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Questions and Answers
What is the earliest known newspaper in the world?
What is the earliest known newspaper in the world?
Dibao in China
When was the printing press used for mass production?
When was the printing press used for mass production?
19th Century
Which device allows two or more users to conduct a conversation from a distance?
Which device allows two or more users to conduct a conversation from a distance?
The Acta Diurna was the first newspaper in Rome.
The Acta Diurna was the first newspaper in Rome.
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What were folding books made from in the Mayan region?
What were folding books made from in the Mayan region?
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Who was the first to be granted a US patent for the telephone?
Who was the first to be granted a US patent for the telephone?
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The __________ is known for applying pressure to an inked surface to transfer ink.
The __________ is known for applying pressure to an inked surface to transfer ink.
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What term refers to a motion picture with synchronized sound?
What term refers to a motion picture with synchronized sound?
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What is the purpose of peeling the outer green rind of the papyrus stalk?
What is the purpose of peeling the outer green rind of the papyrus stalk?
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What is the final step in the preparation of papyrus sheets?
What is the final step in the preparation of papyrus sheets?
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What is often applied to the dried papyrus sheets to enhance writing quality?
What is often applied to the dried papyrus sheets to enhance writing quality?
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What was the primary use of papyrus in ancient Egypt?
What was the primary use of papyrus in ancient Egypt?
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Why did the use of papyrus decline?
Why did the use of papyrus decline?
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What was the typical length of papyrus stalks after harvesting?
What was the typical length of papyrus stalks after harvesting?
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What was the main format for storage and transport of written works using papyrus?
What was the main format for storage and transport of written works using papyrus?
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Study Notes
Evolution of Media Overview
- Media has evolved from traditional forms to new media, impacting society significantly.
- Key learning competencies include identifying types of media and their roles in democracy.
Prehistoric / Pre-Industrial Age (Before 1700s)
- Fire discovery, paper development from plants, and creation of tools with metals marked early human innovation.
- Cave paintings (35,000 BC) and clay tablets in Mesopotamia (2400 BC) served as communication mediums.
- Papyrus developed in Egypt around 2500 BC is one of the earliest forms of written communication.
- Acta Diurna (130 BC) is recognized as the first newspaper in ancient Rome.
- Wood-block printing technology emerged around 220 AD, involving carved blocks inked to print text on paper.
- Mayan civilization created codices (5th Century), using bark to make accordion-folded books with hieroglyphs, the only true writing system in pre-Columbian Americas.
Industrial Age (1700s-1930s)
- The steam power revolution led to advancements in manufacturing, notably in book production via the printing press.
- The Oxford Gazette, printed in 1665, is considered the oldest continuously published newspaper in the UK.
- The typewriter invention (1800) allowed for the production of printed text similar to movable type printing.
- Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone (1876), enabling long-distance voice communication.
- Motion picture technology was developed by the 1890s, creating the illusion of movement through a rapid succession of still images.
- The printing press evolved for mass production in the 19th century, facilitating wider distribution of printed materials.
- The year 1913 was notable for film as an art form, alongside other advancements in the medium.
- Sound films emerged in 1926, integrating synchronized sound with visual elements, changing the landscape of cinema.
Papyrus Production Overview
- Papyrus is derived from the Cyperus papyrus plant, commonly found in Egypt's Nile Delta.
- Historically, it served as a foundational writing material in ancient civilizations.
Cultivation
- The plant thrives in wetlands, particularly in shallow freshwater ecosystems.
- Optimal growth conditions are prevalent along the Nile River.
- Harvesting generally occurs during late summer or autumn.
Harvesting Process
- Stalks are cut to a length of approximately 3-4 feet.
- Careful cutting techniques are employed to prevent root damage during harvesting.
Preparation of Papyrus Sheets
- Peeling: The outer green rind is removed to access the inner pith.
- Slicing: The inner pith is cut into thin strips for sheet formation.
- Layering: Strips are placed side by side, followed by perpendicular layering for structural integrity.
- Pressing: Layers are compacted using heavy weights or stones, facilitating adhesion.
- Drying: Sheets are sun-dried to eliminate moisture, essential for durability.
Finishing Touches
- Dried sheets are polished with smooth stones or cloths for improved writing surfaces.
- Additional treatments, like applying chalk, enhance writing quality.
Usage
- Primarily utilized for documenting religious texts, literature, administrative writings, and other significant documents.
- Papyrus scrolls were the predominant format for storing and transporting written works.
Significance
- Served as a central writing medium in ancient Egypt and across the Mediterranean for several centuries.
- Played a pivotal role in the preservation of records and cultural knowledge in Egyptian civilization.
Decline
- The advent of parchment and paper led to a significant decrease in papyrus use, particularly during the Roman and Byzantine eras.
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Description
Explore the transformation from traditional to new media in this engaging quiz. Learn about the historical context of media development, including significant technological advancements from the prehistoric era to modern times. Equip yourself with insights on media's role in society and its impact on democracy.