Media landscapes and Journalism

• Radio broadcasts strategically present information by selecting certain aspects, highlighting details, and using specific language to influence listeners' interpretations.
• News involves communicating current events through various channels to a third party or mass audience.

Newspapers and Journalism

• Newspapers are regularly scheduled publications containing news, information, and advertising, typically printed on inexpensive newsprint.
• News creation follows the structure of the 5Ws and 1H to present facts.
• Journalism involves collecting, writing, editing, and presenting news across various media.
• Objectivity is a main characteristic of journalists.

Books, Comics, Magazines, and Publishing Industry

• Literature includes books with fictional or true-to-life stories about the human condition.
• Trade books are more expensive, printed on glossy paper with hardbound covers.
• Comics are cheap, accessible, colorful, and entertaining, often serving as source material for other media.
• Magazines contain printed stories, essays, illustrations, photographs, and advertising content.

Photography and Timeless Image Concept

• Photography involves capturing or encoding images which are then stored as electric signals

Framing and Listening

• Framing is how information is presented to influence perception and interpretation.
• Listening involves actively engaging with, interpreting, and responding to spoken messages.
• Radio is a popular mass medium that delivers immediate news and entertainment.

Audio Visual Medium

• An audiovisual medium combines different kinds of media delivered in one package.
• Audiovisual media combines audio (radio, oral tradition) and visuals (photography, film, TV).

Film

• Film combines visual images with sound to create narratives, evoke emotions, or communicate ideas.
• Film works through a continuous movement of 24 frames per second to create the illusion of motion.
• Film was earlier called "moving Pictures" and later shortened into "movies"

Cinema

• Cinema refers to specific bodies of work in film that carry specific thematic topics

Short Film

• A film with a total running time of less than one hour.

Feature Length (Full Length) Film

• The running time exceeds one hour and lasts up to two or three hours (sometimes even longer)

Stages of Film Production

• Preproduction: The planning stage
• Production: The principal photography phase, often shot in less than 30 days for mainstream commercial films or ten days or less for low-budget films.
• Postproduction: Involves editing, usually completed in less than 25 days.

Types of Film

• Narrative Film: Fictional in nature.
• Documentary Film: Presents nonfictional or factual characters and situations.
• Animation Film: Oldest form of film.
• Experimental Film: Deviates from traditional narrative formats.

Types of TV Shows: Informative

• News Programs: Deliver current events.
• Documentary Programs: Extend news issues with clear facts and nonfictional events.
• Public Shows Program: Target specific viewers and address specific issues like immigration, OFW concerns, or health.

Types of TV Shows: Entertainment

• Variety Show: A nonfictional type of entertainment.
• Game Shows: Offer the chance to win prizes.
• Reality TV: Subjects contestants to challenges for a major prize.
• TV Specials: Air occasionally to feature special events.

New Media

• Computer-originated information and communication technologies delivered via the internet.
• Seeing new media as separate from traditional media is not accurate.

Convergence

• The merging of two or more things to for a new whole.
• Media convergence occurs when previously distinct technologies share tasks and resources.
• Multimedia originally described media products containing several forms of media content.
• Synergy maximizes economic opportunities within a conglomerate.
• Transmedia: Stories unfold across multiple media platforms, with each medium contributing uniquely.

Types of Audiences

• Digital Natives: Have used the internet since childhood.
• Digital Immigrants: Were born before widespread digital technology use.

Social Networking

• Networking is a supportive system for sharing information and services.
• Social networking involves online platforms connecting people.

Citizen Journalism

• Ability of people to interact with and reshape news and content

Crowdsourcing

• Utilizing contributions (labor, information, etc.) from the general public.

Internet

• Journalism + Internet = Blogging, the process that implies creating articles, photos, and other forms of content and publishing them on a website
• Broadcasting + Internet = Podcast, program made available in digital format for download over the Internet.
• Film + Internet = Youtube, a popular video sharing website where registered users can upload and share videos with anyone able to access the site.
• TV + Internet = Streaming Media, video or audio content sent in compressed form over the internet and played immediately over a user's device, rather than being saved to the device hard drive or solid-state drive.
• Advertising + Social Media = Social Media Influencer, a user on social media who has established credibility in a specific industry.
• Image manipulation is a form of deceptive practice.
• Plagiarism is stealing others' thoughts or writings and claiming them as one's own.
• Public interest refers to the general welfare or benefit of the public.

News values determine prominence and attention

• Frequency: How often an event occurs.
• Unexpectedness: Surprising events.
• Personalization: Human-interest angle.
• Meaningfulness: Relevance to the audience.
• Conflict generation: Stories involving disputes or tension.
• Envelopmental journalism, in the Philippines involves bribing mass media personnel, usually with cash in envelopes.
• "Information disorder" is a more accurate term than "fake news."

Three types of information disorder

• Misinformation: False information shared without intent to harm.
• Disinformation: False information deliberately spread to cause harm.
• Mal-information: True information shared with harmful intent, often exposing private details.

Seven types of misinformation and disinformation

• Satire or parody: Uses sarcasm or humor; can mislead if taken seriously.
• Misleading content: Intentionally deceives with misleading information.
• Imposter content: Mimics authentic news but presents false information.
• Fabricated content: Publishes entirely false information.
• False connection: Uses sensational headlines or mismatched images.
• False context: Reposts stories with biased interpretations.
• Manipulated content: Deliberately alters authentic information to deceive.
• Payola: An unethical practice where record promoters pay DJs to favor certain songs.