History and Types of Journalism

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following publications would most likely be considered a tabloid, based on its characteristics?

  • A nationally distributed newspaper printed in English, focusing on in-depth political analysis and economic reports.
  • A local newspaper printed in the vernacular language, focusing on celebrity gossip and sensationalized crime stories. (correct)
  • A broadsheet newspaper focusing on detailed coverage of international events and business news.
  • An online publication focusing on investigative journalism and data-driven reporting on social issues.

In the context of journalism history, what was the significance of 'Acta Diurna' in ancient Rome?

  • It established the concept of freedom of the press, allowing citizens to openly criticize the government.
  • It served as a daily record of events, representing an early form of newspaper. (correct)
  • It was the first printed newspaper, enabling mass distribution of news and information.
  • It codified the laws governing journalistic practices and ethics.

How does investigative journalism differ from other forms of journalism?

  • It focuses primarily on celebrity news and entertainment.
  • It relies solely on press releases and official statements for information.
  • It involves in-depth research and reporting, often uncovering hidden or suppressed information. (correct)
  • It is limited to reporting on political and business news.

Which of the following scenarios best exemplifies the exercise of freedom of the press?

<p>A journalist publishes an opinion piece criticizing government policies without fear of censorship or retaliation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a summary lead in a news story?

<p>To present the most important information of the story in a concise manner. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the concept of 'parrhesia' relate to modern journalism?

<p>It promotes the idea of speaking truth to power without fear of reprisal. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following news topics would be considered 'hard news'?

<p>A report on a new government policy and its potential impact. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did 'Umalohokan' play in pre-colonial Philippine society?

<p>They served as town criers, orally disseminating important information to the community. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical structure of a news story written using the inverted pyramid style?

<p>Presenting the most important information first, followed by supporting details in decreasing order of importance. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights relate to the field of journalism?

<p>It guarantees the right to freedom of opinion and expression, which is essential for journalists to report freely. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Origin of Journalism

The origin traces back to the Roman Empire, where Acta Diurna were daily occurrences recorded and displayed.

What Journalists Do

A journalist collects or gathers news and information.

Early Philippine Newspapers

Del Superior Govierno (1811) was the first newspaper. The Manila Times (1898) is the oldest existing newspaper with the same name.

Forms of Journalism

Agricultural, photo, showbiz, medical/health, and investigative journalism.

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Tabloid vs. Broadsheet

Broadsheet: Large size, English, national. Tabloid: Smaller, vernacular, sensationalized.

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Freedom of the Press

Expression and opinion are key components of freedom.

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Greek Term for Free Speech

Parrhesia refers to free speech in a democracy.

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Structure of Leads

Inverted pyramid (lead, body, tail).

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Hard vs. Soft News

Political/business news needing immediate action. Soft news includes celebrity, sports, and weather.

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Umalohokan

Village criers who spoke. They carved Baybayin text in bamboo.

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Study Notes

  • Journalism originated in the Roman Empire, Rome.
  • Newspaper is derived from "Acta Dyurna," meaning "daily occurrences".
  • Journalism is derived from "Dyornal" (French Journal, Latin Dyornal), with "Diya" meaning "Day."
  • Journalists collect or gather news and information.

History of Newspapers in the Philippines

  • The first newspaper was "Del Superior Govierno" (1811).
  • The oldest existing newspaper with the same name is the "Manila Times" (1898).

Forms of Journalism

  • Agricultural journalism
  • Photojournalism
  • Showbiz journalism
  • Medical health and wellness journalism
  • Investigative journalism

Tabloid vs Broadsheet

  • Broadsheet that usually contains advertisements and is an English-language national newspaper with a large size.
  • Tabloid is for the masses ("pang masa") to entertain and is yellow journalism, often controversial or exaggerated, usually in vernacular languages.

Types of Journalism

  • Freedom of the Press encompasses expression and opinion.

Free Speech

  • The Greek term for free speech is "Parrhesia".
  • Democracy began in Greece

Leads

  • Kinds of leads: inverted pyramid (lead, body, tail).
  • Literary features include creative writing and news features.

News Features

  • Summary lead is the summary of the story.
  • Creative lead utilizes questioning.
  • Analogy lead uses comparisons.
  • Short sentence lead contains only 1-2 sentences.

Important Articles

  • Article 3 section 4 BILL OF RIGHTS added 5 important rights.
  • The UN human rights system includes Article 19 which is the right of freedom of opinion.

Hard News vs Soft News

  • Hard news pertains to politics and business, requiring immediate action.
  • Soft news includes celebrity news, sports, and weather reports.

Pre-Spanish Period

  • "Umalohokan" references village criers who spoke and carved "Baybayin" text in bamboo during the pre-Spanish period.

Summary

  • The tail or summary provides additional information.

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