered to both dogs.
- Recovery: Both dogs recovered and were discharged, with the head tremor resolving completely in the first dog nine days later.
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Description
This quiz explores the rare occurrence of medial strabismus (esotropia) in dogs, specifically linked to contralateral paramedian thalamic ischemic infarction. It examines the neurological signs, the case of two affected dogs, and the imaging findings that reveal thalamic lesions. Test your understanding of this intriguing clinical phenomenon in veterinary neurology.
