Media Evolution Lesson 2

Media has evolved from traditional forms to new media, impacting society significantly.
Key learning competencies include identifying types of media and their roles in democracy.

Fire discovery, paper development from plants, and creation of tools with metals marked early human innovation.
Cave paintings (35,000 BC) and clay tablets in Mesopotamia (2400 BC) served as communication mediums.
Papyrus developed in Egypt around 2500 BC is one of the earliest forms of written communication.
Acta Diurna (130 BC) is recognized as the first newspaper in ancient Rome.
Wood-block printing technology emerged around 220 AD, involving carved blocks inked to print text on paper.
Mayan civilization created codices (5th Century), using bark to make accordion-folded books with hieroglyphs, the only true writing system in pre-Columbian Americas.

The steam power revolution led to advancements in manufacturing, notably in book production via the printing press.
The Oxford Gazette, printed in 1665, is considered the oldest continuously published newspaper in the UK.
The typewriter invention (1800) allowed for the production of printed text similar to movable type printing.
Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone (1876), enabling long-distance voice communication.
Motion picture technology was developed by the 1890s, creating the illusion of movement through a rapid succession of still images.
The printing press evolved for mass production in the 19th century, facilitating wider distribution of printed materials.
The year 1913 was notable for film as an art form, alongside other advancements in the medium.
Sound films emerged in 1926, integrating synchronized sound with visual elements, changing the landscape of cinema.

Papyrus is derived from the Cyperus papyrus plant, commonly found in Egypt's Nile Delta.
Historically, it served as a foundational writing material in ancient civilizations.

Stalks are cut to a length of approximately 3-4 feet.
Careful cutting techniques are employed to prevent root damage during harvesting.

Peeling: The outer green rind is removed to access the inner pith.
Slicing: The inner pith is cut into thin strips for sheet formation.
Layering: Strips are placed side by side, followed by perpendicular layering for structural integrity.
Pressing: Layers are compacted using heavy weights or stones, facilitating adhesion.
Drying: Sheets are sun-dried to eliminate moisture, essential for durability.

Dried sheets are polished with smooth stones or cloths for improved writing surfaces.
Additional treatments, like applying chalk, enhance writing quality.

Primarily utilized for documenting religious texts, literature, administrative writings, and other significant documents.
Papyrus scrolls were the predominant format for storing and transporting written works.

Served as a central writing medium in ancient Egypt and across the Mediterranean for several centuries.
Played a pivotal role in the preservation of records and cultural knowledge in Egyptian civilization.